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Load shedding and load scheduling (ppt)
- 1. A Presentation On Load Scheduling & Load Shedding Presenting By: Gehlot Darshan B.Tech 4th Year Guided By: Prof. R.R. Joshi Head of Department Department of Electrical Engineering College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur
- 2. Contents Introduction What is load Load Scheduling in Power Systems Need for load Schedule Load Shedding Effect of excess load Reason For Instability Advantages & Disadvantages Conclusion
- 3. Introduction • Now a days electricity loads are increasing day by day. So it is important to manage the supply side for optimal operation.
- 4. Load • An electrical load is an electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes (active) electric power. This is opposed to a power source, such as a battery or generator, which produces power
- 5. Load Scheduling in Power Systems • The electrical load scheduling is the process of estimating the instantaneous loads operating in an installation. • The load schedule provides the load for the particular installation in terms of apparent, reactive and active power (kVA, kVAR and kW) and usually carried out at the sub facility area or at the switchboard.
- 6. Cont. The load schedule preparation should ideally be the first task to perform during the electrical system design stage since it relates to the equipment sizes and other power system requirements. Load scheduling is one form of load management action that allows companies to save energy by minimizing their demand. In order to have an efficient load schedule operation, the energy manager or business should conduct power logging and record all sessions so as to measure the usage of energy over a specific time.
- 7. Need for load Schedule Preparing an electrical load schedule eases the work of designing the system in terms of equipment sizing as well as in power system studies. The process requires an understanding of the installation, all the equipment that will be installed, frequency of using the equipment and their importance or criticality. The load schedule should ideally be started as early as is practically possible in the design process. One requires an idea of the main voltage levels required in the installation as well as all other details of the function of the facility or building, and the nature of process and non process loads.
- 8. Load Shedding • Load shedding in electrical supply networks is a controlled process in which the utility company drops off part of the load in order to balance the demand and the generated capacity. • This is often done whenever there is excess load on , it involves disconnecting or shedding some circuits to prevent an overload condition.
- 9. Effect of excess load Stress on the generating equipment. It slows down the prime movers, associated generators and other parts of the system as they attempt to cope with the excess load. Protection systems may interrupt the supply due to the excess current resulting from the overload. The higher load may also lead to a lower generating and supply frequency. The reduced frequency can damage the steam turbines as well as the frequency sensitive load.
- 10. Reason For Instability Inefficiency and lack of maintenance of generating and distribution systems Increased population Improved living standards Lack of planning
- 11. Load Shedding Procedures Utility companies use scheduled load shedding so that the available electricity is fairly shared by the consumers. This involves switching off some parts of the electricity supply network in a planned and controlled process. They alternate between different parts and time schedules to ensure that at least everyone gets power at a specific time. By dropping off the excess load, the power system remains stable. Some smaller generators such as those used in domestic applications have inbuilt load shedding capabilities. This becomes necessary when these are used as standby generators, in the event of a utility power outage, the emergency supply kicks in. And since all the circuits and appliances are connected, the load demand may exceed the generator capacity. When the load becomes too much, the generator sheds some of the smaller non- critical circuits automatically in an attempt to reduce the load.
- 12. Advantages Prevents overloading and damage of the power generators Prevents instability and system collapse of the electrical generation and distribution systems Ensures that consumers or parts of the network have poweras opposed to a total blackout. The planned schedules ensure that available capacity is shared fairly and each consumer gets power at one time or another. It serves as a warning to the utility hence forcing them to increase capacity, and efficiency so as to meet the demand.
- 13. Disadvantages • LOSS OF PRODUCTION • INCREASED CRIME DUE TO DARKNESS AND LACK OF JOBS • THE UTILITIES MAY NOT INCREASED THE OUTPUT • RESTORING THE LOAD MAY CAUSE MORE INSTABILITIES
- 14. Conclusion Electrical load scheduling is an essential practice that an electrical technician should carry out at the initial stages of an electrical power installation. The load schedule provides data that isa close estimate of the amount of power consumed for normal and peak loads and anything in between Load shedding is one of the last things that a utility company should look at. It leads to frustrated customers and loss of revenue for the consumers as production drops. In addition,it may cause equipment damage. Electricity companies should ensure that they have enough capacity to meet normal andpeak demands. This can be achieved by planning for future electricity demand and progressively upgrading the generating equipment, maintain existing systems, reducing transmission losses and increasing efficiency in the entire system.