This document is a project proposal for implementing wireless data communication using Zigbee technology. It discusses using Zigbee modules to encrypt data from a keypad, transmit it wirelessly between two PCs up to 70 meters away, then decrypt and display the data. The objectives are to provide reliable and secure data transmission with low power consumption. Zigbee is suitable because it supports mesh networking, low data rates, long battery life, and security. The proposal reviews related work using Zigbee in wireless sensor networks for agriculture and discusses how Zigbee can benefit applications in hospitals, homes, and industry. The scope is limited to transmitting encrypted data between two PCs using Zigbee modules.

1. ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
IMPLEMENTING ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS DATA
COMMUNICATION
MSc PROJECT PROPOSAL
Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering
Specialization: Communication Technology Management
Group Members ID№
1. Tigist Bezu GSR/5242/06
2. Tesfay Kiross GSR/5240/06
3. Mamie Negash GSR/5230/06
4. Seada Ebrahim GSR/5234/06
Feb-2015
Adama, Ethiopia

2. i
ABSTRACT
Data Security is primary concern for every communication system. There are many ways to
provide security data that is being communicated. However, what if the security is assured
irrespective of the hackers are from the noise. This Project describes a design of effective
security for data communication by designing standard algorithm for transmitting and receiving.
Zigbee is a personal access network (PAN) technology based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
Unlike Bluetooth or wireless USB devices, ZigBee devices have the ability to form a mesh
network between nodes. Meshing is a type of daisy chaining from one device to another. This
technique allows the short range of an individual node to be expanded and multiplied, covering a
much larger area. The source information is generated by a key pad and this will be encrypted
and is sent to destination through Zigbee modules. The receiving system will check the data and
decrypt according to a specific algorithm and displayed.

3. ii
TABLE OF CONTENT
Content page
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................. ii
1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem Statement.............................................................................................................2
1.3 Objective of the Study .......................................................................................................2
1.4 Significance of the Study...................................................................................................2
1.5 Delimitation.......................................................................................................................3
2. LITRATURE REVIEW ..........................................................................................................4
3. METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................................6
3.1 Project Model Description ................................................................................................6
4. PLANS OF THE ACTIVITY..................................................................................................9
5. LOGISTIC..............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................11

4. 1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Wireless Technology is being developed rapidly nowadays. Advancement in micro
electromechanical systems brings integration of sensing, signal processing and RF capability on
very small devices. All kind of portable applications tend to be able to communicate without the
use of any wires. Aim of wireless communication is to gather information or perform certain task
in the environment. A typical sensor node contains three C’s, are Collection, Computation and
Communication units. Based on the request of sink, gathered information will be transmitted
wirelessly. The collection unit has series of sensors. Computation unit contains microcontroller
and memory. Finally the communication unit contains transceiver to transmit and receive data.
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-
power digital radios based on an IEEE 802 standard for personal area networks [1]. ZigBee
devices are often used in mesh network form to transmit data over longer distances, passing data
through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones. This allows ZigBee networks to be
formed ad-hoc, with no centralized control or high-power transmitter/receiver able to reach all of
the devices. Any ZigBee device can be tasked with running the network.
ZigBee is targeted at applications that require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure
networking, widely utilized Wireless Sensor Network standards with low power, low cost and
short time delay characteristics [2], simple to develop and deploy and provides robust security,
high data reliability, best suited for periodic or intermittent data or a single signal transmission
from a sensor or input device. Name of the Zigbee came from zigzagging patterns of honey bees
between flowers, represents the communication between nodes in a mesh network [1]. Power
needed for ZigBee is very small. In most cases it uses 1mW (or less power). But still it provides
range up to 150 meters in outdoor which is achieved by the technique called direct sequence
spread spectrum (DSSS). Also DSSS consumes less power compared to Frequency Hopping
Spread Spectrum (FHSS). It works in the 868 MHz (Europe), 915 MHz (North America and
Australia) and 2.4 GHz (available worldwide) ISM band with up to 20kbps, 40kbps and 250kbps
data rate respectively .Because these wave bands are different from the bands of current common
wireless networks, Wireless Fidelity, is intended to be simpler and less expensive and its

5. 2
WPANs than (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, Wireless USB etc[3]. Mutual interferences between them will
not occur, therefore, this guarantees our system will not interfere other wireless networks and
will not be affected as well. The ZigBee protocol is designed to communicate data through
hostile RF environments that are common in commercial and industrial applications. ZigBee
protocol features include: provides supports for point-to-point, point-to-multipoint and mesh
networks, It has low duty cycle which provides long battery life, has Low latency, Direct
Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) is used in ZigBee technology, ability to use up to 65,000
nodes per network, 128-bit AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption for secure data
connections are used in it, collision avoidance, retries and acknowledgements are one of the most
efficient features of ZigBee.[4]
1.2 Problem Statement
As societal dependence up on wireless systems continues to grow ,wireless technology needs to
expand ,however the availability of current forms of wireless is very limited if necessary to
explore other alternatives to wireless communication to allow continued expansion up on
communication systems and to ensure safe use in addition to the crowded the frequency
spectrum ,interference is also concern for many existing wireless system. Data transfer using
zigbee solve the issue of security and interference in data transmission
1.3 Objective of the Study
The purpose of this project is to implement pc to PC wireless data communication using zig bee
technology. It is designed to provide reliable data transmission of modest amounts of data up to
70m distance.
1.4 Significance of the Study
It is designed for low power consumption allowing batteries to last up to years using primary
cells (low cost) without any charges (and easy installation). It doesn’t require data transfer rates
as high as those enabled by Bluetooth and also provide reliable data transmission. Extends the
capabilities of this new radio standard by defining a flexible and secure network layer that

6. 3
supports a variety of architecture to communication. It is all set to provide the consumer with
ultimate flexibility, mobility and ease of use by building wireless intelligence and capabilities
into everyday devices. The study has benefit for different application areas such as :-in hospitals
for Medical sensing and monitoring ,home for Lighting controls, heating control, home security
in industry for industrial and building automation. Environmental controls etc. are where data
communication using zigbee is applicable.
1.5 Delimitation
In this proposal the scope is to use zigbee technology in wireless communication. The project
work PC-PC application using ZIGBEE enables the communication between 2 PC’s using two
ZIGBEE modules through wireless transmission of signals over a limited distance.

7. 4
2. LITRATURE REVIEW
Recently, the modern agriculturists are demanding sophisticated instrumentation for
measurement and control of environmental parameters of the playhouse. The humidity is
important parameter, which plays vital role on the crop yield. Therefore, the author designed and
implemented monitoring of humidity of playhouse and the results of implementation are
interpreted. The proposed system in [5], a study of zigbee based wireless sensor network in
agriculture was carried out. This paper has reviewed few issues regarding zigbee in agriculture.
That how the factors like node spacing, antenna height, crop canopy and density of leaves affects
the signal strength.
[6]The paper describes features of the ZigBee standard that is great solution for wireless sensor
network. The workplace for wireless sensors networking was prepared and tried out within
works at DEMC. This workplace consists of development boards based on perspective ARM and
x51 microcontrollers as well as the Freescale’sZigBee development tool chain. Their tool chain
includes evaluation hardware, the smart code generator BeeKit and Code Warrior IDE. The HA
multiplatform wireless network was based on evaluation hardware, SMAC protocol and
proprietary routing algorithm. The interoperability and functionality of used hardware and
software were confirmed to achieve sufficient coverage for flat or smaller house. Memory
requirement of each MCU platform was also compared. Next step was realization of small
ZigBee compliant network using Free scale’s tool chain. This tool chain ensures relatively easy
network creation and modification. Even though only three nodes were used in the ZigBee
network, works at department continue with ambition to realize larger interoperable home
automation network based on different manufacturer ZigBee chips
[7] In this paper, they proposed an intelligent home control system based on ZigBee WSN, and
implemented two kinds of hardware components: a ZG and some ZR nodes. With the mesh
network structure and humanized operation, user in the local place and remote place can control
the home devices easily and reliably through the ZG. The implemented home control system is
proved to be efficient in performing home monitoring tasks, and it is ready to be used in various
home automation application switch little modification. Industrial automations which are mostly
depend upon the power systems & which requires distance controlled and regulated systems. The
author monitored power related parameters and enabled remote switching devices for proper

8. 5
power management systems using ZigBee and proposed a digital system for condition
monitoring, diagnosis, and supervisory control for electric systems parameters like voltage and
current using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on ZigBee
Researchers were proposed that WSN system will be able to communicate each other with lower
power consumption in order to deliver their real data collection. The design attempted a sensor
node board systems consist of a low power microcontroller so called nano Watt technology, low
power semiconductor based or MEMS sensors, ZigBee™ IEEE 802.15.4 wireless transceiver
and solar energy source with optimal power management system. Researchers were presented
the design and implementation of Automatic Power Meter (APM), The APM is implemented
using an ARM and Zig Bee Based power meter Communication Module. The system provides
efficient meter reading, avoiding the billing error and reduces the maintenance cost. They
addressed the advantages of implementing the ZigBee communication module and design detail
and discussed the advanced security of the data communications/transmission [8]
E-health is a relatively recent term for healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and
communication, dating back to at least 1999. [9], worked on the e-healthcare that transmit digital
medical data through healthcare system. Online monitoring is concentrated on the process of
monitoring and tracking of people at home, car, office, and any other location. E-healthcare deals
with patients that they are located far from doctor jurisdiction. Healthcare monitoring including
measurements of temperature, blood pressure / pulse monitors and ECG, etc. This works deals
with the development of monitoring system via adding intelligent system to distinguish the
emergency cases. This work try to keep patient data privacy, reduce attack or penetration of data,
reduce processing time and at the same time increasing the efficiency of the overall system. The
privacy of patient data is also maintained confidential. Electrocardiogram and heart rate are vital
physiological signals that have received increasing attention in recent years. Research indicates
that each year more than millions of people around the world die of cardiovascular disease. The
Researcher deals with the easy monitoring of electrocardiogram signals for people who are
leading a normal daily life and wireless transmission of the analysed ECG signals is sent to the
doctor in case of only abnormal beats and rhythms which leads to effective reduction in power
consumption

9. 6
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Project Model Description
In this proposed project, it uses zigbee module for wireless data communication system The
present project work PC to PC application using ZIGBEE enables the communication between 2
PC’s using two ZIGBEE modules through wireless transmission of signals over a limited
distance. In the project work for the demonstration purpose, we used two PC’s. The data is
transmitted and received using ZIGBEE modules and the appliance is controlled with the help of
a micro controller. This is checked using the hyper terminal in both the PC’s.
The required DC power supply for proper operation of the electronic circuitry in the demo
module is derived from AC 230V, 50Hz mainline. This unit consists of an adapter, rectifier and
regulator circuits. The overall demo module is simple and requires less maintenance. The
functional requirements of the project are Zigbee module, MAX3232, LM317, RS232, and
VB6.0 Software. ZIGBEE module developed for low-rate personal area networking, ZIGBEE is
a standards-based technology designed to address the unique needs of low-cost, wireless sensor
networks for remote monitoring, home control and building automation network applications.
The technology allows digital transmissions of up to 1Mbps in 868 through 928-MHz band or
2.4GHz. To keep the power requirements low, the expected up to 70 m.
The LM317 is an adjustable three-terminal positive-voltage regulator capable of supplying more
than 1.5 A over an output-voltage range of 1.25 V to 37 V. It is exceptionally easy to use and
requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Furthermore, both line and load
regulations are better than standard fixed regulators. In addition to having higher performance
than fixed regulators, this device includes on-chip current limiting, thermal overload protection,
and safe-operating-area protection. All overload protection remains fully functional, even if the
adjust terminal is disconnected. The LM317 is versatile in its applications, including uses in
programmable output regulation and local on-card regulation. Or, by connecting a fixed resistor
between the ADJUST and OUTPUT terminals, the LM317 can function as a precision current
regulator.

10. 7
MAX3232 is compatible with RS232 standard, have dual transceiver. packages. MAX3232 is
purposed for application in high-performance information processing systems and control
devices of wide application. The electrical interface between an asynchronous communication
controller and serial-port connector.
Fig 1.Functional Block Diagram of zigbee based wireless data communication

11. 8
Generally this proposed project has put five main phases to implement the desired model
Phase 1.litrature survey in the area:-the first phase is reviewing the literatures on zigbee based
wireless communication, which includes articles books, research papers and information
available through the internet and discussions with supervisor
Phase 2.determine the value analysis:-the second phase is to determine appropriate components
and require materials used for project then perform value analysis of components which factored
in certain areas of such as cost and performance
Phase 3:-this phase involves interfecing using progrmmes between the PCs and test for both
end systems
Phase 4.simulation and evaluation:-this will perform using VB6.0 software to simulate its
dynamic characteristics using this transmission system .to observe various important dynamic
characteristics at different operating conditions this is to investigate the behavior of the system at
certain range of operating condition and thus ,will give a guide line in the development of a
reference model for the system to track. Its easy way to implement the prototype of data
transmission after observing what is done in simulation.
Phase 5.delievery the project is the last phase is concerned with the system performance will be
evaluated based on set point tracking and disturbance rejection and then implemented practically

12. 9
4. PLANS OF THE ACTIVITY
S.no Activity
Start and
Finish date
Accomplished date
March April May June
1 Reviewing literature and study Mar 16-30 2015
2 Preparation of scheme Apr 1-5/2015
3 Implement of scheme Apr 6-25/2015
4 Analysis of simulation and
result formation
April 25-May 10/2015
5 Final write up and defenses May 11-21/2015
6 Submission of complete
projects document
May 21-June 4/2015
5. LOGISTIC
No. Goods and services
Price
Birr Cents
1 Stationery materials 300 00
2 Allowance 1000 00
3 Transport charge 1000 00
5 Printing cost 500 00
6 Binding cost 1000 00
7 Other incident cost ( contingency) 15% 570 00
Total 4370 00

13. 10
Cost estimation table for Components of the project
S.No List of components Quantity Cost/unit(birr) Total cost(birr)
1 Zigbee module 2 3000 6000
2 LM317 voltage
regulator
2 120 240
3 Max3232 transceiver 2 50 100
4 Diode 2 40 80
5 Resisters 5 20 100
6 capacitor 10 20 200
7 micro controller 2 500 1000
8 Rs232 2 250 500
Total 8220
Total budgeting cost for material without contingency is 8220 Ethiopian birrs. Contingency of
the total cost 15% = 1233 the budgeting cost with contingency for the project is 9453 Ethiopian
birr. The total budget needed for the project to implement is 13823 birr.

14. 11
REFERENCES
[1] "Hands-on ZigBee: implementing 802.15.4 with microcontrollers" Fredeady
[2] www.zigbee.org.
[3] S.Z. Lin, et al., “ZigBee based wireless sensor networks and its applications in industrial,”
proceedings of IEEE, 18th, August, 2007:21.
[4]Drew Gislason., “ZigBee Wireless Networking,” Newnes, USA, 2008, chapter1,
section1,pp.4.
[5]. A Survey on Zigbee Based Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture T.Kalaivani, A.
Allirani,P.Priya, 2011 IEEE.
[6] Park Komenského 13, 041 20 Kosice, Slovak Republic, from the paper filed during Aug 25,
2005, with Publication No.: ISSN 1335-8243
[7] Fei Ding Guangming, Song Jianqing Li and Aiguo Song, Remote Measuring and Control
Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Instrument 11Science and Engineering Southeast
University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21009, China
[8] .HGRodney Tan,C.H.Lee andV. H.Mork,“Automatic power meter reading systems using
Gsm network”,IEEE,8th International power Engineering conference ,pp.465-469,2007
[9]Muzhir Shaban Al-Ani, „The Mechanism of Monitoring and Tracking of Healthcare
Systems‟, J. Of university of anbar for pure science: Vol.6:NO.2: 2012