The document summarizes renewable and non-renewable sources of energy. It discusses various renewable sources like solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass and biofuels that are naturally replenished. It also covers non-renewable sources like coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear energy which will run out over time. The document highlights advantages like abundance and disadvantages like pollution for both renewable and non-renewable sources of energy.

1. SKUAST-K
DIVISION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
RENEWABLE AND NON RENEWABLE RESOURSES OF ENERGY
Presented by: Mohammad Yaseen Sofi
Reg. No : 2017-H-142-M
Course: Environmental Biotechnology
Course Instructor: Dr. Amjad M. Husaini

2. Renewable Sources Of Energy:
 Renewable energy is an energy that is produced from natural processes and continuously
replenished.
 Few examples of renewable energy are the sunlight, water, wind, tides, geothermal heat and
biomass.
 The sources of renewable energy are known to be less polluting and therefore the whole world
is looking forward at new carbon emission norms, where carbon will play the major role in
developing new factories and industries.

3. Solar Energy:
 It is energy derived from the sun and has been the most popular form of alternative energy for
many centuries.
 Electricity can be generated with the help of solar energy, using photovoltaic technology or
heat powered engines
 Solar power has also been adapted to industrial uses, solar cooking, heating water and battery
powered electronics.

4. Wind Energy:
 Wind energy has been harnessed by way of wind turbines.
 When the wind speed is high enough to move the turbines, electricity can be produced by the
movement.
 Higher the speed of the wind, more the amount of electricity can be produced. This is why
most wind powered turbines are found in high altitude areas or near shores with constant
breeze.

5. Hydroelectric (Water) Power:
 Another way in which the sun is able to provide us with clean energy is through water.
 The fall of water powers turbines, which are able to produce energy when they turn.
 Dams are a common way to generate electricity on a large scale basis.
 Small waterfalls occurring naturally are another source, along with systems that derive kinetic
energy from the movement of water in rivers, streams and oceans.

6. Geothermal Energy:
 Geothermal energy is the Energy stored within the Earth that is not fossil fuels.
 Many are radioactive in nature and release great amounts of heat when they do.
 These are thermal vents, which release super-heated steam and boiling water, such vents can be
adapted for the generation of electrical power, providing us with more renewable sources of
energy.

7. Biomass Energy:
 More rudimentary form of clean energy is biomass, which is nothing more plants and their
residues.
 Biomass plants are basically furnaces that can break down large amounts of raw material.
 Plants contain energy that is stored within them during the process of photosynthesis, This
energy is broken down and made usable when the plants are burnt.
 Parts of crops, rotten plants, diseases vegetables and even waste wood parts are usable as raw
material.

8. Biofuels:
 Biofuels are extracted from plants and crops as well.
 Synthetic in nature and are not utilized to directly create electricity.
 Ethanol is the main form of biofuel, created by the fermentation of sugar, regularly blended
with gasoline as a form of car fuel, since it produces lesser carbon dioxide when it burns.

9. Hydrogen Energy:
 Hydrogen has tremendous energy and can be used to power homes and industries.
 Water contains two-thirds of hydrogen but in nature it is found in combination with other
elements.
 Completely renewable since it is extracted from water which is available in abundant
supply.

10. Ocean Energy:
 Ocean energy can be harnessed via 3 ways: wave energy, tidal energy and Ocean thermal
energy conversion (OTEC).
 This form of energy has much better potential to produce power than any other source of
energy.
 The rise and fall of tides is used by the tidal energy generators, which is then used to move
turbines, which in turn generate electricity, tidal energy converts the kinetic energy to electrical
energy.
 Wave energy, on the other hand, is captured directly from the surface of the waves produced in
the oceans.

11. Advantages of Renewable Sources of Energy:
 The sun, wind, geothermal, ocean energy are available in the abundant quantity and free to use.
 The non-renewable sources of energy that we are using are limited and are bound to expire one
day.
 Renewable sources have low carbon emissions, therefore they are considered as green and
environment friendly.
 Renewable sources can cost less than consuming the local electrical supply. In the long run, the
prices of electricity are expected to soar since they are based on the prices of crude oil, so
renewable sources can cut your electricity bills.

12. Disadvantages of Renewable Sources of Energy:
 It is not easy to set up a plant as the initial costs are quite steep.
 Solar energy can be used during the day time and not during night or rainy season.
 Geothermal energy which can be used to generate electricity has side effects too. It can bring
toxic chemicals beneath the earth surface onto the top and can create environmental changes.
 Hydroelectric provide pure form of energy but building dams across the river which is quite
expensive can affect natural flow and affect wildlife.
 To use wind energy, you have to rely on strong winds therefore you have to choose suitable site
to operate them. Also, they can affect bird population as they are quite high.

13. RENEWABLE ENERGY

14. Non-Renewable Sources of Energy:
 Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our
lifetimes.
 Not environmental friendly and can have serious affect on our health.
 Cannot be re-generated within a short span of time.
 Non-renewable sources exist in the form of fossil fuels, natural gas, oil and coal.

15. Coal:
 Coal is the most abundant form of fossil fuel available on earth, formed by the decay of old
plants and animals several centuries ago.
 Major source of fuel for electricity generation as of today.
 When burnt, it produces heat that is used to convert the water into stream, which is used to
move the turbines which in turns activate generators which produces electricity.
 Coal is still available in big quantity on this earth but it is predicted that it won’t last for more
than 40-50 years if switch is not made to green or clean energy.

16. Oil:
 Oil is available in abundance in most of the middle east countries including Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait, Iran, Iraq and UAE while some limited oil wells are present in North America and
Canada.
 Made out of dead plants and animals that had lived millions of years ago.
 Major source of fuel that is used in vehicles.
 Harmful gases like carbon dioxide are released when oil is burnt.

17. Natural Gas:
 Natural gas is a mixture of several gases including methane, ethane, propane and butane.
 It causes almost no pollution and is one the cleanest form of fossil fuel.
 The beauty of this source of fuel that it causes almost no pollution, cheap and environment
friendly.
 Middle Eastern countries particularly Iran and Iraq hold high reserves of natural gas.

18. Nuclear Energy:
 Nuclear energy is has become a hot technology today.
 Around 16% of world’s electricity production comes through nuclear energy.
 Nuclear power plants use Uranium as a fuel to extract energy from it.
 Energy can be released through either:
 Nuclear Fission
 Nuclear Fusion

19. Advantages of non renewable resources of energy:
 Non-renewable sources are cheap and easy to use. You can easily fill up your car tank and
power your motor vehicle.
 You can use small amount of nuclear energy to produce large amount of power.
 Non-renewable have little or no competition at all. E.g. if you are driving a battery driven car
your battery gets discharged then you won’t be able to charge it in the middle if the road rather
it is easy to find a gas pumping station.
 They are considered as cheap when converting from one type of energy to another.

20. Disadvantages of non renewable resources of energy:
 Non-renewable sources will expire some day and we have to us our endangered resources to
create more non-renewable sources of energy.
 The speed at which such resources are being utilized can have serious environmental changes.
 Non-renewable sources release toxic gases in the air when burnt which are the major cause for
global warming.
 Since these sources are going to expire soon, prices of these sources are soaring day by day.

22. THANK-YOU