1. The document describes a project to build a motor controller for electric vehicles undertaken by 5 students under the guidance of Sri. H.M. Shivaprasad at BMS College of Engineering. 2. It discusses the need for a motor controller to efficiently control acceleration, speed, and protect the battery from overloads. Literature on previous projects controlling robots through microcontrollers and Android apps is reviewed. 3. The objective is to understand motor controllers for electric vehicles and create wireless Bluetooth control of an RC car using a cell phone. The system design and hardware required are outlined.

1. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING B M S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE UNDER VTU, BELGAUM)
BANGALORE – 560019
MOTOR CONTROLLER FOR ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
1. 1BM17ME010 PRANJAL.S.AGASIMANI
2. 1BM17ME143 SHASHANK B.N.
3. 1BM17ME133 SANJAY.V
4. 1BM17ME087 M.SUMIT SINGH
5. 1BM17ME120 ROHIT.P
PROJECT FOR MOTOR CONTROLLER
FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES
(16ME7DEFYP)
Under the Guidance of
Sri. H.M. Shivaprasad

2. INTRODUCTION
What is a motor controller?
A motor controller is a device or group of devices that can coordinate
in a predetermined manner the performance of an electric motor. A
motor controller might include a manual or automatic means for
starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation,
selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque,
and protecting against overloads and electrical faults.
Motor controller is basically the brain of the vehicle and it controls the
performance of the motor . Motor controller integrates motor speed
and expected battery range. A good coordination between controller
and motor can help a car from accidents . So motor control is the
whole package.

3. Why is Motor Controller required?
 In the early electric vehicles with DC motors, a simple variable-
resistor-type controller controlled the acceleration and speed of the
vehicle. With this type of system, a large percentage of the energy
from the battery was wasted as an energy loss in the resistor. But
with the modern motor controller, it adjusts speed and acceleration
by an electronic process called pulse width modulation. By doing
this, the efficiency of the vehicle and the batter is increased notably.

4. LITERATURE SURVEY
 Astapkovich, A. M., Vostrikov, A. A., Sergeev, M. B., Chudinovskiy, Yu.
G. (2002). Information and control Internet-based systems.
Informatsionno-upravlyayushchie sistemy.
 The possibility of cheap and affordable microcontrollers has led to
the use of the Internet for communication was developed by them.

5. LITERATURE SURVEY
 Pahuja, R., Kumar, N. (2014). Android Mobile Phone Controlled
Bluetooth Robot Using 8051 Microcontroller. International Jour-nal
of Scientific Engineering and Research.
 when developing a robot-electromechanical machine controlled by
a computer and electronic programming, a four-wheeled platform
was used

6. LITERATURE SURVEY
 Juang, H.-S., Lurrr, K.-Y. (2013). Design and control of a two-wheel
self-balancing robot using the arduino microcontroller board. 2013
10th IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation
(ICCA).
 robot on a two-wheeled platform was considered. The system
architecture contains a pair of DC mo-tors and an Arduino
microcontroller board, a single-axis gyroscope, and two axial
accelerometers used to determine orientation. But such a system
needs constant position correction.

7. LITERATURE SURVEY
 Kulkarni, C., Grama, S., Suresh, P
. G., Krishna, C., Antony, J. (2014).
Surveillance Robot Using Arduino Microcontroller, Android APIs and
the Internet. 2014 First International Conference on Systems
Informatics, Modelling and Simulation.
 a four-wheeled robot was developed for observation using the
Arduino and Android APIs. But this robot is too large.

8. LITERATURE SURVEY
 Sayan Tripathi, Jhilam Jana, Sayan Mandal, Debraj Pal, Koushik Das, Asim
Kumar Jana and Malay Kumar Pandit (February,2020). Cost-Efficient
Bluetooth-Controlled Robot Car for Material Handling. Proceedings of the
2nd International Conference on Communication, Devices and Computing
 can be beneficial to farmers, storage godowns, educational organization,
and general public for reducing their physical labors.

9. LITERATURE SURVEY
 Md. Harun-Ar-Rashid, Wahidur Rahman, Rahabul Islam,
Md. Tarequl Islam. Implementation of Android Control
Bluetooth Spy Car with LIVE Video Streaming.
International Journal of Computer Applications(August
2018)
 contains following features (i) Controlling Car via android
application in four direction (ii) Live Video Streaming (iii)
Rotating Camera -1800 to 1800 (iv) front LED control.
 controls via Bluetooth using USART protocol real time
video streaming by Wi-Fi.

10. LITERATURE SURVEY
 Souvik Paul, Saumedhik Biswas, Atreyo Sengupta,
Banhishikha Basu, Sreya Basu.(Sept 2019 - March
2020) Arduino based, Bluetooth controlled RC Car.
International Journal of Computer Science &
Communication.
 An appropriate program in the Arduino
microprocessor to interact with the android
controller has to be created. The program has
been successfully complied through Arduino IDE
to the Arduino microprocessor & loaded in to it
after proper checking of logic to decrease any
loss/damage of hardware.

11. LITERATURE SURVEY
 Balendu Teterbay, Akshay Bhati, Ayush Srivastava, Dr. Abhay A. Deshpande.
Smartphone Controlled Multipurpose Robot Car.(May,2020) International
Journal of Engineering Research & Technology.
 On detecting an obstacle through sensors, the robot performs pick and
place operation with the help of a robotic arm mounted onto the vehicle.

12. LITERATURE SURVEY
Vijayalakshmi S & Archana M.(2019)Robotic
Car using Arduino with Bluetooth controller.
International Journal of Intelligence in Science
& Engineering.
Based on Android OS, Arduino, L298N motor,
DC motor driver, temperature sensor-DHT11
and Bluetooth module.

13. INNOVATIVENESS
 Medical robots are used in medicine and medical institutions.
And also in some automated guided vehicles and lifting aides.
 Industrial robots are robots used in an industrial manufacturing
environment.
 Domestic or household robots are used at home.

14. USEFULNESS
 robotics is a rapidly growing field in researching, designing, and
building new robots practical purpose, whether domestically,
commercially, or militarily. Many robots help humans by doing
jobs such as defusing bombs, mines and exploring shipwrecks.

15. OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this project work is to understand the
importance of microcontrollers in electric vehicles and also from this
project we try to create wireless communication with an RC car using
cell phone Bluetooth communication.
By using a phone, one can avoid the frustration of misplacing the
remote.

16. WORKING
 The Figure shows the location of each part on the robot. The battery will
supply the power Arduino UNO and motor driver L298N. Motor driver itself
works in 9 Volt. Arduino uno will receive power supplied from battery and
converts it to 5V as its need, because inside Arduino uno, there is 7805 IC
that convert the voltage to 5 V. The mechanism of wheels controlling is
using PWM signal that sent by Arduino to L298N Driver. Then L298N will
amplify it to 12V voltage from 5V digital signal provided by Arduino uno.
12V PWM signal finally sent to two motors that attached to L298N. The
communication between android smartphone and Arduino bridged by
Bluetooth device called Bluetooth HC-05. Serial communication occurs
between Arduino uno and Bluetooth HC05 with 9600 baud rate. Also, the
android smartphone uses Bluetooth signal to connect to Bluetooth HC-05.

17. SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

18. CIRCUIT DESIGN

19. PARTS REQUIRED
1. Arduino UNO
2. Raspberry Pi
3. L30+6 spacer
4. M3*8Screw 8pcs
5. M3*30 Screw 8pcs
6. M3 Nut *pcs
7. Ecoder 4pcs
8. T stand 8pcs
9. Stceion four battery box
10. Tire 4pcs
11. Motor 4pcs
12. Chassis 2pcs

20. HARDWARE INSTALLATION
 To get started, we’ll attach the motors
and the H-bridge (the card that
delivers power to the motors) to the
lower part of the chassis.
 1. Motor installation: First, attach the
four metal brackets (they’re
rectangular, drilled blocks of metal) to
each motor using two long bolts and
two nuts.

21.  2. Now each motor can be attached
to the chassis by using two short
bolts in the bottom of each metal
bracket. Here’s a view of the bottom
of the chassis so you can see where
the bolts need to be.
 3. Fix the motor drive board: fix the
motor drive board (the red board) to
the chassis. Note: It is recommended
wait until all of the wires are attached
to the H-bridge before doing this.
 Connect the motor cable, Circuit
diagram.

22.  4. Fixed and wiring up the power
supply (battery box) on the board.
 5. Attached the wheels: slide the
wheels onto the motor drive shafts,
and attach the four copper shafts in
the locations show in the picture
below (each copper shaft needs
one small bolt). This robot is starting
to take shape!

23. COAT ESTIMATE
SL.
NO.
ITEM NO. OF
UNITS
COST PER
UNIT(IN ₹)
TOTAL COST
(IN ₹)
1 Raspberry Pi 3 Mod B
1gb
1 2655
2 4 wheel kit 1 550
3 l298 board 1 125
4 B.board 1 50
5 jumper wire 1 60
6 Uno 1 365
7 arduino cable 1 50
8 9v battery - 2 Nos 2 60
9 Hdmi to Hdmi 1 300
10 Micro sd card 32 gb 1 500

24. CONCLUSIONS
The first phase of the project was about building
the model and gathering the required materials
checking system compatibility.
The second part would be showing you the results
by programming the car to go up the gradient and
down the gradient.

25. QUESTIONS??

26. THANK YOU