Silverfish and firebrats are small, wingless insects that feed on materials like paper, clothing, and food. They are commonly found in homes, hiding in places like bookshelves during the day and coming out at night to feed. Both insects can damage books and other paper products by scraping or chewing small holes. To control silverfish and firebrats, homeowners should clean and dry hiding places, seal cracks and crevices, and apply insecticide sprays or dusts directly into infested areas as needed.
Carpenterworms are wood-boring insects that can cause damage to trees like apricot, ash, birch, and others near riparian areas. Signs of infestation include dark sap spots and frass expelled from galleries. Larvae bore into trees, creating galleries up to 6-10 inches long. Adults are large moths that lay eggs on tree bark. Larvae hatch and feed for 2-4 years before pupating and emerging as adults in May through July. Extensive feeding can cause branches to weaken and break. Integrated pest management involves monitoring, removing heavily infested wood, and applying beneficial nematodes to control carpenterworm larvae.
This document summarizes mushroom diseases and disorders caused by biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, and insects. Major fungal diseases described are olive green mould, inky caps, brown plaster mould, green mould, false truffle, and white plaster mould. Bacterial diseases include bacterial blotch. Abiotic disorders discussed are rose comb, stroma, hollow core/stem, long stem/stipe, brown discoloration, scales or crocodiles, and purple stem. Causes, symptoms, and management strategies are provided for each disease and disorder.
This document provides information on identifying and controlling wasps and yellowjackets. It describes the different types of wasps and yellowjackets, including their physical characteristics, habits, nesting behaviors, and feeding behaviors. The document outlines both non-toxic and least-toxic prevention and control methods, such as inspecting and sealing structures, trapping insects, removing nests physically or with vacuuming, and using dusts or enzymes. It emphasizes the importance of inspection in spring to locate and address nests before they become large problems.
This document provides information on managing common nuisance wildlife, including bats, bees, coyotes, deer, geese, raccoons, skunks, and snakes. For each animal, it discusses when to contact experts, exclusion and habitat modification techniques, frightening methods, and repellents. The document stresses safely dealing with protected wildlife and avoiding harm. It concludes by listing additional resources for wildlife management information.
This document discusses least-toxic methods for controlling ticks and preventing Lyme disease. It provides background on the discovery and transmission of Lyme disease. Prevention tips include reducing habitat for mice that carry ticks, wearing protective clothing, and checking for ticks regularly. For removal, ticks should be carefully removed with tweezers and the site cleaned. Non-chemical control methods like tick drags and carbon dioxide traps can also help reduce tick populations in areas where exposure occurs.
There are over 200 species of ticks globally, with hard ticks posing the greatest risk to humans. Ticks can live entirely indoors, making them difficult to treat. Several species of hard ticks feed on hosts for days to weeks, ingesting over 600 times their body weight. Females then lay thousands of eggs. A tick's lifecycle ranges from 3 months to 2 years. While treatments can reduce tick populations, complete eradication is impossible. The key is creating tick-free zones by clearing brush, mowing lawns, and using wood chips or gravel barriers between lawns and wooded areas. Treatments target the lawn-woodland edge and first 10 feet into grass and 20 feet into shrubs
Control of 25 Household Pests (Pests of Medical Impotance)Amos Watentena
This document provides control methods for 25 common household pests, including rodents, snails, bats, ticks, flies, spiders, ants, bedbugs, mosquitoes, wasps, beetles, mites, lice, millipedes, cockroaches, and more. For each pest, it lists 2-4 specific control techniques such as removing food sources, sealing entry points, using traps, cleaning, and applying pesticides. Many methods emphasize sanitation, exclusion, and eliminating breeding grounds to manage pest populations without widespread use of chemicals.
Carpenterworms are wood-boring insects that can cause damage to trees like apricot, ash, birch, and others near riparian areas. Signs of infestation include dark sap spots and frass expelled from galleries. Larvae bore into trees, creating galleries up to 6-10 inches long. Adults are large moths that lay eggs on tree bark. Larvae hatch and feed for 2-4 years before pupating and emerging as adults in May through July. Extensive feeding can cause branches to weaken and break. Integrated pest management involves monitoring, removing heavily infested wood, and applying beneficial nematodes to control carpenterworm larvae.
This document summarizes mushroom diseases and disorders caused by biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, and insects. Major fungal diseases described are olive green mould, inky caps, brown plaster mould, green mould, false truffle, and white plaster mould. Bacterial diseases include bacterial blotch. Abiotic disorders discussed are rose comb, stroma, hollow core/stem, long stem/stipe, brown discoloration, scales or crocodiles, and purple stem. Causes, symptoms, and management strategies are provided for each disease and disorder.
This document provides information on identifying and controlling wasps and yellowjackets. It describes the different types of wasps and yellowjackets, including their physical characteristics, habits, nesting behaviors, and feeding behaviors. The document outlines both non-toxic and least-toxic prevention and control methods, such as inspecting and sealing structures, trapping insects, removing nests physically or with vacuuming, and using dusts or enzymes. It emphasizes the importance of inspection in spring to locate and address nests before they become large problems.
This document provides information on managing common nuisance wildlife, including bats, bees, coyotes, deer, geese, raccoons, skunks, and snakes. For each animal, it discusses when to contact experts, exclusion and habitat modification techniques, frightening methods, and repellents. The document stresses safely dealing with protected wildlife and avoiding harm. It concludes by listing additional resources for wildlife management information.
This document discusses least-toxic methods for controlling ticks and preventing Lyme disease. It provides background on the discovery and transmission of Lyme disease. Prevention tips include reducing habitat for mice that carry ticks, wearing protective clothing, and checking for ticks regularly. For removal, ticks should be carefully removed with tweezers and the site cleaned. Non-chemical control methods like tick drags and carbon dioxide traps can also help reduce tick populations in areas where exposure occurs.
There are over 200 species of ticks globally, with hard ticks posing the greatest risk to humans. Ticks can live entirely indoors, making them difficult to treat. Several species of hard ticks feed on hosts for days to weeks, ingesting over 600 times their body weight. Females then lay thousands of eggs. A tick's lifecycle ranges from 3 months to 2 years. While treatments can reduce tick populations, complete eradication is impossible. The key is creating tick-free zones by clearing brush, mowing lawns, and using wood chips or gravel barriers between lawns and wooded areas. Treatments target the lawn-woodland edge and first 10 feet into grass and 20 feet into shrubs
Control of 25 Household Pests (Pests of Medical Impotance)Amos Watentena
This document provides control methods for 25 common household pests, including rodents, snails, bats, ticks, flies, spiders, ants, bedbugs, mosquitoes, wasps, beetles, mites, lice, millipedes, cockroaches, and more. For each pest, it lists 2-4 specific control techniques such as removing food sources, sealing entry points, using traps, cleaning, and applying pesticides. Many methods emphasize sanitation, exclusion, and eliminating breeding grounds to manage pest populations without widespread use of chemicals.
The key to long-term cockroach control is eliminating their food, water, and shelter sources. Cockroaches can travel through small cracks and crevices to spread from areas with steady food sources like kitchens. The most effective control methods are preventing infestations by sealing entry points and removing food/water sources, and using boric acid or diatomaceous earth in cracks if an infestation occurs.
Lichens growing on tree trunks pose no threat to trees' health. Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, where the fungus surrounds the algae or bacteria. Their presence indicates relatively clean air as they do not grow in polluted areas. There is no need to remove lichens from trees as doing so could damage the bark.
Fleas are common parasite, found in almost allregions of the world. Dogs and cats mainly get infested with fleas during contact with other animals or contact with the fleas infested environment.
This document discusses various arthropods (insects and other jointed-legged invertebrates) that can transmit diseases to humans. It covers the classification of arthropods and describes important disease-carrying types such as mosquitoes, flies, lice, fleas, ticks, mites, bed bugs, and cyclops. For each one, it discusses their life cycle, the diseases they transmit, and methods for control and prevention of their spreading illnesses to humans. Rodents are also mentioned as carriers of diseases through bites and contamination of food and water sources.
Carpenter ants seminar work by Uwamose martinsUwamose MNO
Carpenter ants are social insects, with colonies made up of several different forms or “castes”. They are so-called carpenter ants because of their habit of chewing wood to create nest sites. They do not eat wood, like termites, but excavate it with their strong, saw-like jaws to create random galleries where they nest. They play ecosystem roles particularly by aiding in the decomposition of decaying tees. Carpenter ants belong to the subfamily Formicinae (Genus: Camponotus)
How to get rid of common household pests in AustraliaWebstrategies
Household pests in Australia are not only annoying to have around, but could also pose a risk to your family’s health and safety if they are not quickly eradicated. In this article, we shall be looking at some of the most common household pests in Australia, how to identify infestations, how to prevent them and how to control them.
Dutch Elm Disease is a fungus spread by elm bark beetles that entered North America in 1928 after beetles brought the disease from the Netherlands on logs. The elm bark beetle tunnels into elm trees to lay eggs, and the larvae further tunnel and feed, spreading the fungus from diseased trees to healthy ones. Prevention is difficult but includes trapping beetles and not transporting firewood to new areas.
Learning about the critters and plants that may keep people out of our parks. A little bit of education goes a long way and understanding how these natural things work can help us manage them and manage the fear and misconceptions the public has toward them.
Custom Weed & Pest Control has been in business since 1989, serving the greater Phoenix metro area for both residential and commercial. We offer organic, natural and chemical pest control, with customized service to meet your specific needs. VISIT SITE
http://wekillweeds.com
CUSTOM WEED & PEST CONTROL
Phoenix AZ 85044
602-956-3844
623-376-7743
info@wekillweeds.com
This document discusses skunks, including their biology, behavior, and management. It describes the two species found in California - the striped skunk and spotted skunk. Skunks are nocturnal and eat a variety of foods, including insects, eggs, fruit, and garbage. They can carry diseases like rabies. The document outlines non-lethal control methods like exclusion and habitat modification, as well as trapping and odor removal. It stresses the importance of rabies prevention and cautions that skunk bites require medical attention.
Pest Management In Commercial Food EstablishmentsDarren Kincaid
Environmental Health Services, a Pest Control comapnay specializing in eco-sensitive pest solutions, presents an extremely informative presentation on how pests, rodents, and insects can be controlled in commercial food establishments.
The house mouse is one of the most troublesome and costly rodents in the United States. It thrives in and around homes and structures and consumes and contaminates food. House mice can transmit pathogens that cause diseases. While house mice are not known to carry hantavirus, the deer mouse sometimes found in homes does carry the deadly Sin Nombre virus. Effective control of house mice involves sanitation, exclusion of entry points larger than 1/4 inch, and population reduction through trapping or baiting.
This document discusses several common pest flies that breed in animal waste and organic material. It describes the life cycles of these flies, which include the egg, larva (maggot), pupa, and adult stages. The document focuses on management of these flies through sanitation practices like removing breeding materials to disrupt their life cycle, and using non-chemical controls before insecticides as a last resort. It provides more detail on the house fly and little house fly, describing their identification, life cycles, damage, and recommended management approaches.
Flacherie. Flacherie (literally: "flaccidness") is a disease of silkworms, caused by silkworms eating infected or contaminated mulberry leaves. ... Bacterial pathogens contributing to infectious flaccherie are Serratia marcescens, and species of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus in the form known as thatte roga.
The document summarizes different types of mites including itch mites, house dust mites, and scrub typhus mites. Itch mites cause scabies in humans through burrowing under the skin. House dust mites are found worldwide in dust and are a common cause of allergies. Scrub typhus is transmitted by the larvae of trombiculid mites and causes a disease called scrub typhus in parts of Asia and Australia.
Indoor air quality is important because people spend 90% of their time indoors. Poor indoor air quality can cause respiratory issues, allergies, and reduce life expectancy. Common indoor pollutants like dust mites, mold, and fine dust negatively impact health when inhaled. Maintaining proper humidity between 45-55% and avoiding allergens and other pollutants can help improve indoor air quality and prevent chronic diseases.
This document provides instructions for growing mushrooms using Midwest Grow Kits mushroom grow kits. It details the setup process for the simple kit, including inoculating jars with spore solution, incubating the jars for mycelial growth, "birthing" cakes from jars, rehydrating cakes through dunking, creating a fruiting chamber with damp perlite, and inducing fruiting through light, humidity and temperature changes to produce pinning and harvesting of mushrooms. Tips are provided for optimal mushroom growth and yields.
The document discusses the four kingdoms of life - Fungi, Monera, Protoctista, and Viruses. It provides details about each kingdom, including what types of organisms they contain and their characteristics. For example, it states that the Fungi kingdom includes mushrooms and other fungi that can reproduce sexually through spores or asexually through budding or fragmentation. The document also covers plant species such as algae, mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants, describing their key features.
Nosema bombycis is a microsporidium that kills all of the silkworms hatched from infected eggs and comes from the food that silkworms eat. ... Therefore, it is extremely important to rule out all eggs from infected moths by checking the moth's body fluid under a microscope.
The mosquito life cycle begins with eggs laid near water. The eggs hatch into larvae called "wrigglers" that feed and molt over 4 instar stages typically taking 2-7 days. Larvae develop into non-feeding pupae that breathe through trumpets at the surface for about 2 days. Adults emerge from the pupal case and females require blood meals for egg production before mating and restarting the cycle. The full cycle from egg to adult can range from 7-30 days depending on temperature and conditions.
carpet beetle Their Control and Management.pptxtalalihsan52
1) The document describes three species of carpet beetles - the varied carpet beetle (Anthrenus verbasci), furniture carpet beetle (A. flavipes), and black carpet beetle (Attagenus unicolor).
2) It provides details on the taxonomy, identification, life cycles, damage caused, and monitoring and control methods for carpet beetles.
3) Natural predators like the parasitoid wasp Laelius pedatus help control the varied carpet beetle by laying eggs on the beetle larvae after attempting to brush off hairs the larvae erects in defense.
This document provides information about various cockroach species. It discusses their physical characteristics, life cycles, habitats, and importance as household pests. Control methods mentioned include sanitation, monitoring with traps, and targeted applications of baits, dusts or sprays in cracks and crevices where cockroaches hide. Effective control requires an integrated approach combining chemical treatments with exclusion and eliminating food/water sources.
The key to long-term cockroach control is eliminating their food, water, and shelter sources. Cockroaches can travel through small cracks and crevices to spread from areas with steady food sources like kitchens. The most effective control methods are preventing infestations by sealing entry points and removing food/water sources, and using boric acid or diatomaceous earth in cracks if an infestation occurs.
Lichens growing on tree trunks pose no threat to trees' health. Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, where the fungus surrounds the algae or bacteria. Their presence indicates relatively clean air as they do not grow in polluted areas. There is no need to remove lichens from trees as doing so could damage the bark.
Fleas are common parasite, found in almost allregions of the world. Dogs and cats mainly get infested with fleas during contact with other animals or contact with the fleas infested environment.
This document discusses various arthropods (insects and other jointed-legged invertebrates) that can transmit diseases to humans. It covers the classification of arthropods and describes important disease-carrying types such as mosquitoes, flies, lice, fleas, ticks, mites, bed bugs, and cyclops. For each one, it discusses their life cycle, the diseases they transmit, and methods for control and prevention of their spreading illnesses to humans. Rodents are also mentioned as carriers of diseases through bites and contamination of food and water sources.
Carpenter ants seminar work by Uwamose martinsUwamose MNO
Carpenter ants are social insects, with colonies made up of several different forms or “castes”. They are so-called carpenter ants because of their habit of chewing wood to create nest sites. They do not eat wood, like termites, but excavate it with their strong, saw-like jaws to create random galleries where they nest. They play ecosystem roles particularly by aiding in the decomposition of decaying tees. Carpenter ants belong to the subfamily Formicinae (Genus: Camponotus)
How to get rid of common household pests in AustraliaWebstrategies
Household pests in Australia are not only annoying to have around, but could also pose a risk to your family’s health and safety if they are not quickly eradicated. In this article, we shall be looking at some of the most common household pests in Australia, how to identify infestations, how to prevent them and how to control them.
Dutch Elm Disease is a fungus spread by elm bark beetles that entered North America in 1928 after beetles brought the disease from the Netherlands on logs. The elm bark beetle tunnels into elm trees to lay eggs, and the larvae further tunnel and feed, spreading the fungus from diseased trees to healthy ones. Prevention is difficult but includes trapping beetles and not transporting firewood to new areas.
Learning about the critters and plants that may keep people out of our parks. A little bit of education goes a long way and understanding how these natural things work can help us manage them and manage the fear and misconceptions the public has toward them.
Custom Weed & Pest Control has been in business since 1989, serving the greater Phoenix metro area for both residential and commercial. We offer organic, natural and chemical pest control, with customized service to meet your specific needs. VISIT SITE
http://wekillweeds.com
CUSTOM WEED & PEST CONTROL
Phoenix AZ 85044
602-956-3844
623-376-7743
info@wekillweeds.com
This document discusses skunks, including their biology, behavior, and management. It describes the two species found in California - the striped skunk and spotted skunk. Skunks are nocturnal and eat a variety of foods, including insects, eggs, fruit, and garbage. They can carry diseases like rabies. The document outlines non-lethal control methods like exclusion and habitat modification, as well as trapping and odor removal. It stresses the importance of rabies prevention and cautions that skunk bites require medical attention.
Pest Management In Commercial Food EstablishmentsDarren Kincaid
Environmental Health Services, a Pest Control comapnay specializing in eco-sensitive pest solutions, presents an extremely informative presentation on how pests, rodents, and insects can be controlled in commercial food establishments.
The house mouse is one of the most troublesome and costly rodents in the United States. It thrives in and around homes and structures and consumes and contaminates food. House mice can transmit pathogens that cause diseases. While house mice are not known to carry hantavirus, the deer mouse sometimes found in homes does carry the deadly Sin Nombre virus. Effective control of house mice involves sanitation, exclusion of entry points larger than 1/4 inch, and population reduction through trapping or baiting.
This document discusses several common pest flies that breed in animal waste and organic material. It describes the life cycles of these flies, which include the egg, larva (maggot), pupa, and adult stages. The document focuses on management of these flies through sanitation practices like removing breeding materials to disrupt their life cycle, and using non-chemical controls before insecticides as a last resort. It provides more detail on the house fly and little house fly, describing their identification, life cycles, damage, and recommended management approaches.
Flacherie. Flacherie (literally: "flaccidness") is a disease of silkworms, caused by silkworms eating infected or contaminated mulberry leaves. ... Bacterial pathogens contributing to infectious flaccherie are Serratia marcescens, and species of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus in the form known as thatte roga.
The document summarizes different types of mites including itch mites, house dust mites, and scrub typhus mites. Itch mites cause scabies in humans through burrowing under the skin. House dust mites are found worldwide in dust and are a common cause of allergies. Scrub typhus is transmitted by the larvae of trombiculid mites and causes a disease called scrub typhus in parts of Asia and Australia.
Indoor air quality is important because people spend 90% of their time indoors. Poor indoor air quality can cause respiratory issues, allergies, and reduce life expectancy. Common indoor pollutants like dust mites, mold, and fine dust negatively impact health when inhaled. Maintaining proper humidity between 45-55% and avoiding allergens and other pollutants can help improve indoor air quality and prevent chronic diseases.
This document provides instructions for growing mushrooms using Midwest Grow Kits mushroom grow kits. It details the setup process for the simple kit, including inoculating jars with spore solution, incubating the jars for mycelial growth, "birthing" cakes from jars, rehydrating cakes through dunking, creating a fruiting chamber with damp perlite, and inducing fruiting through light, humidity and temperature changes to produce pinning and harvesting of mushrooms. Tips are provided for optimal mushroom growth and yields.
The document discusses the four kingdoms of life - Fungi, Monera, Protoctista, and Viruses. It provides details about each kingdom, including what types of organisms they contain and their characteristics. For example, it states that the Fungi kingdom includes mushrooms and other fungi that can reproduce sexually through spores or asexually through budding or fragmentation. The document also covers plant species such as algae, mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants, describing their key features.
Nosema bombycis is a microsporidium that kills all of the silkworms hatched from infected eggs and comes from the food that silkworms eat. ... Therefore, it is extremely important to rule out all eggs from infected moths by checking the moth's body fluid under a microscope.
The mosquito life cycle begins with eggs laid near water. The eggs hatch into larvae called "wrigglers" that feed and molt over 4 instar stages typically taking 2-7 days. Larvae develop into non-feeding pupae that breathe through trumpets at the surface for about 2 days. Adults emerge from the pupal case and females require blood meals for egg production before mating and restarting the cycle. The full cycle from egg to adult can range from 7-30 days depending on temperature and conditions.
carpet beetle Their Control and Management.pptxtalalihsan52
1) The document describes three species of carpet beetles - the varied carpet beetle (Anthrenus verbasci), furniture carpet beetle (A. flavipes), and black carpet beetle (Attagenus unicolor).
2) It provides details on the taxonomy, identification, life cycles, damage caused, and monitoring and control methods for carpet beetles.
3) Natural predators like the parasitoid wasp Laelius pedatus help control the varied carpet beetle by laying eggs on the beetle larvae after attempting to brush off hairs the larvae erects in defense.
This document provides information about various cockroach species. It discusses their physical characteristics, life cycles, habitats, and importance as household pests. Control methods mentioned include sanitation, monitoring with traps, and targeted applications of baits, dusts or sprays in cracks and crevices where cockroaches hide. Effective control requires an integrated approach combining chemical treatments with exclusion and eliminating food/water sources.
This document provides information about cockroaches, including their physical characteristics, life cycle, habitats, and control methods. It describes several common cockroach species found in homes (German, Brownbanded, Oriental) and discusses their egg laying habits and preferred environments. Detection of infestations involves thorough inspections and use of traps. Sanitation is key to control, including removing food/water sources. Chemical control options include sprays, dusts, baits, and insect growth regulators, with an emphasis on crack/crevice treatments. Integrated pest management using sanitation, exclusion and multiple treatments is recommended.
COCKROACHES What You Need to Know (1).pptxNanetteLaunius
This document provides information about cockroaches, including their physical characteristics, life cycle, habitats, and common species that infest homes. It discusses how cockroaches can be detected through thorough inspections and monitoring traps. Effective control requires an integrated approach of sanitation, exclusion, and targeted chemical treatments, as cockroaches are difficult to eliminate with a single treatment due to their habit of hiding in cracks and their egg capsules surviving treatments. Control products include baits, dusts, and sprays that should be applied in hiding places using crack and crevice methods.
Course COCKROACHES What You Need To Know.pptxPestCEUs
This document provides information about various cockroach species, their life cycles, habitats, and control methods. It discusses the identifying characteristics, egg laying habits, and preferred environments of common cockroach types like the German, Brownbanded, and Oriental cockroaches. Detection methods like trapping and visual inspections are outlined. Thorough sanitation, exclusion of entry points, and application of insecticides via baits, sprays or dusts to hiding places are recommended for effective control, with an emphasis on targeting each cockroach species' behaviors and needs.
This document provides information on identifying and controlling a flea infestation using least toxic methods. It describes the lifecycle of fleas, from egg to larva to adult, and how they feed and live on host animals. It then gives recommendations for monitoring flea populations, including using flea traps, and controlling the infestation through regular vacuuming, grooming pets, washing bedding, and applying boric acid or diatomaceous earth. Non-chemical controls like steaming, heat treatment, and nematodes are also recommended.
Cockroaches are highly adaptive insects that can survive on many food sources and in varied environments. There are over 4,600 cockroach species, but only 30 share habitats with humans, with the German, American, Australian, and Oriental cockroaches being the most common pest species. Effective cockroach control requires preventing access to food, water, and shelter as well as regular cleaning and maintenance to deny habitats. Monitoring with traps helps locate infestations and track treatment effectiveness. A combination of residual sprays, non-residual sprays, dusts, and baits applied according to label instructions can help control cockroaches, with baits being particularly effective as they allow slow ingestion of poison. Seeking
This document describes and compares several filth-breeding fly species found on farms and around residences. It provides details on the life cycle, breeding habits, and control methods for common flies like house flies, flesh flies, blow flies, bottle flies, filter flies, soldier flies, fruit flies, and more. Sanitation and eliminating breeding sources are the most effective non-chemical control methods. Chemical control can be achieved through larvicides, residual sprays, and space sprays applied according to label directions.
Course Filth-Breeding Flies and What You Need To Know.pptxPestCEUs
The document summarizes information about various filth-breeding fly pests, including their descriptions, breeding habits, life cycles, and control methods. It discusses common fly pests like house flies, stable flies, flesh flies, blow flies, bottle flies, filter flies, soldier flies, fruit flies, and hump-backed flies. For each pest, it provides details on their appearance, where they breed, how long their life cycle is, and both non-chemical and chemical control options. The overall document aims to educate about identifying and managing different filth-breeding fly species.
Course Roof Rats What You Need To Know.pptxNanetteLaunius
This document provides information on roof rat inspections and control strategies. It describes signs of roof rat infestation to look for, including droppings, gnawing damage, runways, and grease marks. Common areas where roof rats may nest or be active are attics, walls, storage areas, and trees/shrubbery near buildings. Thorough inspections of interiors and exteriors are important to locate entry points, food/water sources, and areas of high activity to focus control efforts. Control options depend on inspection findings and safety considerations for people and non-target animals.
The document discusses various types of ants, their behaviors, and strategies for control. It describes species like Argentine, odorous house, carpenter, and pharaoh ants and how their nesting behaviors impact control approaches. Repellent pesticides are generally not recommended as they can cause ants to spread or relocate. Integrated pest management techniques include adjusting lawn watering, sealing entry points, and applying non-repellent baits and liquids in and around structures. Proper identification of ant species is important for selecting effective control methods.
Course Roof Rats What You Need To Know.doc.pptxPestCEUs
Roof rats are slender rats that live in close association with humans. They frequently inhabit attics, rafters, and ceilings of buildings. Roof rats are nocturnal and breed throughout the year, with females having multiple litters of 4-12 pups. Roof rats can transmit diseases like hantavirus, murine typhus, rat-bite fever, salmonella, and leptospirosis to humans. Inspections for roof rat infestations should examine the interior and exterior of structures for signs of droppings, gnawing, runways, tracks, and grease marks to locate nesting and activity areas.
This document discusses different species of cockroaches that can become pests, including the German cockroach. It provides information on identifying features and preferred locations of indoor and outdoor cockroach species. Cockroaches can transmit diseases and allergens and contaminate food. The document outlines an integrated pest management approach including sanitation, monitoring with traps, using baits, and eliminating cockroach hiding places and food/water sources.
This document provides information on the roof rat (Rattus rattus), including:
1) A description of its physical appearance and the three color phases seen in Florida.
2) Details on its habits of living in close association with humans and frequenting attics and buildings.
3) Information about its breeding cycle of reaching sexual maturity at 3-4 months and giving birth to litters of 5-8 pups every 21-23 days, with 4-5 litters per year.
4) Diseases it can transmit including hantavirus, murine typhus, rat-bite fever, salmonella, and leptospirosis.
This document provides information on eye gnats, including their identification, life cycle, problems for humans and animals, and management strategies. Eye gnats are small flies that feed on bodily secretions around the eyes and can be a nuisance. Their life cycle is approximately 28 days and they breed in moist soils with organic matter. Effective control includes reducing moisture in soil where they breed and using traps baited with eggs to remove adult flies.
Slugs damage many common garden and ornamental plants, leaving large ragged holes. The most damaging slugs in western Washington are the grayish Deroceras reticulatum and the 3-4 inch long orange to black Arion ater. Slugs lay small clusters of 1/8-1/4 inch eggs that hatch after a few weeks. Cultural controls like removing habitat, trapping, and barriers such as copper fencing around plants are most effective at reducing slug populations. Chemical controls should be a last resort due to risks to pets and wildlife.
The document discusses various types of ants and their control. It provides details on species like Argentine ants, odorous house ants, carpenter ants, and fire ants. It emphasizes using integrated pest management and non-repellent pesticides for control. Overwatering or underwatering lawns can push ants inside, so proper watering is important. The document also highlights targeting the ants' food and water sources, as well as adjusting treatments based on the seasons and ants' behaviors.
Moth flies, also known as drain flies or sewage flies, are tiny dark-winged gnats that lay eggs and develop in moist organic matter like sink drains. The female lays eggs that hatch in 48 hours, and the larvae feed on wet organic material for 1-3 weeks before pupating and emerging as adults. While they do not bite, moth flies can be a nuisance when present in large numbers and may transmit pathogens from sewage or compost breeding sites. The best way to control moth fly populations is to locate and eliminate their breeding sources by thoroughly cleaning drains and removing standing water or organic matter.
The non-biting flies are one of the most important pest group because they are not only nuisance pests, but many are also important in disease transmission.
2) Flies feed on a variety of food materials but most of those of structural importance develop in either fermenting or decaying organic matter, although a few are parasitic on other animals. Fly control is often quite challenging because their larval developmental sites must usually be located and eliminated for success, and these sites may be some distance from where the adults are nuisance. Also, flies may invade the walls and attics of structures in large numbers to overwinter, presenting winter-time control challenge.
This document discusses strategies for controlling various ant species. It recommends using integrated pest management practices like sealing cracks and gaps where ants enter, properly watering lawns to avoid pushing ants inside, and eliminating recurring food or moisture sources that attract ants. For treatment, it advises using bait and crack and crevice applications of non-repellent pesticides. Repellent products can cause ant colonies to relocate or divide. Different ant species require tailored approaches, like treating fire ant mounds individually and using baits for perimeter control.
Similar to Silverfish and Firebrats Integrated Pest Management (20)
Marthe Cohn was a Jewish French spy who risked her life to gather intelligence for the French resistance during WWII. She infiltrated Nazi Germany using her fluent German and managed to discover key military information. As a result, the French army was able to achieve an important victory. Cohn went on to have a long career as a nurse and nurse anesthetist. She has received numerous honors for her wartime heroism and courageously fights to keep the memory of the Holocaust alive.
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Silverfish and Firebrats Integrated Pest Management
1. PEST NOTES Publication 7475
University of California
Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program
Agriculture and Natural Resources December 2009
If items on your bookshelf have chewed-on pages and bindings, suspect the look‑alike household pests silverfish and firebrats. Both insects have enzymes in their gut that digest cellulose, and they choose bookcases, closets, and places where books, clothing, starch, or dry foods are available.
Silverfish and firebrats are nocturnal and hide during the day. If the object they are hiding beneath is moved, they will dart toward another secluded place. They come out at night to seek food and water. Both insects prefer dry food such as cereals, flour, pasta, and pet food; paper with glue or paste; sizing in paper including wallpaper; book bindings; and starch in clothing. Household dust and debris, dead insects, and certain fungi also are important sources of food. However, they can live for several months without nourishment.
Large numbers of these insects can invade new homes from surrounding wild areas, especially as these areas dry out during the summer. They also can come in on lumber, wallboard, and similar products. Freshly laid concrete and green lumber supply humidity, while wallpaper paste provides food.
IDENTIFICATION
The common silverfish, Lepisma saccharina, is shiny, silver or pearl gray, and about 1/2 inch long, although it can grow as long as 3/4 inch. The common firebrat, Thermobia domestica, is shiny, a mottled gray or brown, and about 1/2 inch long. Adults of both species are slender, wingless, soft‑bodied insects with 2 long, slender antennae (Fig. 1). Their bodies taper gradually from front to rear to 3 long, thin, taillike appendages.
Although small nymphs (those that are less than 1/8 inch long) lack scales, both large nymphs and adults have them. If you see scales around or beneath damaged items, it is a good indication that these pests are the culprits. The scales are delicate, dustlike, and slightly incandescent in the light, and they stick to most surfaces.
LIFE CYCLE
Eggs of both species are about 1/25 of an inch long. The females lay the eggs in crevices, on cloth, or buried in food or dust. The average clutch contains 50 eggs, but this can vary from 1 to 200. Firebrat eggs hatch in about 14 days and silverfish eggs in about 19 to 32 days. In colder environments eggs can remain dormant for up to 6 weeks, hatching as soon as the temperature rises.
Newly hatched nymphs are about 1/16 of an inch long, plump, white, and have no scales. They acquire their scales about 12 days after their fourth molt; at that point the firebrat and silverfish look like smaller versions of the adults and gradually grow in size until they reach maturity (Fig. 2). Unlike other insects, firebrats and silverfish molt continuously throughout their life, passing through 45 to 60 instars or development stages. Firebrats live about 2 years and silverfish about 3 years.
When the temperature is below 50°F, firebrats can take as long as 300 days and silverfish as long as 500 days to develop into adults. When it is above 75°F, it can take firebrats as few as 40 days and silverfish as little as 60 days to develop into adults.
Adults have an interesting courtship in which males attract females with a mating dance that includes antennae contact and head wagging, after which the male deposits a protected capsule containing sperm for the female to pick up. To keep the capsule from drying out, males often will lay it on a moist surface, so it is common to see adult insects clustered around damp areas when mating. Firebrats and silverfish tend to crowd together in a central hiding place during the day to rest, and it is here where the females often lay their eggs. Both sexes produce pheromones, or chemicals, that initiate these aggregations, and when these insects crowd together, it helps regulate the temperature and humidity around the eggs and young nymphs.
Silverfish live and develop in damp, warm places, preferring areas such as laundry rooms that are 71º to 90ºF. At higher temperatures, the relative humidIntegrated
Pest Management In and Around the Home
Silverfish and Firebrats
Figure 1. Adult firebrat (left) and silverfish.
Figure 2. Firebrat adult (left) and nymphal instars, or development stages.
2. December 2009 Silverfish and Firebrats
◆ 2 of 3 ◆
ity must be above 75%. As their common
names implies, firebrats thrive best in
very warm, dry places with a relative
humidity as low as 30% and tempera-tures
above 90ºF, with the optimum
being 98º to 102ºF. However, they can
survive at temperatures ranging from
freezing to well above 100ºF. You can
find them around ovens, heating units,
fireplaces, hot water pipes, attics dur-ing
the summer, and the furnace dur-ing
winter. In apartments and homes,
this insect crawls along pipelines and
through openings in walls or floors from
one level to another. Sometimes you’ll
see these pests in your bathtub or sink.
Even though they can’t crawl up through
the drain, if they fall in they can’t climb
up the slippery sides to escape.
DAMAGE
Firebrats and silverfish have very weak
mandibles, or jaws, which causes them
to scrape, instead of bite, the surface of
paper (Fig. 3). Page discoloration often
occurs because of the fungi associated
with their feeding damage. On paper
and fabrics feeding usually begins in
one area and spreads as unconnected,
irregularly shaped holes.
MANAGEMENT
Since firebrats and silverfish are noc-turnal,
you usually won’t see them. To
detect and monitor infestations, use
cockroach sticky traps. You also can use
small, glass jars covered on the outside
with masking tape. The insects climb
up the tape, fall into the jars, and can’t
climb back up the slick sides. Place
these traps or jars in corners and along
edges where foraging is likely. Because
these insects can travel long distances
while looking for food, it can be diffi-cult
to pinpoint the infestation source.
To prevent silverfish and firebrat infes-tations,
keep basements, laundry rooms,
and bathrooms—especially shower
stalls—clean and dry. Household dust
and debris are important sources of
food, so routine cleaning will help
provide effective control. In addition,
periodically clean out closets, cabinets,
and storage containers. Patch holes or
spaces around pipes and conduits, and
repair leaks and drips in plumbing.
Silverfish require a lot of moisture, so
using dehumidifiers in closed spaces
can help discourage these pests. Ven-tilation
from fans can reduce relative
humidity to a point that is intolerable
to silverfish. Because collections of
magazines, papers, and books provide
food and harborage, occasionally move
these items around in your bookcase.
Keep food in containers with tight lids,
especially dry, processed items.
Chemical Control
Hundreds of commercially available
insecticides list firebrats and silverfish
on their labels. However, most of these
products haven’t been adequately test-ed.
Insecticides aren’t required to con-trol
light infestations or an occasional
insect; these can be managed by reduc-ing
water sources and through physi-cal
control. Reserve chemical use for
large infestations. Insecticides won’t be
effective unless you also remove the
moisture, food, and hiding places that
allow these pests to thrive.
If you have an infestation, household
sprays containing synergized pyrethrin
and pyrethroids such as bifenthrin, cy-fluthrin,
tetramethrin, and phenothrin
should kill firebrats and silverfish on
contact and provide some residual activ-ity.
Direct small amounts of these aerosol
or liquid sprays into cracks and crevices
in doors and window casings, along edg-es
and intersections such as baseboards,
in closets, bookcases, and places where
pipes go through walls, and into voids
and other suitable, dark hiding places.
Because some sprays have oil-solution
bases, don’t apply them near electric
motors, gas pilot flames, or other places
where they can start fires. Follow label
directions. Don’t allow these materials to
get into sinks, drains, water, or food.
A variety of commercial baits and dusts
also are available. However, baits aren’t
very successful in treating silverfish
and firebrats, because they tend not
to feed on them. Similarly, several of
the inorganic dusts containing boric
acid are ineffective against firebrats.
However, some inorganic dust prod-ucts
containing synergized pyrethrin
(including certain boric acid or silica
gel products) are very effective against
firebrats and silverfish if you apply the
product directly on pests. Labels limit
use of some inorganic dust products in
open areas. Be sure to check the label.
Apply dusts with a bulb duster, pow-der
blower, or a plastic squeeze bottle
to leave a fine layer of the material in
the area you are treating. If the layer is
too thick, the surface will be slippery.
Apply into areas as described above
for sprays, paying special attention to
cracks, crevices, and wall voids that
serve as congregation sites.
Inorganic dusts such as silica gel and
pyrethrin (e.g. Drione) and diatoma-ceous
earth (e.g. Perma-Guard) remain
effective indefinitely in dry locations.
If dust deposits get wet and then dry,
they will cake, making them difficult
for insects to pick up. You might need
to periodically re-treat moist areas.
Follow label directions. Foggers aren’t
recommended
to treat silverfish and
firebrat infestations.
A properly and thoroughly applied
insecticide will show results in a few
weeks. If control doesn’t occur in 2 or 3
weeks, silverfish or firebrats probably
are coming from untreated areas and
secluded harborages. Seek out these
areas for treatment, and eliminate wa-ter
sources. It is almost impossible to
control large populations of silverfish
and firebrats unless you have removed
dripping water and moist surfaces.
Figure 3. Firebrat damage to paper
includes feeding (large, dark spots),
grazing (gray areas and missing letters),
discoloration due to fungi (dark brown
spots), and scales and fecal debris (light-er
brown spots).
3. December 2009 Silverfish and Firebrats
◆ 3 of 3 ◆
REFERENCES
Brett, C. H. 1962. Damage by and con-trol
of silverfish and firebrats. Pest Con-trol
30(10):75–78.
Ebeling, W. 2002. Pests of Fabric and
Paper. In Urban Entomology. Oakland:
Univ. Calif. Div. Agric. Nat. Res. pp.
310–322. Available online, www.ento-mology.
ucr.edu/ebeling/index.html.
Last accessed Nov. 24, 2009.
Ebeling, W., and D. A. Reierson. 1974.
Bait trapping silverfish, cockroaches,
and earwigs. Pest Control 42(4):24, 36–39.
Lindsay, E. 1940. The biology of silver-fish,
Ctenolepisma longicaudata Esch.,
with particular reference to its feeding
habits. Proc. Ent. Soc. Victoria (N.S.)
52:35–78(Part 1).
Rust, M. K. 2000. Silverfish. In R .E.
Gold and S. C. Jones, eds. Handbook of
household and structural insect pests. Lan-ham:
Entomol. Soc. America. pp. 44–45.
Slater, A., and G. Kastanis. 1977. Silver-fish
and Firebrats: How to Control Them.
Oakland: Univ. Calif. Div. Agric. Nat.
Res. Publ. 21001.
Sweetman, H. L. 1938. Physical ecology
of the firebrat Thermobia domestica (Pack-ard).
Ecological Monographs 8:285–311.
AUTHORS: M. K. Rust, Entomology, UC
Riverside; and M. R. Millard, Entomology,
UC Riverside.
TECHNICAL EDITOR: M. L. Flint
EDITOR: M. L. Fayard
ILLUSTRATIONS: Figs. 1–3, D.-H. Choe.
This and other Pest Notes are available at
www.ipm.ucdavis.edu.
For more information, contact the University of
California Cooperative Extension office in your
county. See your telephone directory for addresses
and phone numbers, or visit http://ucanr.org/ce.cfm.
University of California
Agriculture and Natural Resources Program
Produced by UC Statewide
Integrated Pest Management Program
University of California, Davis, CA 95616
University of California scientists and other
qualified professionals have anonymously peer
reviewed this publication for technical accuracy. The
ANR Associate Editor for Urban Pest Management
managed this review process.
To simplify information, trade names of products
have been used. No endorsement of named products
is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products
that are not mentioned.
This material is partially based upon work
supported by the Extension Service, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, under special project Section 3(d),
Integrated Pest Management.
WARNING ON THE USE OF CHEMICALS
Pesticides are poisonous. Always read and carefully follow all precautions and safety recommendations
given on the container label. Store all chemicals in the original, labeled containers in a locked cabinet or shed,
away from food or feeds, and out of the reach of children, unauthorized persons, pets, and livestock.
Pesticides applied in your home and landscape can move and contaminate creeks, rivers, and oceans.
Confine chemicals to the property being treated. Avoid drift onto neighboring properties, especially gardens
containing fruits or vegetables ready to be picked.
Do not place containers containing pesticide in the trash or pour pesticides down the sink or toilet. Either use
the pesticide according to the label, or take unwanted pesticides to a Household Hazardous Waste Collection
site. Contact your county agricultural commissioner for additional information on safe container disposal and
for the location of the Household Hazardous Waste Collection site nearest you. Dispose of empty containers
by following label directions. Never reuse or burn the containers or dispose of them in such a manner that
they may contaminate water supplies or natural waterways.
NONDISCRIMINATION STATEMENT
The University of California prohibits discrimination or harassment of any person on the basis of race,
color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity, pregnancy (including childbirth and medical conditions
related to pregnancy or childbirth), physical or mental disability, medical condition (cancer-related or
genetic characteristics), ancestry, marital status, age, sexual orientation, citizenship, or service in the
uniformed services (as defined by the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of
1994: service in the uniformed services includes membership, application for membership, performance of
service, application for service, or obligation for service in the uniformed services) in any of its programs
or activities.
University policy also prohibits reprisal or retaliation against any person in any of its programs or activities
for making a complaint of discrimination or sexual harassment or for using or participating in the investigation
or resolution process of any such complaint.
University policy is intended to be consistent with the provisions of applicable State and Federal laws.
Inquiries regarding the University’s nondiscrimination policies may be directed to the Affirmative Action/
Equal Opportunity Director, University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1111 Franklin Street,
6th Floor, Oakland, CA 94607, v (510) 987-0096.