This article is about the comparison of 5 kinds of wireless communication technologies, namely Zigbee, Bluetooth, UWB, Wi-Fi, NFC technology.
ZigBee technology in wireless communication technologies
Bluetooth technology in wireless communication technologies
UWB technology in wireless communication technologies
Wi-Fi technology in wireless communication technologies
NFC technology in wireless communication technologies
The relationship of the 5 wireless communication technologies
What is narrowband internet of things technology? Why is the narrowband internet of things technology emerging?
What is narrowband internet of things technology?
NB-IoT refers to NarrowBand Internet of Things (Narrowband-IoT) technology. Different IoT services have different requirements for data transmission capability and real-time performance.
Depending on the transmission rate, IoT services can be differentiated into high, medium, and low speed:
After the read, you will learn about what is NB-IoT, What are the features of NarrowBand-IoT, what are the NB-IoT applications.
What is NB-IoT?
NB-IoT (NarrowBand Internet of Things) is an emerging technology IoT based on the narrowband cellular things, support low-power device is connected to the cellular WAN data, is also known as a low-power wide-area network ( LPWA).
NB-IoT consumes only about 180KHz band can be deployed directly to the GSM network, UMTS network, or an LTE network supporting short standby time, the network connection device requires a high connection efficiency.
LTE-M vs NB-IoT technology, who is the mainstream LPWAN technology?
NB-IoT is also known as LTE Cat-NB, and other terms such as LTE Cat- NB1 and Cat N1 also apply to the NB-IoT specification released in 2016. Today, there are also Cat N2 or Cat NB2 devices using the later enhanced NB-IoT specifications, which are now moving towards commercialization. So, what are the results of LTE-M vs NB-IoT?
Below are the 10 comparison results of LTE-M vs NB-IoT.
LoRa vs NB-IoT, What is the difference between the two LPWAN technologies?
The proliferation of interactive data requires the support of corresponding network technologies, and the network technologies applied at this stage are not yet able to meet the needs of long-distance and narrow-bandwidth communication scenarios, in such a context, the Internet of Things was born. The low-power network, as an important technology for IoT, is developing at the fastest pace.
Mobile communication technologies have evolved from 1G analog networks to 2G digital networks to 3G networks that allow data and voice. 4G networks aim to provide speeds of 100Mbps to 1Gbps using technologies like LTE and WiMax. 5G is envisioned to provide even higher bandwidth and connectivity through technologies that have not been fully developed yet. Each generation brings higher speeds and more advanced applications, but also faces challenges in areas like costs, bandwidth requirements, and developing technology standards.
This document provides an overview of 5G wireless technology, including its network architecture, hardware, software, vision, features, challenges and development stages. It compares 1G to 5G technologies and discusses usage patterns. Key concepts discussed include a unified global standard, ubiquitous computing using cognitive radio, and high altitude platform stations. The document outlines the METIS project and stages of 5G development in Europe, South Korea, and by companies such as Samsung, Huawei, and NTT DoCoMo.
Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a low power wide area network technology developed by 3GPP to enable connectivity for battery powered devices. It uses a narrow bandwidth of 200kHz within existing cellular spectrums to provide long battery life, support for many connected devices, and indoor coverage. NB-IoT can co-exist with 2G, 3G, and 4G networks and is expected to support over 3 billion connected devices by 2020 across various applications in industries like agriculture, healthcare, automotive and more. It operates with low data rates and focuses on enabling low cost, low power devices to wirelessly transmit infrequent small amounts of data over long distances.
ALPHA Intelligence is the exclusive agent of CORPRO anti-UAV system, which can do detecting and jamming of drones/UAV. frequency can be customized. welcome to contact Sophie for more technical details.
What is narrowband internet of things technology? Why is the narrowband internet of things technology emerging?
What is narrowband internet of things technology?
NB-IoT refers to NarrowBand Internet of Things (Narrowband-IoT) technology. Different IoT services have different requirements for data transmission capability and real-time performance.
Depending on the transmission rate, IoT services can be differentiated into high, medium, and low speed:
After the read, you will learn about what is NB-IoT, What are the features of NarrowBand-IoT, what are the NB-IoT applications.
What is NB-IoT?
NB-IoT (NarrowBand Internet of Things) is an emerging technology IoT based on the narrowband cellular things, support low-power device is connected to the cellular WAN data, is also known as a low-power wide-area network ( LPWA).
NB-IoT consumes only about 180KHz band can be deployed directly to the GSM network, UMTS network, or an LTE network supporting short standby time, the network connection device requires a high connection efficiency.
LTE-M vs NB-IoT technology, who is the mainstream LPWAN technology?
NB-IoT is also known as LTE Cat-NB, and other terms such as LTE Cat- NB1 and Cat N1 also apply to the NB-IoT specification released in 2016. Today, there are also Cat N2 or Cat NB2 devices using the later enhanced NB-IoT specifications, which are now moving towards commercialization. So, what are the results of LTE-M vs NB-IoT?
Below are the 10 comparison results of LTE-M vs NB-IoT.
LoRa vs NB-IoT, What is the difference between the two LPWAN technologies?
The proliferation of interactive data requires the support of corresponding network technologies, and the network technologies applied at this stage are not yet able to meet the needs of long-distance and narrow-bandwidth communication scenarios, in such a context, the Internet of Things was born. The low-power network, as an important technology for IoT, is developing at the fastest pace.
Mobile communication technologies have evolved from 1G analog networks to 2G digital networks to 3G networks that allow data and voice. 4G networks aim to provide speeds of 100Mbps to 1Gbps using technologies like LTE and WiMax. 5G is envisioned to provide even higher bandwidth and connectivity through technologies that have not been fully developed yet. Each generation brings higher speeds and more advanced applications, but also faces challenges in areas like costs, bandwidth requirements, and developing technology standards.
This document provides an overview of 5G wireless technology, including its network architecture, hardware, software, vision, features, challenges and development stages. It compares 1G to 5G technologies and discusses usage patterns. Key concepts discussed include a unified global standard, ubiquitous computing using cognitive radio, and high altitude platform stations. The document outlines the METIS project and stages of 5G development in Europe, South Korea, and by companies such as Samsung, Huawei, and NTT DoCoMo.
Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a low power wide area network technology developed by 3GPP to enable connectivity for battery powered devices. It uses a narrow bandwidth of 200kHz within existing cellular spectrums to provide long battery life, support for many connected devices, and indoor coverage. NB-IoT can co-exist with 2G, 3G, and 4G networks and is expected to support over 3 billion connected devices by 2020 across various applications in industries like agriculture, healthcare, automotive and more. It operates with low data rates and focuses on enabling low cost, low power devices to wirelessly transmit infrequent small amounts of data over long distances.
ALPHA Intelligence is the exclusive agent of CORPRO anti-UAV system, which can do detecting and jamming of drones/UAV. frequency can be customized. welcome to contact Sophie for more technical details.
3G technology allows for higher call volumes, faster streaming media and supports multimedia applications like video calling, email and games. It provides data speeds up to 2Mbps, enabling video calling on mobile devices. While 3G improves bandwidth capabilities, further advances are still needed to realize its full potential for new mobile applications in the future.
Wireless phone standards have a life of their own. You can tell, because they are spoken of reverently in terms of generations. There's Great-Granddad, whose pioneering story pre-dates cellular; Grandma and Grandpa 1G, or analog cellular, Mom and Dad 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless, 4G, 5G and so on. This is a survey report on this technologies.
This document discusses the network architecture of 5G mobile technology. It begins with an introduction to 5G and its evolution from 1G to 5G wireless standards. It then describes the 5 layers of the 5G network architecture, including the physical, open wireless architecture, network, open transport, and application layers. Next, it covers the hardware and software aspects of 5G, such as its use of ultra wideband networks and code division multiple access. It concludes by discussing some key features, advantages and applications of 5G technology.
Apresentação Técnica - Infecções por Malware no BrasilTI Safe
The document summarizes two cases of malware infections in Brazilian steel industry automation networks. In the first case, the AHACK worm spread through an unsegmented network and compromised supervision of a power plant, causing production stops and losses. Countermeasures included disinfecting some systems, documenting emergency procedures, and banning unscreened removable media and modems. The second case involved a Conficker infection through an unprotected network architecture. Both incidents highlighted vulnerabilities in the networks and lack of security practices.
4G is the next generation of mobile networks projected to be deployed around 2010. It will provide speeds up to 100 Mbps for mobile users and 1 Gbps for stationary users. 4G will use new technologies like OFDM and MIMO for faster speeds and lower latency. It will allow for real-time mobile video calling and convergence of wireless and fixed networks through an all-IP infrastructure. 4G aims to provide broadband internet access to various devices anywhere through an always-on cellular network.
A presentation made at A 2-day Annual Symposium, organized by Electrical/Electronic Engineering Department, FUTO, at School of Engineering and Engineering Technology (SEET) Complex Auditorium, FUTO, Imo State. (August 18, 2016)
This presentation provides an overview of 4G wireless technology. It defines 4G as an IP-based heterogeneous network that allows users to securely access data from any device. Key features of 4G include increased data rates, bandwidth flexibility, improved spectrum efficiency, reduced latency, and seamless mobility. The presentation traces the history of cellular standards and discusses how Long Term Evolution (LTE) implements the 4G air interface using OFDMA and SC-FDMA. It also examines security needs in 4G like authentication and considers measures to address threats while keeping breaches local. The conclusion is that 4G will provide efficient and reliable wireless communication across networks but security development is ongoing to address new threats.
Advantages & disadvantages of 3g networkMuhib Zaman
Thus we see here that the disadvantages are more than the advantages of the 3G technologies from the service providers as well as from customer point of view. Also, it will cause to damage the existence of some businesses like cable operator business or 2G services. So, some of these may be kept in mind while we implement the 3G technology.
This document summarizes a presentation on 4G technology. It begins by outlining earlier wireless technologies like 1G, 2G, and 3G. It then defines 4G as characterized by high-speed data rates up to 100 Mbps for mobile users and 1 Gbps for stationary users. Key technologies that enable 4G are described like MIMO antennas, IPv6, VoIP, OFDM, and software-defined radio. Applications and advantages of 4G include support for multimedia, global access, and improved spectral efficiency. Challenges in fully realizing 4G capabilities are also discussed.
The document discusses the evolution of wireless communication technologies from 1G to 4G. It provides an overview of cellular networks and wireless local area networks. The key aspects of 3G wireless systems are described, including services provided and issues. 4G wireless is characterized as providing high speeds, customized services, and support for multimedia. The technologies, hardware, services, and expected user segments of 4G are outlined. Comparisons are made between requirements and technologies of 3G and 4G wireless systems.
Our ultimate goal is to communicate with any type of information with anyone, at anytime, from anywhere. This is possible with the aid of WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY.
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G technologies. 4G will be Convergence Platform providing clear advantages in terms of Coverage, Bandwidth, Power Consumption, variety Services ranging from Pop-Up advertisements to Location-Based services and IP Data casting ones.
The document discusses the evolution of wireless communication technologies from 0G to 5G. It describes the key features and technologies of each generation including higher bandwidth and data transfer speeds. 5G is expected to offer data rates up to 10 Gbps for dense urban environments using technologies like massive MIMO, cloud computing, and an all-IP platform. The goals of 5G include achieving 10 to 100 times higher typical user data rates than current technologies.
This document provides an overview of 5G technology. It begins with an introduction to 5G, noting that 5G networks will be able to handle data traffic that is 10,000 times greater than current 4G networks. It then discusses the expected experience with 5G including anticipated speeds of several hundred times faster than 4G. The document outlines the evolution from 1G to 5G mobile networks and provides a comparison table of their features. It describes the architecture and functional architecture of 5G including its use of IPv6 addresses. The document discusses the hardware, software, advantages, disadvantages and applications of 5G concluding that 5G will revolutionize wireless communication.
4G is the fourth generation of wireless network technology that will provide significantly higher data transmission speeds than 3G. 4G will be based entirely on IP packet switching and aims to provide transmission speeds of 20-100 Mbps for mobile users. It will utilize technologies like OFDM to maximize speed and minimize interference. 4G will allow for a wide range of applications including high quality video streaming to mobile devices and provide seamless connectivity for users on the go. Some challenges to implementing 4G networks include managing handoffs between networks, ensuring quality of service, and addressing security issues.
4G is a wireless system designed to provide high throughput and wide area coverage using a packet-switched network. It uses technologies like OFDM and UWB to achieve high data rates of up to 20 Mbps for mobile users traveling at speeds up to 200 km/hr. 4G will implement a single worldwide IP-based core network to provide uniform multimedia services across heterogeneous access networks. It aims to seamlessly integrate existing mobile technologies through an all-IP infrastructure for improved scalability to meet growing demands for wireless data.
5G is the short for fifth generation, a mobile broadband technology that is in the early stages of works and likely to be in place six to seven years from now.
A 5G network will be able to handle 10,000 times more call and data traffic than the current 3G or 4G network.
Data download speeds on 5G networks are likely to be several hundred times more than 4G.
5G mobile technology will change the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth.
4G is the 4th generation of mobile communication providing very high data transfer rates by coalescing WiMax and WiFi technologies. It allows HD data access over the internet without buffering and improves audio/video quality and gaming. Key 4G technologies include OFDMA, MIMO, IPv6, and software-defined radios. 4G networks use eNodeB, MME, and SGW components and provide higher bandwidth and faster response times than 3G. While promising improvements, 4G also faces challenges of higher costs and limited initial availability.
3G networks provide broadband capabilities for mobile devices, allowing users to access voice, video, graphics and other multimedia over their mobile phones. 3G networks evolved from previous 1G analog and 2G digital mobile networks. 3G networks use packet switching which splits data into packets that are transmitted and reassembled, allowing for higher speeds of up to 2 Mbps compared to previous technologies. 3G also enables new applications like web browsing and file transfer on mobile devices due to its increased bandwidth capabilities.
This document discusses the evolution of mobile phone technology from 0G to 6G. It provides details on the key features and technologies of each generation. 6G is described as providing terabit transmission speeds, zero distance connectivity, and availability in 2020. It will utilize technologies like smart antennas, ultra wideband radio, and fiber optic networks to allow for incredible data throughput and reduced lag for applications like gaming. The document concludes that 6G will be both user-centric and service-centric, representing the next step in connecting people worldwide through wireless networks.
After the read, you will learn about what are the differences between Lora vs Zigbee.
What is the result of Lora vs ZigBee?
ZigBee is a low-power local area network protocol based on the IEEE802.15.4 standard. Lora is one of the LPWAN communication technologies. Lora vs ZigBee, Which one is better?
In the following, we will discuss the LoRa vs ZigBee differences, Comprehensive analysis of the technology of LoRa vs ZigBee.
ZigBee is a wireless technology standard created for low-power wireless networks. It uses small, low-power digital radios to transmit data over short distances. ZigBee networks are commonly used in wireless control and monitoring applications that require long battery life, such as home automation and industrial control systems. ZigBee operates on open global standards and has low manufacturing costs, making it suitable for a wide range of wireless control and monitoring applications.
3G technology allows for higher call volumes, faster streaming media and supports multimedia applications like video calling, email and games. It provides data speeds up to 2Mbps, enabling video calling on mobile devices. While 3G improves bandwidth capabilities, further advances are still needed to realize its full potential for new mobile applications in the future.
Wireless phone standards have a life of their own. You can tell, because they are spoken of reverently in terms of generations. There's Great-Granddad, whose pioneering story pre-dates cellular; Grandma and Grandpa 1G, or analog cellular, Mom and Dad 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless, 4G, 5G and so on. This is a survey report on this technologies.
This document discusses the network architecture of 5G mobile technology. It begins with an introduction to 5G and its evolution from 1G to 5G wireless standards. It then describes the 5 layers of the 5G network architecture, including the physical, open wireless architecture, network, open transport, and application layers. Next, it covers the hardware and software aspects of 5G, such as its use of ultra wideband networks and code division multiple access. It concludes by discussing some key features, advantages and applications of 5G technology.
Apresentação Técnica - Infecções por Malware no BrasilTI Safe
The document summarizes two cases of malware infections in Brazilian steel industry automation networks. In the first case, the AHACK worm spread through an unsegmented network and compromised supervision of a power plant, causing production stops and losses. Countermeasures included disinfecting some systems, documenting emergency procedures, and banning unscreened removable media and modems. The second case involved a Conficker infection through an unprotected network architecture. Both incidents highlighted vulnerabilities in the networks and lack of security practices.
4G is the next generation of mobile networks projected to be deployed around 2010. It will provide speeds up to 100 Mbps for mobile users and 1 Gbps for stationary users. 4G will use new technologies like OFDM and MIMO for faster speeds and lower latency. It will allow for real-time mobile video calling and convergence of wireless and fixed networks through an all-IP infrastructure. 4G aims to provide broadband internet access to various devices anywhere through an always-on cellular network.
A presentation made at A 2-day Annual Symposium, organized by Electrical/Electronic Engineering Department, FUTO, at School of Engineering and Engineering Technology (SEET) Complex Auditorium, FUTO, Imo State. (August 18, 2016)
This presentation provides an overview of 4G wireless technology. It defines 4G as an IP-based heterogeneous network that allows users to securely access data from any device. Key features of 4G include increased data rates, bandwidth flexibility, improved spectrum efficiency, reduced latency, and seamless mobility. The presentation traces the history of cellular standards and discusses how Long Term Evolution (LTE) implements the 4G air interface using OFDMA and SC-FDMA. It also examines security needs in 4G like authentication and considers measures to address threats while keeping breaches local. The conclusion is that 4G will provide efficient and reliable wireless communication across networks but security development is ongoing to address new threats.
Advantages & disadvantages of 3g networkMuhib Zaman
Thus we see here that the disadvantages are more than the advantages of the 3G technologies from the service providers as well as from customer point of view. Also, it will cause to damage the existence of some businesses like cable operator business or 2G services. So, some of these may be kept in mind while we implement the 3G technology.
This document summarizes a presentation on 4G technology. It begins by outlining earlier wireless technologies like 1G, 2G, and 3G. It then defines 4G as characterized by high-speed data rates up to 100 Mbps for mobile users and 1 Gbps for stationary users. Key technologies that enable 4G are described like MIMO antennas, IPv6, VoIP, OFDM, and software-defined radio. Applications and advantages of 4G include support for multimedia, global access, and improved spectral efficiency. Challenges in fully realizing 4G capabilities are also discussed.
The document discusses the evolution of wireless communication technologies from 1G to 4G. It provides an overview of cellular networks and wireless local area networks. The key aspects of 3G wireless systems are described, including services provided and issues. 4G wireless is characterized as providing high speeds, customized services, and support for multimedia. The technologies, hardware, services, and expected user segments of 4G are outlined. Comparisons are made between requirements and technologies of 3G and 4G wireless systems.
Our ultimate goal is to communicate with any type of information with anyone, at anytime, from anywhere. This is possible with the aid of WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY.
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G technologies. 4G will be Convergence Platform providing clear advantages in terms of Coverage, Bandwidth, Power Consumption, variety Services ranging from Pop-Up advertisements to Location-Based services and IP Data casting ones.
The document discusses the evolution of wireless communication technologies from 0G to 5G. It describes the key features and technologies of each generation including higher bandwidth and data transfer speeds. 5G is expected to offer data rates up to 10 Gbps for dense urban environments using technologies like massive MIMO, cloud computing, and an all-IP platform. The goals of 5G include achieving 10 to 100 times higher typical user data rates than current technologies.
This document provides an overview of 5G technology. It begins with an introduction to 5G, noting that 5G networks will be able to handle data traffic that is 10,000 times greater than current 4G networks. It then discusses the expected experience with 5G including anticipated speeds of several hundred times faster than 4G. The document outlines the evolution from 1G to 5G mobile networks and provides a comparison table of their features. It describes the architecture and functional architecture of 5G including its use of IPv6 addresses. The document discusses the hardware, software, advantages, disadvantages and applications of 5G concluding that 5G will revolutionize wireless communication.
4G is the fourth generation of wireless network technology that will provide significantly higher data transmission speeds than 3G. 4G will be based entirely on IP packet switching and aims to provide transmission speeds of 20-100 Mbps for mobile users. It will utilize technologies like OFDM to maximize speed and minimize interference. 4G will allow for a wide range of applications including high quality video streaming to mobile devices and provide seamless connectivity for users on the go. Some challenges to implementing 4G networks include managing handoffs between networks, ensuring quality of service, and addressing security issues.
4G is a wireless system designed to provide high throughput and wide area coverage using a packet-switched network. It uses technologies like OFDM and UWB to achieve high data rates of up to 20 Mbps for mobile users traveling at speeds up to 200 km/hr. 4G will implement a single worldwide IP-based core network to provide uniform multimedia services across heterogeneous access networks. It aims to seamlessly integrate existing mobile technologies through an all-IP infrastructure for improved scalability to meet growing demands for wireless data.
5G is the short for fifth generation, a mobile broadband technology that is in the early stages of works and likely to be in place six to seven years from now.
A 5G network will be able to handle 10,000 times more call and data traffic than the current 3G or 4G network.
Data download speeds on 5G networks are likely to be several hundred times more than 4G.
5G mobile technology will change the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth.
4G is the 4th generation of mobile communication providing very high data transfer rates by coalescing WiMax and WiFi technologies. It allows HD data access over the internet without buffering and improves audio/video quality and gaming. Key 4G technologies include OFDMA, MIMO, IPv6, and software-defined radios. 4G networks use eNodeB, MME, and SGW components and provide higher bandwidth and faster response times than 3G. While promising improvements, 4G also faces challenges of higher costs and limited initial availability.
3G networks provide broadband capabilities for mobile devices, allowing users to access voice, video, graphics and other multimedia over their mobile phones. 3G networks evolved from previous 1G analog and 2G digital mobile networks. 3G networks use packet switching which splits data into packets that are transmitted and reassembled, allowing for higher speeds of up to 2 Mbps compared to previous technologies. 3G also enables new applications like web browsing and file transfer on mobile devices due to its increased bandwidth capabilities.
This document discusses the evolution of mobile phone technology from 0G to 6G. It provides details on the key features and technologies of each generation. 6G is described as providing terabit transmission speeds, zero distance connectivity, and availability in 2020. It will utilize technologies like smart antennas, ultra wideband radio, and fiber optic networks to allow for incredible data throughput and reduced lag for applications like gaming. The document concludes that 6G will be both user-centric and service-centric, representing the next step in connecting people worldwide through wireless networks.
After the read, you will learn about what are the differences between Lora vs Zigbee.
What is the result of Lora vs ZigBee?
ZigBee is a low-power local area network protocol based on the IEEE802.15.4 standard. Lora is one of the LPWAN communication technologies. Lora vs ZigBee, Which one is better?
In the following, we will discuss the LoRa vs ZigBee differences, Comprehensive analysis of the technology of LoRa vs ZigBee.
ZigBee is a wireless technology standard created for low-power wireless networks. It uses small, low-power digital radios to transmit data over short distances. ZigBee networks are commonly used in wireless control and monitoring applications that require long battery life, such as home automation and industrial control systems. ZigBee operates on open global standards and has low manufacturing costs, making it suitable for a wide range of wireless control and monitoring applications.
This document summarizes a research paper on a gas management and disaster system using ZigBee wireless technology. The system uses ZigBee sensors and controllers to monitor gas flow, pressure, temperature, smoke, and methane leaks. If any hazardous levels are detected, the ZigBee controller automatically shuts off the gas and triggers a warning. The system establishes a wireless network using ZigBee standards to automate safety devices and protect against gas leaks or fires. It provides both economic and health benefits for residential environments through remote monitoring capabilities.
After the analysis of LoRa vs ZigBee technologies, you will learn about what is the difference between LoRa and ZigBee technology.
In LoRa vs ZigBee technology, LoRa is a variety of wireless technologies for IoT applications, which can form a local area network or wide area network.
In LoRa vs ZigBee technology, ZigBee is a low-power local area network protocol based on IEEE802.15.4 standard.
In LoRa vs ZigBee technology, LoRa technology has the characteristics of long-range, low power consumption (long battery life), multi-node, and low cost.
In LoRa vs ZigBee technology, ZigBee technology has the characteristics of close range, low complexity, low power consumption, low rate, and low cost.
ZIGBEE TRANSMITTER FOR IOT WIRELESS DEVICESVLSICS Design
The rapid development in wireless networking has been witnessed in past several years, which aimed on high speed and long range applications. There are different protocol standards used for the short range wireless communication namely the Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wimax and Wi-Fi. Among these standards ZigBee is based on IEEE 802.15.4 protocol can meet a wider variety of real industrial needs due to its long-term battery operation and reliability of the mesh networking architecture. The increasing demand for low data rate and low power networking led to the development of ZigBee technology. This technology was developed for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN), directed at control and military applications, where low cost, low data rate, and more battery life were main requirements. This paper presents VerilogHDL simulation of the Top level module (Cyclic Redundancy Check, Bit-to-Symbol block, Symbol-to-Chip block, OQPSK block and Pulse shaping) of the ZigBee transmitter for IoT applications.
Zigbee Transmitter for IoT Wireless DevicesVLSICS Design
This document describes the design and implementation of a ZigBee transmitter for Internet of Things applications. It discusses the various components of the ZigBee transmitter including the cyclic redundancy check block, bit-to-symbol block, symbol-to-chip block, offset quadrature phase shift keying modulator, and pulse shaping block. It also provides details on the medium access control layer frame format and physical layer specifications that are used in the ZigBee transmitter design. The design is implemented in Verilog HDL and simulates the top level modules of the ZigBee transmitter.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the four major wireless technologies Wi-Fi Bluetooth ZigBee and Sub-GHz?
Now there are about 50 billion devices using the four major wireless technologies Wi-Fi Bluetooth ZigBee and Sub-GHz wireless communication methods.
According to data from the GSM Consortium, mobile handhelds and personal computers account for only 1/4 of these devices, and the rest are autonomous interconnected devices that use non-user interaction to communicate with other machines.
At present, our Internet is rapidly developing into a World Wide Web - Internet of Things (IoT) with the interconnection of four major wireless technologies: Wi-Fi Bluetooth ZigBee and Sub-GHz wireless devices.
Wi-Fi Bluetooth ZigBee and Sub-GHz wireless network technology core features and capabilities
Wi-Fi is a communication technology based on a 2.4GHz band, which is good at transmitting large amounts of data quickly between two nodes, but at the same time consumes high energy and limits each AP to no more than 15-32 clients in a star configuration.
Bluetooth is another 2.4GHz technology, which is targeted at portable devices and is mainly used as a point-to-point solution, supporting only a few nodes.
ZigBee shares the same wireless spectrum as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, but is only used to meet the specific needs of low-power wireless sensor nodes.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the four major wireless technologies Wi-Fi Bluetooth ZigBee and Sub-GHz?
Now there are about 50 billion devices using the four major wireless technologies Wi-Fi Bluetooth ZigBee and Sub-GHz wireless communication methods.
According to data from the GSM Consortium, mobile handhelds and personal computers account for only 1/4 of these devices, and the rest are autonomous interconnected devices that use non-user interaction to communicate with other machines.
At present, our Internet is rapidly developing into a World Wide Web - Internet of Things (IoT) with the interconnection of four major wireless technologies: Wi-Fi Bluetooth ZigBee and Sub-GHz wireless devices.
ZigBee is a wireless technology designed for low-power, short-range communication in personal area networks. It operates on various frequency bands and defines communication protocols for sensor and control networks. The document discusses ZigBee's architecture, protocol stack, topologies, algorithms, applications and compares it to other wireless technologies like Bluetooth. It also covers ZigBee's advantages like low power usage, large network capacity and ease of deployment as well as limitations such as low data rates and shorter ranges.
ZigBee is a wireless technology designed for low-power, short-range communication in personal area networks. It operates on various frequency bands globally. The document discusses ZigBee technology, including its architecture, protocol stack, topologies, algorithms, applications, and future scope. ZigBee aims to provide a low-cost, low-power wireless solution for monitoring and control applications.
ZigBee is a wireless technology designed for low-power, short-range communication in personal area networks. It operates on various frequency bands and defines communication protocols for sensor and control networks. The document discusses ZigBee's architecture, protocols, topologies, algorithms and applications in monitoring and control. It compares ZigBee to other wireless standards like Bluetooth and outlines its advantages like low power usage, large network capacity and ease of deployment.
This document is a project proposal for implementing wireless data communication using Zigbee technology. It discusses using Zigbee modules to encrypt data from a keypad, transmit it wirelessly between two PCs up to 70 meters away, then decrypt and display the data. The objectives are to provide reliable and secure data transmission with low power consumption. Zigbee is suitable because it supports mesh networking, low data rates, long battery life, and security. The proposal reviews related work using Zigbee in wireless sensor networks for agriculture and discusses how Zigbee can benefit applications in hospitals, homes, and industry. The scope is limited to transmitting encrypted data between two PCs using Zigbee modules.
Zigbee is an open standard wireless protocol used for creating low-power, low-cost personal area networks. It operates on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and is commonly used in home automation and industrial control applications. A Zigbee network consists of end devices, routers, and a single coordinator node. It uses mesh networking topologies to route data between devices to extend network coverage. Key features include low power consumption, short range, low data rates, security, and reliability through redundant paths. Common applications are in home automation, medical data collection, industrial control, and smart metering.
After the read, you will learn about the simple results of the wireless technology comparisons, the 5 comparisons of IoT networking technologies NB-IoT, LoRa, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth.
What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the Internet where everything is connected. There is another way to say it: the Internet of Everything.
Zigbee is a wireless communication standard used for home automation and industrial applications. It allows for low-cost, low-power wireless mesh networks that can connect various electronics like lighting, HVAC, sensors and more. There are three device types in Zigbee - coordinators, routers and end devices. Zigbee uses star, tree and mesh topologies to connect devices in a network. It operates in the 2.4GHz band and uses low power for long battery life, making it suitable for wireless control and sensor applications. Zigbee is expected to be widely used for home automation, smart metering and smart grid applications in the future.
This document provides an overview of zigbee technology. It discusses the history and introduction of zigbee, the different device types in a zigbee network including coordinators, routers, and end devices. It describes how zigbee works using different topologies like star, tree, and mesh. It discusses the layers of zigbee including the physical, MAC, and network/application support layers. Examples are given of uses in home automation, smart metering, and smart grids. The conclusion states that zigbee is well-suited for low data rate, low power wireless applications and will continue growing in the future for uses in homes and industries.
ZigBee is a wireless communication standard that uses small, low-power digital radios to transmit data over short distances. It is intended to be simpler and cheaper than other wireless personal area network (WPAN) technologies like Bluetooth. The ZigBee standard defines protocols for sensing, monitoring and control applications that require transmission of small data packets over longer battery life and secure networking. The document discusses ZigBee's low-power and low-cost characteristics that make it suitable for wireless sensor networks. It also describes ZigBee's network topologies, frame structure, security features and other technical specifications.
In this presentation, we embark on a journey through the evolution of cellular networks, tracing their roots from 1G to the current pinnacle of technology, 5G. We delve into the intricacies of 5G, exploring its foundational principles, technical workings, and the myriad advantages it brings, from lightning-fast data speeds to enabling groundbreaking applications in augmented reality, the Internet of Things, and beyond. However, no exploration of 5G is complete without addressing concerns and misconceptions. We confront conspiracy theories surrounding 5G, including alleged health risks and unfounded associations with the COVID-19 pandemic. By the end, participants will gain a holistic understanding of 5G's transformative potential, appreciating its benefits while dispelling myths that may cloud its advancement.
This document provides an overview of Zigbee wireless technology. It discusses that Zigbee is an open global standard for wireless personal area networks designed for low data rate, low power consumption applications. It then covers the objectives, literature survey, how Zigbee works including topology, layers and block diagram. The advantages are listed as long battery life, remote management capabilities. Limitations include lack of security and cost of replacement. Applications discussed are home automation, wireless sensor networks, industrial control and medical data collection. The conclusion states there is increasing demand for Zigbee applications and it provides low power specifications for wireless devices.
IRJET- 5G Evolution & Innovation with its Applications for Future Wireless Ne...IRJET Journal
The document discusses 5G technology and its applications. It provides an overview of 5G including key enabling technologies like millimeter wave, small cells, carrier aggregation, and network slicing. 5G networks are expected to deliver significantly higher speeds and lower latency compared to 4G. The document outlines several potential applications of 5G including enabling smart city infrastructure, autonomous vehicles, and reshaping the broadband internet landscape through 5G fixed wireless access.
Similar to Comparison of 5 Wireless Communication Technologies (20)
What are drone anti-jamming systems?
The drone anti-jamming systems and anti-spoof technology protect against interference, jamming, and spoofing of the UAVs.
To protect their security, countries are beginning to research drone anti-jamming systems, also known as drone strike weapons. The anti-jam and anti-spoof technology protects against interference, jamming and spoofing. A drone strike weapon is a drone attack weapon that can attack and destroy enemy drones.
So what is so unique about this amazing system?
LPWA - Low power wide area, short for low power wide area technology, using lower power consumption to achieve long-distance wireless signal transmission.
Compared with the familiar low-power Bluetooth (BLE), Zigbee and Wifi technologies, LPWA has a much longer transmission distance, generally at the kilometre level, and its link budget (link budget) can reach 160dBm, while BLE and Zigbee are generally below 100dBm.
Compared with traditional cellular network technologies (2G, 3G), LPWA has lower power consumption, and battery-powered devices can last for several years. Based on these two distinctive features, LPWA can truly enable the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution.
LPWAN - Low power wide area network, i.e. a wireless connection network built with LPWA technology, LPWAN can be connected in various forms.
After reading the Top 14 IoT Trends to Emerge in 2023 article, you will learn about what the 14 IoT Trends will be happening.
What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of connected devices, digital machines, and users with unique identifiers and network transportability that eliminates the need for human-to-human or human-to-machine interaction.
IoT is an important part of the new generation of information technology. Unlike the Internet, the main application objects of IoT are some physical devices, such as vehicles, home appliances, buildings, etc.
By embedding electronic software, sensors and some network connection devices in these physical devices, the exchange of data between devices can be realized, thus establishing a set of interconnected networks.
According to statistics, more than 43 billion devices are currently expected to be connected to the IoT worldwide, which will generate, share, collect and help people use data in a variety of ways.
The 14 most important IoT trends
Here are the 14 most important IoT trends that will change the world in 2023.
The principle and characteristics of GSM and NB-IoT
In this paper, we first analyze the principle and characteristics of GSM and NB-IoT, study the NB-IoT coverage enhancement methods, and compare and analyze the coverage capability of GSM and NB-IoT.
Each cell has a number of carrier frequencies, and each carrier frequency has eight-time slots, which means that eight basic physical channels are provided. In the wireless subsystem, the physical channels support the logical channels, and the physical channels are mapped to different logical channels according to the types of messages transmitted on the physical channels.
NB-IoT WiKi
NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) is a low-power technology designed for Internet of Things (IoT) applications and other low-data rate communication requirements.
It uses narrowband radio spectrum and advanced power management techniques to efficiently utilize the available spectrum and extend the battery life of IoT devices.
NB-IoT is based on LTE cellular wireless technology and has been standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as the global wireless communication standard for IoT applications.
LoRa Alliance Extends LoRaWAN Standard to Support the Internet of Things Applications
The LoRa Alliance Extends LoRaWAN Standard to Support IoT Applications by adding TS013-1.0.0, an application programming interface (API) for application payload decoder-encoders (codecs).
The LoRa Alliance reported it on October 25, 2022. The consortium is the global association supporting the Internet of Things (IoT), Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) open LoRaWAN standard.
Adopting the new TS013-1.0.0 specification will allow device manufacturers and application service providers to reduce deployment complexity. This will make it easier and faster to deploy LoRaWAN devices.
After the read, you will know, what is a private 5G network and how a 5G private network works.
What is a private 5G network?
A private 5G network is a wireless network that uses the 5G mobile networking standard and is owned and operated by a single organization, rather than a commercial telecommunications provider. Private 5G networks are often set up for use by a specific business or organization and can be used to provide secure and reliable wireless connectivity for a variety of applications, such as industrial automation, remote monitoring, and more.
Unlike public 5G networks, which are available to anyone with a compatible device, private 5G networks are typically only accessible to authorized users.
A private 5G network is a local area network (LAN) that uses 5G technology to create a private network with unified connectivity, optimized services, and a secure way of communicating within a specific area.
The concept of a Private Network has been around for a long time. In contrast to public networks, which are primarily intended for the general public, private networks exist primarily to address specific industries/needs. The difference between a public network and a private network is that a public network serves the general public, while a private network serves a specific audience.
This article comprehensively explains low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology for IoT.
IoT communication technologies are divided into two categories: short-range wireless LAN and low-power wireless WAN (LPWAN), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, etc. are belong to short-range wireless LAN.
LPWAN is mainly used in long-range, low-bandwidth, low-power, and many connection needs of IoT application scenarios, the hottest LoRa in the market in recent years is the most representative technology in LPWAN. LoRa is the most representative technology in LPWAN.
Non-cellular low-power IoT technology solves the problem of large-scale and wide-coverage network connectivity for IoT applications, which makes up for the shortage of traditional cellular technology and promotes the application of IoT and large-scale deployment. Low-power wide-area networks will carry the burden of communication network economies of scale in the future IoT era.
What is wireless 5G LAN?
5G LAN is a LAN built in a 5G network, through which a LAN with mobility can be assembled to meet production and office needs. 5G LAN has the benefit of cross-territory mobility, so even if two people are thousands of miles apart, they can still set up a LAN to achieve Layer 2 and 3 interoperability.
Simply put, 5G LAN uses 5G technology to group and build groups of terminals to form a LAN network. When using 5G cell phones, have you ever noticed that even if you and your friends are close together (even face to face), your phone cannot search each other? You can communicate with each other because the data flow to the carrier or Internet service provider's server around the circle.
What is an internal antenna?
What is an external antenna?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, What are the difference features?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, What are the advantages and disadvantages of the internal and external antenna?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, What are the differences between them?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna in wireless transceiver modules, What are the main antennas used?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, Which signal is better?
Internal antenna vs. external antenna router
Internal antenna vs. external antenna technical requirements
Internal antenna vs. external antenna, how to choose the suitable antenna?
The Yagi Antenna design is one of the most brilliant antenna designs. How to make a 433MHz Yagi antenna design for a long-range? Is it easy to DIY a Yagi antenna?
DIY Yagi antenna design program
Yagi antenna design is mainly based on the gain requirements after selecting the number of antenna elements, determining the length of each element, and the distance between the elements and other parameters.
Here are the 7 steps of the Yagi antenna design program.
55 Different Types of Antennas With Examples Used in Wireless Communication.pdfAntenna Manufacturer Coco
After the read about these 55 different types of antennas, you will learn about the different types of antennas with examples and their use.
As an important part of wireless communication systems, the antenna plays an irreplaceable role. In our life, there are many types of wireless communication requirements, such as long-distance wireless communication, short-distance wireless communication, satellite wireless communication, microwave wireless communication, cell phone wireless communication, point-to-point wireless communication, point-to-face wireless communication, and so on.
Different wireless communications requirements correspond to the use of different types of antenna wireless communication frequency bands, and different wireless communication systems, so it is necessary to use different types of antennas.
The design and selection of different types of antennas are an important part of designing a wireless transceiver for RF systems. A good RF wireless antenna system can make the communication distance the best state. The size of the same type of antenna is proportional to the wavelength of the RF signal. The lower the signal frequency, the larger the antenna needed.
After the read of WiFi vs. Cellular, Is WiFi Better Than Cellular? You will know:
WiFi vs. Cellular, What is the difference between WiFi and cellular?
WiFi vs. Cellular, Is Wi-Fi better than cellular?
WiFi vs. Cellular, What is a cellular network?
WiFi vs. Cellular, What is a Wi-Fi network?
WiFi vs. Cellular applications
5G WiFi vs. cellular 5G, What is the difference between a 5G network and a 5G WiFi?
Which is better, Wifi or mobile data cellular network?
The important differences between WiFi and cellular networks
Apple watch Wifi vs. cellular, What is the difference between cellular and Wi-Fi Apple Watch?
Wifi Ipad vs. cellular, Is Ipad cellular worth it?
Apple watch Wifi vs. cellular, What is the difference between cellular and Wi-Fi Apple Watch?
Wifi vs. cellular data, Which one do you prefer?
This article takes you through the mobile networks' evolution from 1G to 5G.
The long road of mobile networks' evolution from 1G to 5G.
In the past few years, we have seen the rise of mobile networks. From "1G to 2G, 3G, 4G, and now 5G", the whole process of mobile networks' evolution from 1G to 5G has taken about 30 years.
In the past few years, the web has evolved so much that it's hard to compare it to anything else in this world of web technology. Let's go straight back in time, to 1G where it all began.
After the read, you will know:
What is DTU (Data Transfer unit)?
What is DTU's development history?
What is DTU's working principle?
What is DTU's functional configuration?
What is DTU’s Advantage?
What is DTU's core function?
What is DTU’s extension function?
What is DTU's application?
Application examples of DTU's 7 major industries
What is DTU (Data Transfer unit)?
DTU (Data Transfer unit) is a wireless terminal device specially designed to convert serial data to IP data or convert IP data to serial data for transmission through wireless communication networks. DTU is widely used in meteorology, hydrology and water conservancy, geology, and other industries.
After the read, you will know:
What is a DTU?
What is a DTU’s role?
What is a DTU’s working principle?
What is a DTU product type?
What is a DTU application?
What is the role of 4G DTU?
What is a DTU?
DTU is the abbreviation of Data Terminal Unit (DTU). In a broader sense, the module unit responsible for sending data information at both ends of the transmission link is called DTU, which is responsible for format conversion and data collation, and verification of the transmitted information;
In a narrower sense, DTU generally refers to the lower GSM/UMTS transmitting terminal equipment in wireless communication.
DTU is a kind of wireless terminal equipment specially used to convert serial data into IP data or convert IP data into serial data for transmission through a wireless communication network, which is widely used in meteorology, hydrology and water conservancy, geology, and other industries.
Smart agriculture refers to the use of information technology in farming to intelligently control the whole industrial chain of agricultural production, operation, management, and service, so as to achieve high quality, high efficiency, safety, and controllability of agricultural production. China attaches great importance to the development of smart agriculture, and the development of smart agriculture is the only way to realize modern agriculture.
After the read this What is the Difference Between LTE and Wifi article, you will know:
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network technology;
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network coverage capability;
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network wireless capacity;
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network terminal situation;
What is the difference between LTE and wifi network traffic billing;
Etc.
This article talks about Wifi vs LTE technology, what is the difference between Wi-Fi and LTE?
Over the years, the Internet has become increasingly important in our daily lives. Mobile broadband Cellular / LTE and Wi-Fi can be used to access the Internet and perform activities that require a data connection.
This article talks about the 7 common positioning technologies comparison, GPS positioning, Beidou positioning, base station positioning, Bluetooth positioning, WI-FI positioning, UWB positioning, and RFID positioning comparison.
FREE A4 Cyber Security Awareness Posters-Social Engineering part 3Data Hops
Free A4 downloadable and printable Cyber Security, Social Engineering Safety and security Training Posters . Promote security awareness in the home or workplace. Lock them Out From training providers datahops.com
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
Comparison of 5 Wireless Communication Technologies
1. C&T RF Antennas Inc
https://ctrfantennasinc.com/ https://lcantennas.com/ https://pcbantennas.com/
coco@ctrfantennasinc.com
Please Contact us for more information, thank you.
Coco Lu (+86)13412239096
Comparison of 5 Wireless Communication Technologies
This article is about the comparison of 5 kinds of wireless communication technologies, namely
Zigbee, Bluetooth, UWB, Wi-Fi, NFC technology.
ZigBee technology in wireless communication technologies
Bluetooth technology in wireless communication technologies
UWB technology in wireless communication technologies
Wi-Fi technology in wireless communication technologies
NFC technology in wireless communication technologies
The relationship of the 5 wireless communication technologies
With the development of electronic technology and computer technology, wireless
communication technologies have flourished in recent years, and various standard wireless data
transmission standards have emerged, each of the wireless communication technologies has its
own advantages and disadvantages and different applications.
The 5 wireless communication technologies
ZigBee technology in wireless communication technologies
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Introduction to ZigBee technology in wireless communication technologies
ZigBee is a low-power personal area network protocol based on the IEEE802.15.4 standard.
According to the technology specified in this protocol is a short-range, low-power wireless
communication technology. Its characteristics are proximity, low complexity, self-organization,
low power consumption, low data rate, and low cost. It is mainly suitable for automatic control
and remote control fields and can be embedded in various devices.
ZigBee is a highly reliable wireless data transmission network, similar to CDMA and GSM
networks. ZigBee data transmission module is similar to a mobile network base station. The
communication distance ranges from the standard 75m to hundreds of meters and kilometers
and supports unlimited expansion.
ZigBee is a wireless data transmission network platform composed of up to 65,000 wireless data
transmission modules. Each ZigBee network data transmission module can communicate with
each other throughout the network range, and the distance between each network node can be
infinitely extended from the standard 75m.
Unlike CDMA network or GSM network of mobile communication, ZigBee network is mainly
established for industrial field automation control data transmission, thus, it must be simple, easy
to use, reliable working, and low price.
While the mobile communication network is mainly established for voice communication, the
value of each base station is usually more than one million RMB, while each ZigBee base station
is less than 1000 RMB.
Each ZigBee network node can not only act as a monitoring object itself, such as its connected
sensors for direct data collection and monitoring but also automatically relay the data
information transmitted by other network nodes.
In addition, each Zigbee network node (FFD) can also be wirelessly connected to multiple isolated
sub-nodes (RFD) that do not undertake the task of relaying network information within the range
of their own signal coverage.
ZigBee architecture features
ZigBee protocol layers from bottom to top are entity layer (PHY), media access layer (MAC),
network layer (NWK), application layer (APL), etc. The roles of network devices can be divided
into three types, such as ZigBeeCoordinator, ZigBeeRouter, and ZigBeeEndDevice.
ZigBee technology advantages
Low power consumption
In low-power standby mode, two 5 dry batteries can support a node to work for 6 to 24 months,
or even longer. This is the outstanding advantage of ZigBee.
In comparison, Bluetooth can work for weeks, WiFi can work for hours. Now, TI and Germany's
Micropelt company jointly launched a new energy ZigBee node. The node uses Micropelt's
thermoelectric generator to provide power to TI's ZigBee.
Low cost
By significantly simplifying the protocol (less than 1/10 of Bluetooth), it reduces the requirements
of the communication controller, as measured by the predictive analysis, with 8051's 8-bit
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microcontroller, a fully functional master node requires 32KB of code, with sub-functional nodes
as little as 4KB of code, and ZigBee is free of protocol royalties. The price of each chip is about 2
USD.
Low rate
ZigBee works at a lower rate of 20 to 250 kbps, providing raw data throughput rates of 250 kbps
(2.4 GHz), 40 kbps (915 MHz), and 20 kbps (868 MHz), respectively, to meet the needs of low-rate
data transmission applications.
Proximity
The transmission range is generally between 10 and 100 meters and can be increased to 1 to 3
km after increasing the RF transmit power. This refers to the distance between adjacent nodes. If
the relay is by routing and inter-node communication, the transmission distance will be able to
go further.
Short-time delay
ZigBee's response speed is faster, generally from sleep to working state only 15 ms, node
connection into the network only 30 ms, further saving power. In comparison, Bluetooth takes
3-10s, WiFi takes 3s.
High capacity
ZigBee can adopt star, slice, and mesh network structure, with a master node managing several
sub-nodes, and at most one master node can manage 254 sub-nodes; at the same time, the
master node can also be managed by the upper layer of network nodes, which can form a large
network of up to 65000 nodes.
High security
ZigBee provides three levels of security modes, including no security settings, the use of access
control lists (ACL) to prevent illegal access to data, and symmetric cryptography with advanced
encryption standards (AES 128) to flexibly determine its security attributes.
License-free frequency band
Uses direct sequence spread spectrum in the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band, 2.4 GHz
(worldwide), 915 MHz (US), and 868 MHz (Europe).
ZigBee technology performance analysis in wireless communication technologies
The data rate is relatively low, only 250Kb/S in the 2.4GHz band, and this is only the rate on the
link, in addition to the consumption of the channel competition to answer and retransmission,
etc., the real rate can be used by the application may be less than 100Kb / S, and the remaining
rate may be adjacent to multiple nodes and multiple applications of the same node to divide, so
it is not suitable for things like video.
In terms of reliability, ZigBee has many aspects to ensure. The physical layer uses spread
spectrum technology, which can resist interference to some extent, and the MAC application
layer (the APS part) has an answer retransmission function.
The CSMA mechanism in the MAC layer enables nodes to listen to the channel before sending,
which can play a role in avoiding interference. When the ZigBee network is interfered with by the
outside world and cannot work properly, the whole network can dynamically switch to another
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working channel.
Time delay because ZigBee uses random access MAC layer, and does not support time division
multiplexing channel access, so it cannot well support some real-time services.
Energy consumption characteristics are a technical advantage of ZigBee. Usually, the application
data rate carried by ZigBee nodes is relatively low.
When communication is not required, the node can enter a very low-power hibernation state,
when energy consumption may be only one-thousandth of the normal working state.
Since in general, the hibernation time accounts for most of the total operating time, sometimes
less than one percent of the normal working time, thus achieving a very high energy-saving
effect.
Networking and rout ability, network layer characteristics.
ZigBee large-scale networking capabilities: 65000 nodes per network Bluetooth, 8 nodes per
network.
Because ZigBee uses the direct expansion technology, if the non-beacon mode, the network can
be expanded greatly, because it does not need to synchronize and the process of nodes joining
and rejoining the network is very fast, usually within 1 second, or even faster. Bluetooth usually
takes 3 seconds.
In terms of routing, ZigBee supports highly reliable mesh network routing, so a wide range of
networks can be arranged, and supports multicast and broadcast features, which can bring
powerful support to rich applications.
ZigBee technology in wireless communication technologies Prospect
ZigBee is not intended to compete with Bluetooth or other existing standards, it is targeted at
specific markets where existing systems do not yet meet their needs, and it has a broad
application outlook.
The ZigBee Alliance predicts that in the next four to five years, there will be 50 ZigBee devices per
household, and eventually 150 per household.
Its application areas mainly include the below
Home and building networks: temperature control of air conditioning systems, automatic control
of lighting, automatic control of curtains, gas metering control, remote control of household
appliances, etc.
Industrial control: automatic control of various monitors and sensors
Commercial: smart tags, etc.
Public places: smoke detectors, etc.
Agricultural control: Collection of various soil information and climate information
Medical: Emergency pagers and medical sensors for the elderly and people with limited mobility,
etc.
Bluetooth technology in wireless communication technologies
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Introduction of Bluetooth technology in wireless communication technologies
Bluetooth is a radio technology that supports short-range communication (generally within 10m)
of devices. It can exchange information wirelessly between many devices including cell phones,
PDAs, wireless headsets, laptops, and related peripherals.
Using Bluetooth technology, it can effectively simplify the communication between mobile
communication terminal devices and also successfully simplify the communication between
devices and the Internet, thus data transmission becomes more rapid and efficient and widens
the path for wireless communication.
Bluetooth uses decentralized network structure and fast frequency hopping and short packet
technology to support point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication and works in the
2.4GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band, which is commonly used worldwide. Its data
rate is 1Mbps, and it uses a time-division duplex transmission scheme to achieve full-duplex
transmission.
Bluetooth technology is an open global specification for wireless data and voice communications,
based on a low-cost, close-range wireless connection to create a special connection for fixed and
mobile device communication environments. Its program is written on a 9 x 9 mm microchip.
Bluetooth operates in the global 2.4 GHz ISM (i.e. Industrial, Scientific, Medical) frequency band.
The data rate of Bluetooth is 1Mb/s. The time division duplex transmission scheme is used to
achieve full-duplex transmission. IEEE802.15 protocol is used.
The ISM band is a band open to all radio systems, so any use of one of these bands will encounter
unpredictable sources of interference. For example, certain appliances, cordless phones, car door
openers, microwave ovens, etc., can be sources of interference. For this reason, Bluetooth is
specially designed with a fast confirmation and frequency hopping scheme to ensure link
stability.
Frequency hopping technology is divided into a number of frequency hopping channels (hop
channel), in a connection, the radio transceiver according to a certain code sequence (that is, a
certain law, technically called pseudo-random code, is a false random code) constantly jump from
one channel to another channel, only the transmitter and receiver are communicating according
to this law, and other interference is not possible according to the same law interference;
The instantaneous bandwidth of frequency hopping is very narrow, but this narrow bandwidth is
expanded into wideband hundreds of times through extended-spectrum technology so that the
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possible effects of interference become very small.
The use of FEC (Forward Error Correction) suppresses random noise over long-distance links.
Frequency hopping transceivers with binary frequency modulation (FM) technology are used to
suppress interference and prevent fading.
The Bluetooth baseband protocol is a combination of circuit switching and packet switching.
Synchronized packets can be transmitted in a reserved time slot, each packet is sent at a different
frequency.
A packet nominally occupies a one-time slot, but can actually be extended to occupy up to
five-time slots. Bluetooth can support asynchronous data channels, up to three simultaneous
synchronous voice channels, and one channel for both asynchronous data and synchronous
voice.
Each voice channel supports a 64kb/s synchronous voice link. The asynchronous channel can
support a maximum rate of 721kb/s at one end and 57.6kb/s at the other end for asymmetric
connections, or 433.9kb/s for symmetric connections.
Advantages of Bluetooth technology in wireless communication technologies
Globally available
The Bluetooth wireless technology specification is available free of charge to our member
companies worldwide. Manufacturers in many industries are actively implementing this
technology in their products to reduce the use of patchy wires, enable seamless connectivity,
stream stereo sound, transmit data or communicate by voice.
Bluetooth technology operates in the 2.4 GHz band, an industrial, scientific, medical (ISM) radio
band that does not require a license. Because of this, there are no fees to use Bluetooth
technology. However, you must register with your cellular provider to use GSM or CDMA, and you
do not need to pay anything for using Bluetooth technology other than the cost of the
equipment.
Range of devices
Bluetooth technology is being used more than ever, with products integrating the technology
ranging from cell phones and cars to medical devices, and by users ranging from consumers to
industrial markets to enterprises.
Low power, small size, and low-cost silicon solutions allow Bluetooth technology to be used in
even the smallest of devices. See the full range of products offered by our members in the
Bluetooth product catalog and component product list.
Ease of use
Bluetooth technology is an instant technology that requires no fixed infrastructure and is easy to
install and set up. You don't need cables to connect.
It's also effortless for new users; you just need to have a Bluetooth-branded product, check the
available profiles, and connect it to another Bluetooth device using the same profile.
The subsequent PIN process is as easy as if you were at an ATM machine. You can take your
personal local area network (PAN) with you when you go out and even connect to other
networks.
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Worldwide specifications
Bluetooth wireless technology is the most widely supported, feature-rich, and secure wireless
standard on the market today. A worldwide qualification process tests members' products for
compliance with the standard.
In total, more than 4,000 companies have become members of the Bluetooth Special Interest
Group (SIG) since the Bluetooth specification was released in 1999. At the same time, the
number of Bluetooth products on the market has grown exponentially and rapidly.
Applications of Bluetooth in wireless communication technologies
Home
The modern home is different from the old one in many ways. With the help of modern
technology, more and more people are working from home, and their lives are more casual and
efficient.
Bluetooth devices not only make working from home easier but also make home entertainment
more convenient: users can wirelessly control audio files stored on a PC or Apple iPod from up to
30 feet away.
Bluetooth technology can also be used in adapters that allow people to send photos from their
cameras, phones, laptops to TVs to share with friends.
Work
The use of Bluetooth technology can solve the clutter of an office environment.
Bluetooth-enabled devices can create their own instant networks, allowing users to share
presentations or other files without compatibility or email access limitations.
Bluetooth devices make it easy to hold group meetings, talk to other offices over a wireless
network, and transfer ideas from a dry-erase whiteboard to a computer.
En route
People often travel between workplaces, homes, and other destinations, and Bluetooth
technology provides the ability to access important information or communications on the go
with personal connectivity.
Bluetooth-enabled cell phones, PDAs, laptops, headsets, and cars enable hands-free
communication on the go, allowing users to stay connected to the Internet while out of range of
a hotspot or wired broadband connection, and to synchronize contacts and calendar entries
between PCs and mobile devices to access important information.
Bluetooth in-car multimedia system use
Many cars now have in-car multimedia information systems that support Bluetooth access, and
can support up to 10 groups of Bluetooth pairing, including smartphones, tablets, and
multimedia players.
Entertainment
Bluetooth wireless technology is the only technology that can truly enable wireless
entertainment. It will soon be possible to use wireless headphones to conveniently enjoy music
from an MP3 player, drive a car, or play in a park with wires. Sending photos to a printer or a
friend's phone is also very simple.
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UWB technology in wireless communication technologies
Introduction of UWB technology in wireless communication technologies
UWB (Ultra Wideband) is a carrierless communication technology that uses nanoseconds to
microsecond non-sine wave narrow pulses to transmit data. Some people call it a revolutionary
advance in the field of radio and believe that it will become the mainstream technology for future
short-range wireless communications.
UWB (Ultra-Wideband) ultra-wideband, in the beginning, is the use of pulse radio technology.
UWB modulation using pulse width in the ns level of fast-rising and falling pulses, pulse coverage
of the spectrum from dc to GHz, without the RF frequency conversion required for conventional
narrowband modulation, pulse shaping can be sent directly to the antenna to transmit.
The pulse peak-to-peak time interval is in the order of 10 - 100 ps. The UWB signal is sparsely
distributed in the time axis and its power spectral density is quite low, and the RF can transmit
multiple UWB signals simultaneously. Unlike conventional wireless systems that convert
baseband signals to radiofrequency (RF), UWB can be considered a baseband propagation
scheme over RF and can achieve data rates of 100 Mb/s at very low spectral densities in
buildings.
To further increase data rates, UWB applies ultra-short baseband-rich GHz-level spectrum using a
secure signaling method (Intriguing Signaling Method). Based on the broad spectrum of UWB,
the FCC announced in 2002 that UWB could be used for precision ranging, metal detection,
next-generation WLAN, and wireless communications. To protect the GPS, navigation, and
military communication bands, UWB is limited to 3.1 - 10.6 GHz and below 41 dB transmit power.
Technology Principles of UWB in wireless communication technologies
The most basic working principle of UWB technology is to transmit and receive Gaussian
single-period ultra-short-time pulses with strictly controlled pulse intervals. The ultra-short-time
single-period pulses determine a wide bandwidth of the signal, and the receiver directly converts
the pulse sequence into a baseband signal using a one-stage front-end cross-correlator,
eliminating the need for an IF stage in traditional communication equipment and greatly reducing
equipment complexity.
UWB technology uses pulse-position modulated PPM single-cycle pulses to carry information and
channel coding, generally operating at pulse widths of 0.1-1.5 ns (1 nanosecond = 100 millionths
of a second) and repetition periods of 25-1000 ns.
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Strong energy spikes appear in the spectrum due to the dispersion of the spectrum caused by the
periodic nature of the signal repetition in the time domain. These spikes will interfere with
conventional radio equipment and signals, and this very regular pulse sequence carries little
useful information. Changing the periodicity of the time domain can reduce such spikes, i.e., by
using pulse position modulation PPM.
Characteristics of UWB technology in wireless communication technologies
Unlike conventional wireless systems with relatively narrow bandwidths such as Bluetooth and
WLAN, UWB can send a series of very narrow low-power pulses over a wide frequency. The wider
spectrum, lower power, and pulsed data mean that UWB causes less interference than traditional
narrowband wireless solutions and can provide performance comparable to wired in indoor
wireless environments.
UWB has the following characteristics.
High interference immunity
UWB uses a time-hopping spread spectrum signal, and the system has a large processing gain,
dispersing the weak radio pulse signal over a wide frequency band at transmitting, with an
output power even lower than the noise generated by ordinary equipment. When receiving, the
signal energy is restored and the spreading gain is generated in the process of despreading.
Therefore, compared with IEEE802.11a, IEEE802.11b, and Bluetooth, UWB has stronger
anti-interference performance under the same code speed condition. The transmission rate is
high, and the data rate of UWB can reach tens of Mbit/s to hundreds of Mbit/s, which is expected
to be 100 times higher than Bluetooth, and also higher than IEEE802.11a and IEEE802.11b.
Extremely wide bandwidth
UWB uses a bandwidth of more than 1 GHz, up to several GHz. ultra-wideband system capacity,
and can work simultaneously with the current narrowband communication system without
interfering with each other. This has opened up a new time-domain radio resource in today's
increasingly tight frequency resources.
Small power consumption
Usually, wireless communication systems need to continuously transmit carrier waves when
communicating and therefore consume a certain amount of power. UWB does not use carrier
waves, but only sends out instantaneous pulse waves, that is, directly sent out by 0 and 1, and
only when needed to send pulse waves, so the consumption of electricity is small.
Good confidentiality
UWB confidentiality is manifested in two aspects. On the one hand, the use of time-hopping
spread spectrum, the receiver can only be known when the transmitter spread spectrum code to
solve the transmit data; on the other hand, the system's transmit power spectral density is very
low, with conventional receivers cannot receive.
The transmit power is very small
UWB system transmit power is very small, communication equipment can be used less than 1mW
of transmit power to achieve communication. Low transmit power greatly extends the system
power operating time. Moreover, the transmit power is small, and its electromagnetic wave
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radiation will have little effect on the human body, so the application is wide.
Development prospects of UWB technology in wireless communication technologies
UWB system has been proven to be able to provide reliable data transmission of more than
480Mbps in households with very low power spectrum density.
UWB technology has attracted the attention of the global industry for its innovation and interest
in wireless communication.
Compared with Bluetooth, 802.11b, 802.15, and other wireless communications, UWB can
provide faster, farther, and wider transmission rates. More and more researchers are devoting
themselves to the field of UWB, some simply developing UWB technology, some developing UWB
should, and some both.
It is believed that UWB technology, not only for low-end users, and in some high-end technology
areas, driven by military needs and the commercial market, UWB technology will further develop
and mature up.
Wi-Fi technology in wireless communication technologies
Introduction of Wi-Fi technology in wireless communication technologies
Wi-Fi is a technology that enables terminals such as personal computers and handheld devices
(e.g., PDAs, cell phones) to connect to each other in a wireless manner.
Wi-Fi is a brand of wireless network communication technology, held by the Wi-Fi Alliance (Wi-Fi
Alliance). The goal is to improve interoperability between wireless network products based on
the IEEE 802.11 standard. A local area network using the IEEE 802.11 family of protocols is known
as Wi-Fi.
Wi-Fi was originally an abbreviation for wireless fidelity, and Wi-Fi full name is wireless fidelity, in
the wireless LAN category refers to wireless compatibility certification, essentially a commercial
certification, but also a wireless networking technology, previously connected to the computer
through a network cable, but now is connected to the network through radio waves;
Commonly a wireless router, in the effective range covered by the radio waves of this wireless
router can be used to connect to the Internet by Wi-Fi connection, if the wireless router is
connected to an ADSL line or another Internet line, it is also known as a hotspot.
Features of Wi-Fi technology in wireless communication technologies
Wider bandwidth
Currently, all 11n wireless transceiver devices support two spatial data streams, sending and
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receiving data can use two or three antenna combinations, and soon there will be chips that
support three or four data streams, and data rates can reach 450Mbps and 600Mbps respectively.
802.11s standard can be used to connect these high-end nodes to form an Internet-like Wi-Fi
network with redundancy capability.
Stronger RF signal
11n in more optional performance features will appear in the wireless chip, wireless clients and
wireless access points using these chips can make the radio frequency (RF) signal more resilient,
stable, and reliable, in other words, more like a wire.
These performance features include low-density parity-check code to improve error correction
capabilities; transmit beamforming, which uses feedback from the Wi-Fi client, allowing an access
point to focus on the client's RF signal; space-time packet coding (STBC), which uses multiple
antennas to improve signal reliability.
Wi-Fi consumes less power
802.11n provides significant innovations in power consumption and management that not only
extend the battery life of Wi-Fi smartphones, but can also be embedded into other devices such
as medical monitoring devices, building control systems, real-time location tracking tags, and
consumer electronics. Data can be constantly monitored and collected and can be personalized
based on the user's identity and location.
Improved security
Wi-Fi will use identity-based security in Wi-Fi networks where security policies are associated
with users rather than with ports, which has the advantage that users can move around their
homes, offices, hotels, branches, and public places without security being compromised.
Improved Mobility
The lack of RF management in the previous standard, because access points and clients and with
adjacent wireless devices usually do not know each other, they only know their own radio wave
frequency, this limitation makes it difficult to manage RF.
Wi-Fi personal area
The current Wi-Fi is an end-to-end connection, the future of Wi-Fi networks, your device can be
directly connected to other client devices no matter where you are.
At the same time, Wi-Fi access points through the 802.11z standard can also be turned into
point-to-point connection engines, which will provide an extension for direct connection
configurations, where client devices request permission from an access point to connect directly
to another nearby client device, but the data does not pass through the access point, and the
client remains connected to the access point, which provides a full set of security and
management services.
Development of Wi-Fi technology in wireless communication technologies
Network technologies that cover a larger area, from hotspots to hot zones to entire cities.
Wi-Fi handheld terminals and VoWLAN services are bound to become potential application
models.
IP-based Wi-Fi/WiMAX switching technology and an open service platform will make the WLAN
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network smarter and easier to manage.
Multi-level security policies (WEP, WPA, WPA2, AES, VPN, etc.) based on different levels of
security solutions will enable enterprises and individual users to choose the security policy that
meets their needs based on different cost performance.
NFC technology in wireless communication technologies
Introduction of NFC technology in wireless communication technologies
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short-range, high-frequency wireless communication
technology that allows contactless point-to-point data transmission (within ten centimeters)
between electronic devices to exchange data.
This technology evolved from contact-free radio frequency identification (RFID) and is backward
compatible with RFID. It was first developed successfully by Sony and Philips each and is mainly
used in handheld devices such as cell phones to provide M2M (Machine to Machine)
communication.
Because of the natural security of near-field communication, NFC technology is considered to
have great application prospects in areas such as cell phone payments.
NFC chips have mutual communication functions and computing capabilities and contain
cryptographic logic circuits in the Felica standard, and the late MIFARE standard also adds
encryption/decryption modules (SAM).
The features of NFC technology in wireless communication technologies
Like RFID, NFC information is transmitted by electromagnetic induction coupling in the radio
frequency portion of the spectrum, but there are still significant differences between the two.
First, NFC is a wireless connection technology that provides easy, secure, and rapid
communication, and its transmission range is smaller than that of RFID, which can reach several
meters or even tens of meters, but because NFC takes a unique signal attenuation technology,
NFC has the characteristics of the close distance, high bandwidth, and low energy consumption
compared to RFID.
Secondly, NFC is compatible with existing contactless smart card technology and has become an
official standard supported by more and more major manufacturers.
Again, NFC is also a proximity connectivity protocol that provides easy, secure, fast, and
automatic communication between various devices. Compared to other connectivity methods in
the wireless world, NFC is a private communication method in close proximity.
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Finally, RFID is more often used in production, logistics, tracking, and asset management, while
NFC plays a huge role within the fields of access control, public transportation, and cell phone
payment.
NFC, infrared, and Bluetooth are the same contactless transmission methods, they have their
own different technical characteristics and can be used for a variety of different purposes, and
there is no difference between the advantages and disadvantages of the technology itself.
NFC cell phones with built-in NFC chip, than the original use only as a tag RFID more increased
data bi-directional transmission function, this progress makes it more suitable for electronic
money payment.
In particular, what RFID cannot achieve, mutual authentication and dynamic encryption and
one-time key (OTP) can be achieved on NFC.
NFC technology supports a variety of applications, including mobile payments and transactions,
peer-to-peer communications, and on-the-go information access.
With NFC-enabled cell phones, people can connect to the entertainment services and
transactions they want, anywhere, at any time, from any device, to complete payments, access
poster information, and more.
NFC devices can be used as contactless smart cards, smart card reader terminals, and
device-to-device data transmission links, and their applications can be divided into the following
four basic types: for payment and ticketing, for electronic tickets, for smart media, and for
exchanging and transmitting data.
Development prospects of NFC technology in wireless communication technologies
NFC has low cost, ease of use, and more intuitive features, which make it appear more potential
in some areas.
NFC enables various devices to communicate within a few centimeters through a combination of
a chip, an antenna, and some software.
NFC, as an emerging technology, roughly sums up the drawbacks of Bluetooth technology's poor
ability to work together. However, its goal is not to completely replace other wireless
technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, but to play a complementary role to each other in
different situations and areas. Because the data transmission rate of NFC is low, only 212Kbps, it
is not suitable for applications such as audio and video streaming, which require higher
bandwidth.
These 5 wireless communication technologies are maturing, but each has its own advantages.
The 5 wireless communication technologies are inherently complementary, although they may be
competing at the edges.
The wireless communication technologies future trends
Today, the global wireless communication technologies industry is characterized by two
outstanding features:
First, the public mobile communications to maintain growth, strong growth in some countries
and regions, but there is uneven development;
Second, broadband wireless communication technologies hotspots continue to be very active
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research and application.
The information shows that in the global telecommunications market generally low profile
background, mobile communications still maintained a good growth trend.
Although the global mobile market is growing, this growth also shows a great unevenness. In
terms of subscriber numbers, in developed countries and regions such as North America and
Europe, the number of new subscribers is decreasing as mobile subscriber penetration is already
high.
While in Asia, Africa, and other regions, especially in developing countries like China, the number
of mobile subscribers is growing rapidly. In terms of value created by subscribers, the ARPU of
developed countries in Europe and the US far exceeds that of emerging developing countries.
In terms of the growth of the new data service market, South Korea and Japan are showing an
explosion and have become the new hot spot for global mobile development.
Because of the different applicability of technologies, resources are unevenly distributed across
the country and the world, resulting in the uneven development of wireless communications and
uneven coverage.
In the long run, the advantages and disadvantages of each technology are complementary, the
standard of each region is unified, the construction is unified, and the development of wireless
communication technology suitable for the region is inevitable according to the characteristics of
each region.
The future development trend of wireless communication technologies is as follows.
Various wireless communication technologies complement each other, and each of the wireless
communication technologies has its own strengths, and the wireless communication
technologies suitable for the region are developed in different areas, and the broadband wireless
network with diversified access, integrated network, and integrated application is developed, and
the organic integration with a broadband fixed network is realized gradually.
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