The document discusses the identification and management of two common clothes moths: the webbing clothes moth and the casemaking clothes moth. It provides details on their appearance, life cycles, damage caused, and integrated pest management strategies. Both moths can infest fabrics like wool clothing and carpets. Their larvae spin silk and cause holes or tufts of missing fibers. Management requires regular cleaning and inspection of storage areas, as well as laundering, freezing or dry cleaning infested items when possible. Pheromone traps can also help detect and reduce moth populations.
This presenation includes
Introduction
Etiology- structure, various species which comes under the genus lyssa virus
Epidemiology
Distribution
Transmission
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
prevention and control
Resistance to physical and chemical action
Prophylaxis
Tuberculosis hardly excuse anyone irrespective of its shape, size, colour, cast, creed, breed, species or genus having a little warmth in blood. Therefore, elephants e not exception, rather very prone for this disease which have taken many times more lives than any of the war.
This presenation includes
Introduction
Etiology- structure, various species which comes under the genus lyssa virus
Epidemiology
Distribution
Transmission
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
prevention and control
Resistance to physical and chemical action
Prophylaxis
Tuberculosis hardly excuse anyone irrespective of its shape, size, colour, cast, creed, breed, species or genus having a little warmth in blood. Therefore, elephants e not exception, rather very prone for this disease which have taken many times more lives than any of the war.
Mange is among the common illnesses that many dog owners are concerned about. People usually get tensed and do not know how to handle such situations. I present you this Presentation that speaks about Mange, a skin disease caused by tiny parasite mites on dogs. You can refer to this to know what Mange is all about, the types of Mange, the causes, the symptoms and a few easy ways to deal with it. Mange, if left untreated can be fatal. Therefore, timely knowledge and treatment about this disease is important. You can also add your views in the comments below.
For more information about Mange, you can refer to the following links:
http://www.vet-organics.com/types-of-mange-in-dogs/
http://pets.webmd.com/dogs/mange-dogs-canine-scabies
Dr. Bryan Myers - Recognition, Prevention and Control of Swine DiseasesJohn Blue
Recognition, Prevention and Control of Swine Diseases - Dr. Bryan Myers, Pipestone Veterinary Clinic, from the 2016 Missouri Pork Expo, February 9-10, 2016, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-missouri-pork-expo
Tick-borne parasitic infections are serious problem in the world as the population of ticks is increasing with people building homes in areas where ticks and their host live. Ticks are second to mosquitoes as an excellent vector for vector-borne diseases. There are only two known tick-borne parasitic infections: Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Babesiosis is due to the tick-borne parasites of the Babesia protozoa genus while Theileriosis is caused by Theilerias species which are obligate protozoan parasites. They are both transmitted by the Ixodid ticks. The symptoms of the infection includes lacrimation, nasal discharge, muscle pains etc. Tick-borne parasitic diseases can be prevented by avoiding places where ticks often live and also by using insect repellents.
Mange is among the common illnesses that many dog owners are concerned about. People usually get tensed and do not know how to handle such situations. I present you this Presentation that speaks about Mange, a skin disease caused by tiny parasite mites on dogs. You can refer to this to know what Mange is all about, the types of Mange, the causes, the symptoms and a few easy ways to deal with it. Mange, if left untreated can be fatal. Therefore, timely knowledge and treatment about this disease is important. You can also add your views in the comments below.
For more information about Mange, you can refer to the following links:
http://www.vet-organics.com/types-of-mange-in-dogs/
http://pets.webmd.com/dogs/mange-dogs-canine-scabies
Dr. Bryan Myers - Recognition, Prevention and Control of Swine DiseasesJohn Blue
Recognition, Prevention and Control of Swine Diseases - Dr. Bryan Myers, Pipestone Veterinary Clinic, from the 2016 Missouri Pork Expo, February 9-10, 2016, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-missouri-pork-expo
Tick-borne parasitic infections are serious problem in the world as the population of ticks is increasing with people building homes in areas where ticks and their host live. Ticks are second to mosquitoes as an excellent vector for vector-borne diseases. There are only two known tick-borne parasitic infections: Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Babesiosis is due to the tick-borne parasites of the Babesia protozoa genus while Theileriosis is caused by Theilerias species which are obligate protozoan parasites. They are both transmitted by the Ixodid ticks. The symptoms of the infection includes lacrimation, nasal discharge, muscle pains etc. Tick-borne parasitic diseases can be prevented by avoiding places where ticks often live and also by using insect repellents.
The SlideShare 101 is a quick start guide if you want to walk through the main features that the platform offers. This will keep getting updated as new features are launched.
The SlideShare 101 replaces the earlier "SlideShare Quick Tour".
Taxonomic Collections, Preservation and Curating of InsectsKamlesh Patel
Taxonomy: Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
The classification of organisms is according to hierarchal system or in taxonomic ranks (eg; domain, kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus and species) based on phylogenetic relationship established by genetic analysis.
Taxonomic Collection : Biological collection are typically preserved plant or animals specimens along with specimen documentations such as labels and notations.
Dry Collection - Dry collections consist of those specimens that are preserved in a dry state.
Wet Collection - Wet collections are specimens kept in a liquid preservative to prevent their deterioration.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Clothes Moths Integrated Pest Management
1. The webbing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella, (Figure 1) and casemaking clothes moth, Tinea pellionella, (Figure 2) can be fabric pests in California. They tend to hide when disturbed, so you might not notice you have an infestation until after the moths have already damaged your fabric, fur, or feathered items. Close examination of the objects will reveal silken webs the larvae have spun.
IDENTIFICATION
The webbing clothes moth is the most common fabric moth. The adult is gold with reddish-golden hairs on the top of its head. A row of golden hairs fringes its wings, which have a span of about
1/2 inch. Because these moths are weak flyers that aren’t attracted to lights, you’ll usually find them close to the infested items, such as in a dark area of the closet.
Don’t confuse the clothes moth with common food- and grain-infesting moths, which frequently fly around the house. At rest, clothes moths are only about 1/4 inch long, while most food-infesting moths are about double that length. Clothes moths usually fly around only the immediate area of the house where the infestation has occurred, and their flight pattern is distinctive— they tend to flutter about rather than fly in a direct, steady manner as do food-infesting moths. Food- infesting moths also don’t have the little tufts of hair on their head. To confirm you have a clothes moth, catch one and examine its head with a magnifying glass or hand lens.
The casemaking clothes moth is similar in size and appearance to the webbing clothes moth, although the wings of the casemaking clothes moth are more brownish and have faint dark- colored spots. Also, the hairs on its head are lighter colored than those of the webbing clothes moth.
Larvae of both species are nearly identical, except the larvae of the casemaking clothes moth always carry a silken case with them as they feed (Figure 3). They never leave this silken case behind but enlarge it as they grow. They can feed from either end of the case and retreat into it when disturbed. This case takes on the color of the fabric the larvae have eaten (Figure 4). Webbing clothes moth larvae don’t carry around feeding cases but may produce patches of silk webbing, which accumulate excrement and particles of fabric the larvae are feeding on (Figure 5), to create temporary feeding tubes. When webbing clothes moths move on to new feeding locations, they leave the feeding tubes and webbing behind.
Excrement from both the webbing clothes moth and the casemaking clothes moth can contain dyes from the cloth fibers the moths have eaten, also making it the same color as the fabric.
Integrated Pest Management in the Home
Clothes Moths
Figure 1. Webbing clothes moth.
Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program March 2013
PEST NOTES Publication 7435
Figure 5. Webbing clothes moth larvae with particles of excrement (frass) and other debris.
Figure 2. Casemaking clothes moth. The dark spots on the wings distinguish it from the webbing clothes moth.
Figure 3. Casemaking clothes moth with its case attached.
Figure 4. Cases from the casemaking clothes moth. Cases take on the color of the fabric being consumed.
2. March 2013 Clothes Moths
◆ 2 of 4 ◆
LIFE CYCLE
Females of both species lay an average
of 40 to 50 eggs during a 2- to 3-week
period and die once they’ve completed
the egg-laying process. Males outlive
females and continue to mate during
the remainder of their lives. An adhe-sive
secretion attaches the eggs to the
fabric threads. Eggs hatch in 4 to 10
days during warm weather.
Larvae
molt 5 to 45 times, depending
on indoor temperatures and the type of
food available. The larval period lasts
35 days to 2 1/2 years. Larvae are shiny
white, and their head capsules are dark-colored.
They spin webbing as they feed,
with the webbing clothes moth creating
a temporary silken feeding tube or tun-nel
and the casemaking clothes moth
creating a permanent silken case that
larvae carry with them as they move
around. When larvae of the casemaking
clothes moth are ready to pupate, they
wander away from their food source to
find crevices. With the webbing clothes
moth, pupation
takes place inside a
silken cocoon, usually on the fabric.
Pupation lasts 8 to 10 days in summer
and 3 to 4 weeks in winter. Heated
buildings enable clothes moths to
continue developing during winter
months. Generally, developmental time
for the clothes moth from egg to egg is
between four to six months, and there
are usually two generations a year.
DAMAGE
The webbing clothes moth is probably
the most commonly encountered clothes
moth in the United States. The casemak-ing
clothes moth is less common and
also of far less economic importance
than the webbing clothes moth.
The larva is the damaging stage of the
clothes moth. Both species feed on wool
clothing, carpets, and rugs; upholstered
furniture;
furs; stored woolen items; an-imal
bristles in brushes; wool felt pads
in pianos; and fish meal in fish food.
They will feed on synthetics or cotton
blends if these fabrics also contain wool.
Larvae might also use cotton fibers to
make their pupal cases. Damage gener-ally
appears in hidden locations such as
beneath collars or cuffs of clothing, in
crevices of upholstered furniture, and
in carpeted areas beneath furniture.
Fabrics with food, perspiration, or urine
stains are more subject to damage.
MANAGEMENT
Methods for controlling clothes moths
include periodic dry cleaning or laun-dering,
proper storage,
freezing, heat-ing,
fumigating with dry ice, trapping,
or insecticides.
Keeping humidity
levels low inside buildings creates an
environment that isn’t favorable for
clothes moth development.
Buildings
that don’t have numerous tiny cracks
and crevices will also have fewer
clothes moth problems. Good housekeeping
practices are important as well.
It is also important to regularly monitor
fabrics and closets for clothes moths
and their damage so you can take ac-tion
when infestations are still small.
Although most people can manage
clothes moth problems themselves,
some infestations are best handled by
a pest control applicator, who has the
equipment, materials, and experience
to deal with difficult control
jobs.
Monitoring
To inspect for clothes moths, look to see
if there are silken tubes in the hidden
portions of clothes, such as under col-lars,
or silken mats or patches on mate-rial.
Both the silken tubes and mats
often have fibers and feces incorporated
into them. Check to see if you can find
any sign of surface grazing of fibers,
any holes, or both on the fabrics. With
fur, look to see if you have some hairs
clipped at their base, causing loose fur
and exposed hide. Fully grown larvae
of the casemaking clothes moth make
cigar-shaped, open-ended silken cases
that are about 3/8 inch long, often with
pieces of infested material incorporated
into the case. The case containing a live
larva is often attached to the infested
material at on end.
Pheromone traps, discussed below in
Trapping, are also very useful for de-tecting
clothes moths.
Preventing or Reducing
Infestations
Periodically cleaning areas in your
home that can harbor clothes moths can
prevent or control infestations. These
areas include seldom-cleaned spots
such as beneath heavy pieces of furni-ture;
along baseboards and in cracks
where hair and debris accumulate; in
closets, especially those in which wool-ens
and furs are kept; and inside and
behind heaters and inside vents.
The vacuum cleaner is the best tool for
most of this cleaning. After using it
in infested areas, dispose of the bag’s
contents
promptly, since it can include
eggs, larvae, or adult moths.
Clothes moths might initially estab-lish
themselves on woolen garments
or scraps stored for long periods. In
addition to properly storing woolen
items (See Protecting Items in Stor-age.),
periodically hang them in the
sun and brush them thoroughly, especially
along seams and inside folds and
pockets. Brushing destroys eggs and
exposes larvae. Larvae don’t like bright
light and will fall from clothing when
they can’t find protection.
If the infestation is in a closet, be sure
to remove and clean all clothes and
fabric that were stored inside and thor-oughly
vacuum and wash the inside
of the closet, especially all cracks and
crevices, before returning the cleaned
clothes. Dust insecticides containing
pyrethroids or pyrethrin (e.g., 0.05%
deltamethrin or 1% pyrethrin) can
be applied in the cracks and crevices.
Always follow the label requirements
when applying these dusts.
Dry Cleaning and Laundering
The most common
and effective
method for killing all stages of clothes
moths in clothing, blankets, and other
washable articles is to thoroughly laun-der
them for 20 to 30 minutes in water
that is at least 120°F. Because many
woolen items shouldn’t be washed in
hot water, sending your items to a dry
cleaner might be the only suitable op-tion.
Keeping fabrics clean has another
3. March 2013 Clothes Moths
◆ 3 of 4 ◆
advantage—insects are less likely to
feed on clean fabrics than on heavily
soiled ones.
Protecting Items in Storage
Clothes moths often damage improp-erly
stored articles. When storing sus-ceptible
items, be sure they are clean
and pest free, and place them in an
airtight container. You can place insect
repellents
such as herbal oils into the
storage container,
but little is known
about their effectiveness.
Moth balls, flakes, or crystals containing
1,4-dichlorobenzene (also called
paradichlorobenzene)
also are avail-able
for protecting clothes in storage.
Because these materials are toxic, be
sure to keep them away from children
and pets. These products have other
shortcomings as well. They leave an
unpleasant odor on clothes and other
cloth objects, and if these products
come into contact with plastic buttons,
hangers, or garment bags, they can
cause the plastic to soften and melt into
the fabric.
As these chemicals evaporate, they
produce
vapors that, in sufficient
concentration,
will slowly kill insects.
The vapors build up to the required
concentration
only in an airtight container.
If the container isn’t airtight, the
chemicals only somewhat repel adults,
and any larvae already on clothes continue
to feed.
The effectiveness
of cedar chests and
closet floors made of cedar is debatable.
Aromatic eastern red cedar, Juniperus
virginiana, contains an oil that can kill
small larvae, but it doesn’t affect large
larvae. After several years, however, ce-dar
loses this quality. Having a tightly
constructed
chest is more important
in the long run than the type of wood
used to make it.
Freezing and Heating
You can also control clothes moths by
heating the infested item in an oven
for at least 30 minutes at temperatures
higher than 120°F, enclosing the item
in a plastic bag and placing it in a
freezer for several days at tempera-tures
lower than 18°F, or fumigating
the item with dry ice. Before using any
of these methods, consider if cold or
heat will damage the fabric. For more
information, see the Household Fur-nishings
section.
Trapping
Trapping is a relatively easy-to-use
technique that helps to detect and
reduce a webbing clothes moth in-festation.
Pheromone traps are available
to trap both the webbing clothes
moth and the casemaking clothes
moth. Pheromones are chemicals an
organism
produces—in this case a
sex attractant—to affect the behavior
of other members of the same spe-cies.
The sex pheromone attracts male
moths into the trap where they get
stuck on the sticky sides. Because
the pheromone specifically attracts
clothes moths, it won’t attract other
moth species. Conversely, pheromone
traps for other species such as grain-infesting
moths won’t attract clothes
moths. Pheromone traps for clothes
moths are available at major hard-ware
stores.
Place traps in closets and other
clothes-storage areas. Trapping not
only enables you to detect the pres-ence
of clothes moths but provides
some control, because trapped males
can’t mate. However, if you trap
moths, you should also take other
measures, such as dry cleaning or
laundering,
to protect clothes exposed
to moths.
Using Insecticide Sprays
If you have clothes moths but the ar-ticles
can’t be dry cleaned, laundered,
heated, frozen,
kept in cold storage,
or fumigated with dry ice, you can
spray them with an insecticide.
Find
a product that lists clothes moths on
its label, and follow the directions
exactly. Insecticides for clothes moths
usually contain pyrethrins, which
provide quick knockdown of clothes
moths. You can spray most of these
products directly onto fabrics. Always
follow the instructions in the product
label. Pyrethrin insecticides don’t leave
persistent toxic residues, which makes
them more suitable for clothes moth
control in many cases than a lot of
other products.
Some insecticide sprays have an oil
base, so don’t spray them on silk, rayon,
or other fabrics that stain easily. Also,
don’t use them around open flames,
sparks, or electrical circuits, and don’t
spray them on asphalt tile floors.
For surfaces you suspect might stain,
first spray a small, inconspicuous area
and let it dry to see if staining occurs.
Widespread or heavy infestations often
require the services of a professional
pest control applicator.
Special Situations
Rugs, carpets, furs, and household
furnishings
require special attention
to protect them from clothes moths.
However, rugs and furnishings made
entirely of synthetic
fibers aren’t
affected; this includes
most wall-to-wall
carpeting.
Wool Rugs and Carpets. Closely in-spect
beneath heavy furniture and
along carpet edges for infestation. You
can dry clean area rugs or hang them
out in the sun and then vacuum them.
Pull back the edges of infested wall-to-wall
carpets, so you can apply an in-secticide
to both sides. Spray the upper
surface of the carpet lightly to reduce
the possibility of staining. If the rug
pad contains animal hair or wool and
hasn’t been treated by the manufac-turer,
spray it as well. It is better to wait
until the rug has dried before
putting
any weight on it.
Fur. Applying protective sprays to furs
isn’t recommended. If you store furs at
home during the summer, protect
them
with moth crystals, flakes, or balls, or
frequently shake and air the items.
Furs in commercial cold storage receive
professional care, and you can insure
them against damage.
Household Furnishings. Some furniture,
mattresses, and pillows are
stuffed with animal products such as
4. March 2013 Clothes Moths
◆ 4 of 4 ◆
hair or feathers. When clothes moths
get into the stuffing, you won’t be able
to control them simply by spraying
the outside
surface of the item. The
best way to eliminate the moths is to
fumigate the item with dry ice or have
a pest control
or storage firm treat the
infested item with lethal gas in a fumi-gation
vault.
To fumigate an object with dry ice,
place the item and the ice into a thick
(4 mil) plastic bag. Don’t handle dry ice
with your bare hands, because it will
quickly freeze your skin. If you use a
plastic bag with a 30-gallon capacity, a
1/2- to 1-pound piece of dry ice should
be adequate.
Seal the bag loosely at the
top until all of the dry ice has vapor-ized;
this will allow the air to escape
and keep the bag from bursting. When
the dry ice is gone, tighten the seal, and
let the bag sit for three or four days.
Proper fumigation gives quick, satis-factory
control and kills all stages of
clothes moths, although it doesn’t pre-vent
reinfestation.
Sometimes felts and hammers in
pianos become infested and so badly
damaged that it seriously affects the
tone and action of the instrument.
Contact a piano technician, who
might recommend synthetic felt re-placements.
REFERENCES
Mallis, A. 2011. Handbook of Pest Con-trol,
10th ed. Richfield, Ohio: GIE
Media Inc.
Moore, W. S., C. S. Koehler, and C. S.
Davis. 1979. Carpet Beetles and Clothes
Moths. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat.
Res. Publ. 2524.
O’Connor-Marer, P. 2006. Residential,
Industrial, and Institutional Pest Control,
2nd ed. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric.
Nat. Res. Publ. 3334.
Smith, E. H., and R. C. Whitman. 2007.
NPMA Field Guide to Structural Pests,
2nd ed. Fairfax, Va: Natl. Pest Manage-ment
Assoc. v
AUTHOR: D.-H. Choe, Entomology, UC
Riverside.
TECHNICAL EDITOR: M. L. Flint
EDITOR: M. L. Fayard
ILLUSTRATIONS: Figs. 1–5, D.-H. Choe.
This and other Pest Notes are available at
www.ipm.ucdavis.edu.
For more information, contact the University of
California Cooperative Extension office in your
county. See your telephone directory for addresses
and phone numbers, or visit http://ucanr.org/ce.cfm.
WARNING ON THE USE OF CHEMICALS
Pesticides are poisonous. Always read and carefully follow all precautions and safety recommendations
given on the container label. Store all chemicals in the original, labeled containers in a locked cabinet or shed,
away from food or feeds, and out of the reach of children, unauthorized persons, pets, and livestock.
Pesticides applied in your home and landscape can move and contaminate creeks, rivers, and oceans.
Confine chemicals to the property being treated. Avoid drift onto neighboring properties, especially gardens
containing fruits or vegetables ready to be picked.
Do not place containers containing pesticide in the trash or pour pesticides down the sink or toilet. Either use
the pesticide according to the label, or take unwanted pesticides to a Household Hazardous Waste Collection
site. Contact your county agricultural commissioner for additional information on safe container disposal and
for the location of the Household Hazardous Waste Collection site nearest you. Dispose of empty containers
by following label directions. Never reuse or burn the containers or dispose of them in such a manner that
they may contaminate water supplies or natural waterways.
ANR NONDISCRIMINATION AND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICY STATEMENT
The University of California prohibits discrimination or harassment of any person in any of its programs
or activities. The complete nondiscrimination policy statement can be found at http://ucanr.org/sites/anrstaff/
files/107734.doc. Inquiries regarding the university’s equal employment opportunity policies may be directed
to Linda Marie Manton, Affirmative Action Contact, University of California, Davis, Agriculture and Natural
Resources, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, (530) 752-0495.
Produced by UC Statewide
Integrated Pest Management Program
University of California, Davis, CA 95616
University of California scientists and other
qualified professionals have anonymously peer
reviewed this publication for technical accuracy.
The ANR Associate Editor for Pest Management
managed this process.
To simplify information, trade names of products
have been used. No endorsement of named products
is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products
that are not mentioned.
This material is partially based upon work
supported by the Extension Service, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, under special project Section 3(d),
Integrated Pest Management.