XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO T. Funder-Kristensen - Supermarkets as an important smart grid application
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Presentazione dell'Ing. Torben Funder-Kristensen (Danfoss) al XVI Convegno Europeo il 12 giugno 2015 - 2a sessione
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XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO T. Funder-Kristensen - Supermarkets as an important smart grid application
- 1. 1 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Supermarkets as an important smart grid application Torben Funder-Kristensen Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
- 2. 2 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Improve Energy Efficiency Enable Variable renewables Improved Energy Security Minimised grid investment CO2 emission reduction Food Retail Refrigeration adds Flexibility to the Smart Grid The Smart Grid will… resulting in… Reduce Peak demand Content THE SUPERMARKET as smart appliance FLEXIBILITY in supermarkets AGGREGATED Potentials THERMAL NETWORKS CASE STUDY on District Heating Connectivity UNUSED COMPRESSOR CAPACITY is an opportunity CONCLUSION
- 3. 3 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Supermarkets as smart appliance • Exploiting flexibility is doable without big investments • The existing retail service structure is perfect to leverage on
- 4. 4 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Flexibility in supermarkets 1 LOAD SHEDDING FFR (COMPRESSORS) 2 DEFROST SHIPPING 3 THERMAL STORAGE
- 5. 5 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Flexibility characteristics
- 6. 6 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Supermarkets use up to 2% of all electricity use Flexibility of multiple supermarkets can be aggregated Aggregated flexibility potentials Total supermarket aggregation would account for > 20 % of average delivered wind power * > 30 % of average delivered PV power* *2012 numbers
- 7. 7 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Thermal networks expand the perception of smart systems and the scope for supermarkets District heating and cooling networks are perfect for energy storage Waste heat from refrigeration can be exported Supermarkets can add flexibility and become storage enablers for heating and cooling
- 8. 8 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Case study on District Heating connectivity • Southern Denmark • Area: 1000 m2 from 2010 • Compressors: 5 MT (1 VS), 4 LT • Cooling Capacity: 160 kW • Online COP calculation • Heating : • Sanitary water (1.8m3 ,65 oC) • Space heating/low temp (35 oC ) • District Heating connection • Return line temp. 35-40 oC • Flow line temp. 65 oC
- 9. 9 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Outline of system concept V-6 V-6 V-6 V-6 V-6 V-6 V-6 V-6 DH from return line DH to flow line Space heating water loop Outline of system concept
- 10. 10 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Results THE HEAT LOSS is 65% of the total heat energy THE HEAT LOSS is expected to be 35% when space heating cut in at low ambient temp. AVERAGE EXPORT OF DH HEAT is 27 kW at 65 °C . (This can be regarded as an average for the year) Accumulated Energy exported to the DH grid YEARLY DH INCOME to the supermarket is estimated to be 6000€ (24€ per MWh)
- 11. 11 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Unused compressor capacity is an opportunity DISTRICT HEATING NETWORKS can absorb limitless energy TYPICALLY ONLY 30% of the total compressor capacity is used ASSUMING A FACTOR 2 more energy can be produced with external heat sources
- 12. 12 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Supermarkets… • can play a significant role in smart and integrated energy systems • are addressable flexibility resources • require modest investments before they make up a good business case Heat recovery… is taken to the next level by connecting DH grids to the supermarket refrigeration system Extended heat production can be utilised once connected to the DH grids Thermal and Electrical Flexibility can enforce each other providing a multiplier factor for the business case Conclusion
- 13. 13 | Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
Editor's Notes
- This presentation is about the smart grid opportunities for a combined heating and refrigeration cycle applied in food retail applications. The potential of adding the flexibility of supermarkets to a smart grid network is outlined as well as the potential of utilisation of unused compressor capacity. In connection with external thermal networks a functional storage opportunity for renewable energy sources like wind is shown viable and backed up by a new case study. The business implications of connecting the supermarket to the district heating are briefly outlined.
- Exploiting flexibility is doable without big investments The existing retail service structure is perfect to leverage on
- Online COP to ensure that only real waste heat is produced
- MT cooling contains LT energy. But it not contain the MT compressor energy. MT + Compresso energy will be approx. 1,3*78 = 101 kW DH heat + Heat loss to ambient is = 30+65 = 95 kW. Difference is heat lost in machine room + small amount of space heating (T-amb was 8 degrees in week 15 in SDBG airport)
- In a larger scale perspective, connecting supermarkets to external thermal networks and utilizing the fluctuating renewable electricity can provide a large heat contribution. Germany has a food retail outlet area of 30 mill m2. Assuming this area to represent an equivalent opportunity to export heat to the DH grid would mean that around 6 TWh of heat could be delivered – just based on the waste heat itself. If 50% of the excess and today unused compressor capacity could be used an additional 8 TWh heat would be the result or more than 7 % of today’s heat provided by the German CHP plants [4] .