This document describes a mine-worker protection system that uses sensors to continuously monitor temperature, pressure, gases, and the location of underground miners in real-time. It collects sensor data using a microcontroller and can activate safety measures like exhaust fans, coolers, or sprayers if dangerous conditions are detected. The system aims to provide economical and reliable monitoring to improve safety in mining industries where accidents remain common.

1. “MINE-WORKERS PROTECTION”
MINI-PROJECT ON :
1 PRESENTED BY:-
ARYA LEXMI
SYAM KAMALNATH
VASEEM MEHRAN C.P
ZAHIYA P.MOOSA

2.  INTRODUCTION
 BLOCK-DIAGRAM
 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
 FLOW-CHART
 CIRCUIT-DIAGRAM
 PROTEUS IMPLEMENTATION
 FINAL WORK PIECE
 ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLOGRAPHY
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3. INTRODUCTION
 This project aims at an economical , supple, continuous ,
monitoring system of underground mine worker’s protection
and enabling control measures .
 Sensors are used for monitoring parameters.
 A microcontroller based system is used for collecting data and
making decision accordingly.
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4.  Mining and mineral processing facilities represent
significant fire and explosion exposures to both
personnel and production equipment and buildings.
 From a personnel safety standpoint, underground mining
has been by far the global loss leader in fatalities and
injuries for all industries.
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6. …HERE COMES THE SIGNIFICANCE OF OUR PROJECT…
In the mining industry ,
 Safety and security is the fundamental aspect of all.
 Communication is the most vital key factor today .
 To monitor different parameters continuously and take necessary
actions .
 A monitoring system to accurately detect temperature , pressure,
flammable and poisonous gases and to track underground miners
and vehicles on real-time
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7. BLOCK DIAGRAM
7
ARDUINO
UNO
MICRO-
CONTROLLER
ATMEGA 328
HUMIDITY
SENSOR
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
GAS
SENSOR
CONTROL
SYSTEM :
EXHAUST FAN ,
COOLER &
SPRAYER
SYSTEM
WARNING
SYSTEM
BLUETOOTH
MODULE
L
C
D
M
O
D
U
L
E
ALARM
SYSTEM WITH
LIGHT
INDICATIONS
HH10D
LM35
MQ4 & MQ 136
WIRELESS
COMMUNICATI
ON
RF
MODULE

8. COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
1) TEMPERATURE SENSOR
 Used for sensing the temperature.
 Sensitivity of 10mV / oC.
 The general equation used to convert output voltage to temperature is:
Temperature ( oC) = (Vout * 100) / 5 oC …(3.3)
 The output voltage varies linearly with temperature.
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9. 2) HUMIDITY SENSOR
 The HH10D relative humidity sensor module.
 Is comprised of a capacitive type humidity sensor, a CMOS capacitor to
frequency converter and an EEPROM used to hold the calibration factors.
 Due to the characteristics of capacitor type humidity sensor, the system can
respond to humidity change very quickly.
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10. 3)GAS SENSOR
 They are used in gas leakage detecting equipments in home and
industry.
 High sensitivity to LPG, natural gas , town gas
 Small sensitivity to alcohol, smoke.
 Fast response .
 Stable and long life
 Simple drive circuit
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11. 4) ATMEGA328
 The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip
microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996.
 High Performance, Low Power AVR 8-Bit Microcontroller
 One of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for
program storage.
 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers.
 ATmegaAVR chips became extremely popular after they were designed into
the 8-bit Arduino platform.
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12. 5)IC 4017
12
o A 5-stage divide-by-10 Johnson counter
oThe 10/8 decoded outputs are normally in the logical “0”
state and go to the logical “1” state at their respective time
slots.
oEach decoded output remain high for one full clock cycle.

13. 6)555 TIMER
13
555TIMER AS MONOSTABLE
oPrecision timing circuits.
oIn the monostable mode of operation, the timed
interval is controlled by a single external resistor
and capacitor network.

14. 7)RF MODULE
14
Operates at Radio Frequency .
Comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver.
 The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair operates at a frequency of
434 MHz.
The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps - 10Kbps.

15. PIN DIAGRAM WITH DESCRIPTION
15
Pin
No
Function Name
1 Ground (0V) Ground
2 Serial data input pin Data
3 Supply voltage; 5V Vcc
4 Antenna output pin ANT
Pin No Function Name
1 Ground (0V) Ground
2 Serial data output pin Data
3 Linear output pin; not connected NC
4 Supply voltage; 5V Vcc
5 Supply voltage; 5V Vcc
6 Ground (0V) Ground
7 Ground (0V) Ground
8 Antenna input pin ANT
RF txmtr
RF rxvr

16. 8)BLUETOOTH MODULE
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17. CONNECTION OF BLUE-
TOOTH MODULE TO
ARDUINO BOARD FOR
CHECKING THE
WORKING
17
 Allows your target device to both send and receive the TTL data.
 Easy to use and completely encapsulated
 Working voltage: 3.3V

18. ARDUINO UNO BOARD
18
OPEN-SOURCE ELECTRONICS PROTOTYPING PLATFORM .
BASED ON FLEXIBLE, EASY-TO-USE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE.
BASED ON ATMEGA328 MICROCONTROLLER .
14 DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT PINS,SIX ANALOGUE INPUTS,
A USB CONNECTION FOR PROGRAMMING THE ON-BOARD
MICROCONTROLLER .

19.  PROGRAMMED USING ARDUINO IDE SOFTWARE.
 A BOOT-LOADER THAT ALLOWS YOU TO UPLOAD NEW CODE TO IT WITHOUT
THE USE OF AN EXTERNAL HARDWARE PROGRAMMER.
.
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20. 20
SCREENSHOT OF ARDUINO IDE SOFTWARE

21. 21
START
IF TEMP>45
IF TEMP>35
IF GAS>60
IF HUM==HIGH
BUZZER ON
SPRINKLER ON
FAN ON
YES
NO
YES
NO
DISPLAY TEMP.
,GAS, &
HUMIDITY
CONDITIONS
FAN ON
NO
YES
WARNING
DANGER
BUZZER ON

22. 22
PB0/ICP1/CLKO/PCINT0
14
PB1/OC1A/PCINT1
15
PB3/MOSI/OC2A/PCINT3
17
PB2/SS/OC1B/PCINT2
16
PD6/AIN0/OC0A/PCINT22
12
PD5/T1/OC0B/PCINT21
11
PD4/T0/XCK/PCINT20
6
PD3/INT1/OC2B/PCINT19
5
PD2/INT0/PCINT18
4
PD1/TXD/PCINT17
3
PD0/RXD/PCINT16
2
PB4/MISO/PCINT4
18
PB5/SCK/PCINT5
19
PB7/TOSC2/XTAL2/PCINT7
10
PB6/TOSC1/XTAL1/PCINT6
9
PC6/RESET/PCINT14
1
PC5/ADC5/SCL/PCINT13
28
PC4/ADC4/SDA/PCINT12
27
PC3/ADC3/PCINT11
26
PC2/ADC2/PCINT10
25
PC1/ADC1/PCINT9
24
PC0/ADC0/PCINT8
23
AVCC
20
AREF
21
PD7/AIN1/PCINT23
13
ATMEGA328P
BUZ1
BUZZER
1
2
J1
RF TXR
R1
10k
R2
10k
R3
10k
1
2
3
4
J2
BLUETOOTH MODULE
X1
CRYSTAL
C1
1uF
C2
1uF
30.0
3
1
VOUT
2
U2
LM35
%HR
55.0
U3
HH10D
SENSING AND TRANSMITTING SECTION

23. RECEIVER AND CONTROL SECTION
23
RXR
CONTROL DEVICE
CONTROL DEVICE
1
2
3
4
J1
RF RXR
CLK
14
E
13
MR
15
CO
12
Q0
3
Q1
2
Q2
4
Q3
7
Q4
10
Q5
1
Q6
5
Q7
6
Q8
9
Q9
11
U1
74HC4017
R
4
DC
7
Q
3
GND
1
VCC
8
TR
2
TH
6
CV
5
U2
NE555
C1
1uF
C2
1uF
R1
10k
U2(R)
CONTROL DEVICE
VCC

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25.  Security for coal mine workers and hence avoid disasters.
 For monitoring remote areas and recording changes taking
place.
 To monitor tunnel conditions ,underground pipelines and
passages.
 The system also can be easily extended with Zigbee wireless
txmn facility in future..!
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This project is aimed to measure the
atmospheric conditions inside the mine
and take necessary control.
Though we have developed just a
prototype model,this concept can be
utilised in the manufacturing of low-cost
and simple mine-monitoring system and
prevent aacidents in mines!!

27. •“The AVR Microcontroller and Embedded system”
by M A Mazidi
•www.datasheetarchive.com
•www.wikipedia.com
•www.extremeelectronics.co.in
•www.arduino.com
•www.worldcoal.org
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