This document describes the design and development of a small, remotely controlled wheeled robot called Young Buggy. The robot uses an AT89C2051 microcontroller and receives remote control commands through a 433MHz RF receiver module. It is intended to perform tasks in environments unsafe or restricted for humans. The robot has wheels for mobility, a battery for power, and can be equipped with sensors as needed for its applications. The document outlines the robot's design, components, control logic, and limitations.

1. “YOUNG BUGGY ROBOT, USING
AT89C2051 MICROCONTROLLER”
YOUNG – Small and Compact in Size
BUGGY – Carrying vehicle Remotely controlled through radio signals
ROBOT – Approves all the characteristics; Movement, Energy, Sensing & Intelligence.

2. THE PROBLEM: Most Challenging Issue for a Human – to perform a task in an
environment/location which is not human friendly.
THE SOLUTION: A ROBOTIC SOLUTION IS ESSENTIAL.
THE PURPOSE: The purpose of this project is to develop a wheeled robot which
functions like a car that can be used in various applications and can be remotely
controlled by radio signals in the places where human entry is not possible.
OBJECTIVES/GOALS:
Mobility(capable to move in any directions in any given environment)
Functions like a Car(Moves Frwrd, Rvrse, Left or right turn while moving & 360⁰ full turn)
Enters the places which is human restricted(btwn narrw spaces, gas effected area, etc)
Can be used in various applications(spy robot, fire fighting, metal detection, etc)
As per the job carried out, required apparatus installation(cam, water tank, detector,..)
Simple and reliable communication medium through RF signals(433MHz, Helical)
User friendly operation(a simple remote control for controlling the directions)
Keeping the cost as minimum as possible

3. PROJECT OVERVIEW:
The complete project is divided into 3 major parts:
1. Robotics
2. Microcontroller
3. Wireless Communications(RF)
User RF Comm. Microcontroller
Robot Car

4. ROBOTICS: A scientific discipline associated with design, development & application
of robots.
CHARACTERISTCS OF A ROBOT:
•Rolling on WHEELS, Walking on LEGS or Propelling by THRUSTERS WHEELED SYSTEM
1) MOVEMENT (robot needs to be able to move around its environment)
•BATTERY powered, SOLAR powered or ELECTRICALLY powered BATTERY POWERED
2)ENERGY (robot needs to be powered itself)
•Light Sensors, Chemical sensors, sonar sensors, touch sensors Installed as per applications
3) SENSING (robot needs to sense its environment)
• Programming so robot knows what has to be done. AT89C2051 Microcontroller
4) INTELLIGENCE (robot needs some kind of ‘SMARTS’)
Robot is the CORE of this Project.
A small car is developed as a robot, and it is microcontroller driven.
3 Wheeled Robot System - Differentially Steered type(2 powered wheels with an
additional rotating wheel to
keep the body of the car in
balance).

5. “Robots can have any number of wheels, but three wheels are sufficient for static
and dynamic balance.”
7.4V 1600mA powered rechargeable
battery is used to provide power to all
the peripherals on the robot car.

6. MICROCONTROLLER:
“A Microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a
processor core, memories, and programmable input/output peripherals.”
A low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2K bytes of
Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM).
Powerful Microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective
solution to many embedded systems.
The heart of Young Buggy Robot is Intel’s
most power family of 8051 microcontroller.
AT89C2051 microcontroller IC is used.
At both Transmitter and Receiver end two
different ICs with different programs is been
installed.

7. WIRELESS COMMUNICATION: (IR/RF/BT/GSM)
Young Buggy is Radio Controlled Car.
RF 433 MHz TX module - remote control to
transmit the coded
signals
RF 433 MHz RX module - robot car to receive
the signals
Signals are sent & received - Helical Antenna.
 Based on the input code transmitted the robot will
behave as follows:
 Moves in Forward Direction
 Moves in Reverse Direction
 Turns left or right while moving in forward or
reverse direction
On the spot left or right turn to pass through
the narrow space.
433MHz RX Module
433MHz RX Module
Helical Antenna

8. Design of Young Buggy Robot
Key pressed. Key codes are o/p from pin
3(TX) of the in-built UART of mc &wrks on
1200bits/sec cnctd to data pin of RF433
wch transmits ASCII codes thru Antenna.
RF433 receives transmittd codes thru antenna,
codes are convrtd to digital format & o/p is
available to pin 2(RX) of in-built uart of mc at
1200baudrate. Bsd on ip codes mc wil gv cmnd to
drivr IC & motors wil operate accordngly.
74LS245 L293D

9. Logic of Young Buggy Robot
When forward command is received, both the motors will run in
forward direction.
When reverse command is received, both the motors will run in
reverse direction.
While moving in forward and reverse direction, if left or right
command is received one of the motor stops and other keeps
moving; this action gives left or right turn.

10. SYSTEM FLOWCHARTS

11. TRANSMITTER HEX CODES
RECEIVER HEX CODES

12. a) Linear Speed Profile b) Sinusoidal
Speed
Time for a 90° Turn for Linear &
Sinusoidal Variations
Wheels Path for Sinusoidal Variations Wheels Path for Linear Variations

13. LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT:
Self Recovery
Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous operation
Operation on rugged and inclined terrains
Construction of the outer shell of the robot
Control Accuracy
Further Improvements:
 Obstacle detectors can be implemented, so that robot
can function more accurately detecting anything coming
in its path thus becoming more user friendly.
 Robot car can also be implemented by a ‘Speed’ factor,
so that according to the user the car accelerate its speed
or slow down when required.

14. THANK YOU
-GARGI
KAPADIA