XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO M. Orlandi - COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION APPLICATION OF VAR...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses the use of variable speed compressors and fans in commercial refrigeration applications to improve off-design efficiency. It notes that variable speed technologies allow systems to better adapt to actual operating conditions, where off-design performance accounts for most usage. Test results showed that variable speed cabinets and remote systems had improved temperature control and reduced energy consumption compared to fixed speed alternatives. The conclusion is that variable speed components break traditional design rules and allow for optimized sizing and energy usage across all operating conditions.
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO M. Orlandi - COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION APPLICATION OF VAR...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses the use of variable speed compressors and fans in commercial refrigeration applications to improve off-design efficiency. It notes that variable speed technologies allow systems to better adapt to actual operating conditions, where off-design performance accounts for most usage. Test results showed that variable speed cabinets and remote systems had improved temperature control and reduced energy consumption compared to fixed speed alternatives. The conclusion is that variable speed components break traditional design rules and allow for optimized sizing and energy usage across all operating conditions.
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO A. Hafner - Supermarkets in warm climates applying R744 ...Centro Studi Galileo
This document summarizes research on applying carbon dioxide (R744) refrigeration technologies in supermarkets located in warm climates. It describes SINTEF, a Norwegian research organization that conducted the study. The document outlines different R744 refrigeration system designs and evaluates their annual energy consumption in various global cities using temperature data. It finds that R744 systems with ejector-supported parallel compression can achieve the highest efficiencies. The research concludes that R744 technologies provide efficient and global solutions for refrigeration and may outperform hydrofluorocarbon systems when considering total cost of ownership over the lifetime of the equipment.
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO M. Bassi - Blended learning for alternative reefrigerantsCentro Studi Galileo
The document discusses a blended learning program called REAL Alternatives that provides training on alternative refrigerants. It aims to address safety, efficiency, reliability and containment of alternative refrigerants through e-learning, classroom instruction, and an e-library. The program was developed in response to industry needs and addresses critical safety factors of alternative refrigerants like flammability and toxicity. It provides training modules and encourages technicians, employers, and training providers to utilize the resources.
Massimiliano Mandrile - FIAT GROUP AUTOMOBILES - LA RICERCA DI UN REFRIGERANT...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses the automotive industry's search for an alternative refrigerant to replace R-134a in mobile air conditioning systems due to an EU directive banning refrigerants with a global warming potential over 150. Industry teams investigated several potential replacements and the two final candidates were R-744 (CO2) and R-1234yf. While R-744 has a GWP of 1, its high operating pressures and temperatures require significant system modifications. R-1234yf has performance properties close to R-134a and a GWP of 4. Analysis of the total equivalent warming impact and life cycle climate performance showed R-1234yf produces less total emissions over its lifetime, making it the industry's choice as the best
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO S. Yurek - Industry acts to preserve and expand the glob...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses refrigeration and its importance for food safety, access to fresh foods, and reducing spoilage and illness globally. It notes that refrigeration is vital along the entire food cold chain from field to market. The food cold chain and use of refrigerants like HFCs contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. However, industry groups are working to promote more efficient, cost-effective equipment that uses low global warming potential refrigerants to both reduce emissions and better preserve global food supplies.
Kelvin Kelly - Business Edge - FORMAZIONE ED ESAMINAZIONE SUGLI F-GAS, QUALIF...Centro Studi Galileo
This document discusses a conference on refrigeration and air conditioning technology to be held in Milano, Italy. It provides information about Business Edge Ltd., a training company that offers courses on low global warming potential refrigerants for stationary equipment, the automotive industry, and other applications. Specific training topics covered include hydrocarbons, CO2, ammonia, flammability limits, regulations, and handling mildly flammable refrigerants like HFO-1234yf used in automotive air conditioning. The main concern discussed is the lack of skills for working with these new alternative refrigerants.
Bureau Veritas is a global leader in conformity assessment and certification services in the areas of quality, health, safety, environment, and social responsibility. It has over 140 offices in 66,500 employees worldwide. Bureau Veritas provides inspection, testing, audit, certification, risk management, outsourcing, and training services to over 400,000 customers. The document discusses Bureau Veritas in Italy and its role in F-Gas certification as required by European and Italian regulations on fluorinated greenhouse gases. It outlines the legal framework, requirements for personnel certification and company registration, and Bureau Veritas' involvement in examinations and audits for compliance.
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO A. Hafner - Supermarkets in warm climates applying R744 ...Centro Studi Galileo
This document summarizes research on applying carbon dioxide (R744) refrigeration technologies in supermarkets located in warm climates. It describes SINTEF, a Norwegian research organization that conducted the study. The document outlines different R744 refrigeration system designs and evaluates their annual energy consumption in various global cities using temperature data. It finds that R744 systems with ejector-supported parallel compression can achieve the highest efficiencies. The research concludes that R744 technologies provide efficient and global solutions for refrigeration and may outperform hydrofluorocarbon systems when considering total cost of ownership over the lifetime of the equipment.
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO M. Bassi - Blended learning for alternative reefrigerantsCentro Studi Galileo
The document discusses a blended learning program called REAL Alternatives that provides training on alternative refrigerants. It aims to address safety, efficiency, reliability and containment of alternative refrigerants through e-learning, classroom instruction, and an e-library. The program was developed in response to industry needs and addresses critical safety factors of alternative refrigerants like flammability and toxicity. It provides training modules and encourages technicians, employers, and training providers to utilize the resources.
Massimiliano Mandrile - FIAT GROUP AUTOMOBILES - LA RICERCA DI UN REFRIGERANT...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses the automotive industry's search for an alternative refrigerant to replace R-134a in mobile air conditioning systems due to an EU directive banning refrigerants with a global warming potential over 150. Industry teams investigated several potential replacements and the two final candidates were R-744 (CO2) and R-1234yf. While R-744 has a GWP of 1, its high operating pressures and temperatures require significant system modifications. R-1234yf has performance properties close to R-134a and a GWP of 4. Analysis of the total equivalent warming impact and life cycle climate performance showed R-1234yf produces less total emissions over its lifetime, making it the industry's choice as the best
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO S. Yurek - Industry acts to preserve and expand the glob...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses refrigeration and its importance for food safety, access to fresh foods, and reducing spoilage and illness globally. It notes that refrigeration is vital along the entire food cold chain from field to market. The food cold chain and use of refrigerants like HFCs contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. However, industry groups are working to promote more efficient, cost-effective equipment that uses low global warming potential refrigerants to both reduce emissions and better preserve global food supplies.
Kelvin Kelly - Business Edge - FORMAZIONE ED ESAMINAZIONE SUGLI F-GAS, QUALIF...Centro Studi Galileo
This document discusses a conference on refrigeration and air conditioning technology to be held in Milano, Italy. It provides information about Business Edge Ltd., a training company that offers courses on low global warming potential refrigerants for stationary equipment, the automotive industry, and other applications. Specific training topics covered include hydrocarbons, CO2, ammonia, flammability limits, regulations, and handling mildly flammable refrigerants like HFO-1234yf used in automotive air conditioning. The main concern discussed is the lack of skills for working with these new alternative refrigerants.
Bureau Veritas is a global leader in conformity assessment and certification services in the areas of quality, health, safety, environment, and social responsibility. It has over 140 offices in 66,500 employees worldwide. Bureau Veritas provides inspection, testing, audit, certification, risk management, outsourcing, and training services to over 400,000 customers. The document discusses Bureau Veritas in Italy and its role in F-Gas certification as required by European and Italian regulations on fluorinated greenhouse gases. It outlines the legal framework, requirements for personnel certification and company registration, and Bureau Veritas' involvement in examinations and audits for compliance.
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO D. Djibril - Developing the cold chain in the food secto...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses developing cold chain infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Near East and North Africa regions. It notes that food loss and waste are high in these regions due to a lack of sufficient cold storage and transportation infrastructure. The current state of cold chains is described as nascent or non-existent, with very low per capita cold storage capacity compared to developed countries. Constraints to developing cold chains include a lack of electricity access, skills and clear policies. However, opportunities exist due to growing populations, economies and food production. The document recommends governments commit to supporting cold chain development through clear strategies, capacity building, and public-private partnerships.
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO J. Boone - Energy saving 90°C hot water NH3 heat pumps i...Centro Studi Galileo
This document discusses a combined ammonia chiller/hot water heat pump system used in dairy plants. The system provides chilled water at 1.5°C and hot water at 90°C, with a total cooling capacity of 2,060 kW and heating capacity of 2,950 kW. The heat pump units have coefficient of performance values for cooling of 4.22 and for heating between 5.99-7.49. An analysis shows the heat pump system would save over 1 million euros per year compared to a gas boiler system.
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO J. Curlin - Importance of the refrigeration cold chain i...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses the importance of refrigeration and cold chains in achieving global food security and nutrition. It notes that over 800 million people currently suffer from hunger worldwide while over 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted each year. To help address these issues, the document calls for increased refrigeration facilities, adoption of more efficient cooling technologies, training of refrigeration technicians, and greater appreciation of cold chains to reduce food loss from farm to plate.
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO H. Dhont - Refrigerant R32 for air conditioners and heat...Centro Studi Galileo
Hilde Dhont from Daikin Europe presented on the use of R-32 as a refrigerant for air conditioners and heat pumps. R-32 has a global warming potential of 675, about one third of R-410A. Equipment charged with R-32 can reduce the CO2 equivalent refrigerant charge by over 75% compared to R-410A. R-32 allows for high energy efficiency and complies with the new EU F-gas regulation. While R-32 is slightly flammable, the risk is very low and safety standards allow its use in typical room sizes. Installation and servicing of R-32 equipped units is similar to R-410A. R-32 is
shecco market & policy trends for natural refrigerants Marc Chasserot
The document summarizes recent policy and market trends regarding natural refrigerants. Key points include:
1) The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol will phase down HFCs globally over 30 years, aiming to reduce their impact on climate change.
2) The EU F-Gas Regulation has introduced measures to limit f-gas emissions and aims to reduce HFC emissions by 79% by 2030.
3) Market trends show growing use of natural refrigerants like CO2, hydrocarbons, and ammonia in commercial refrigeration applications and some industrial markets.
4) Standards organizations are considering increasing charge limits for hydrocarbons, which could further expand their use globally.
XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO M. Creamer - EUROPEAN F-GAS TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT: QU...Centro Studi Galileo
This document provides an overview and summary of the latest technology in refrigeration and air conditioning that was presented at the 17th European Conference in Milano, Italy on June 9-10, 2017. Key topics discussed include revisions to EU regulations on F gas assessments, refrigerant overviews and selection considerations, concerns regarding practical training requirements, and safety protocols for recovering A2L refrigerants.
AREA UNEP ADDIS European certification of competence in Fgas and Alternativ...Centro Studi Galileo
Marco Buoni suggested that ”each of the 28 EU Member States, with the help of their contractor’s association – of which almost all are represented within AREA – should firmly propose the extension of the certification of refrigeration technicians in fluorinated refrigerants, including specific modules on the use of alternative refrigerants. AREA has already prepared a scheme to propose to all the member states to guide them to a quick implementation”
XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO A. Muresan - LARGE TRANSCRITICAL CO2 COMPRESSORCentro Studi Galileo
The document discusses the development of large transcritical CO2 compressors for refrigeration and air conditioning applications requiring big cooling capacities. It describes Dorin's development of a new 6-cylinder CO2 compressor ranging from 39.8 to 98.5 m3/h displacement and 50 to 80 HP. Test results show improved volumetric and isentropic efficiencies, lower discharge temperatures, and optimized dimensions. The first units of the new CD500 compressor range have demonstrated extremely quiet and smooth operation in the field.
Hermann Halozan - INSTITUTE OF THERMAL ENGINEERING - POMPE DI CALORE, RIDURRE...Centro Studi Galileo
The document appears to be a presentation given at the XV European Conference on Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning in Milano on June 6-7, 2013. The presentation discusses heat pumps and their role in reducing energy consumption and emissions. It notes that 80% of CO2 emissions in the EU are from energy consumption and that heat pumps can help achieve goals of using 20% less primary energy, reducing CO2 emissions by 20% and increasing the renewable energy share to 20%.
XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO A. Voigt - THE HEATING, COOLING AND VENTILATION INDUSTR...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses the EU energy efficiency rules and their impact on manufacturers. It provides background on EPEE, an organization representing manufacturers in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump industry. It then outlines the context of increasing energy dependency in Europe and the role of heating and cooling technologies in reducing it. A major focus of the EU's approach is the Ecodesign directive which sets minimum energy performance standards for products, in turn triggering technology innovation. Significant energy savings are expected if the right balance of ambitious but realistic standards are set and enforced through market surveillance.
XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO C. Malvicino - AUTOMOTIVE AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY S...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses air conditioning technology and regulations for vehicles. It notes that vehicles are required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% in the next 5 years. Thermal systems present opportunities to improve vehicle efficiency by integrating them properly and enabling new functions. Regulations have banned high global warming potential refrigerants above 150 from new passenger cars in Europe since 2017. Dual loop cooling systems and other thermal system concepts could help meet efficiency and emissions targets while providing passenger comfort.
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO S. Rossi - ATP A legacy of the past A challenge for th...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses the Agreement on the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs and on the Special Equipment to be Used for such Carriage (ATP). It provides background on ATP, indicating that it was created in 1970 with 7 signatories to establish temperature requirements for transporting perishable food. Currently there are 49 contracting parties. The document outlines ATP's structure, including defined temperature conditions and equipment requirements. It notes changes over the past 45 years to address multi-temperature and multi-compartment equipment. Future challenges are identified as expanding ATP's scope and ensuring uniform application both internationally and nationally.
XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO T. Gabiel - EU F-GAS REGULATION: PERSPECTIVESCentro Studi Galileo
The document summarizes the EU F-Gas Regulation and its implications. It notes that the EU regulation will lead to significant reductions in HFCs by 37% in 2018, 55% in 2021, and 69% in 2024. This is more ambitious than reductions under the Kigali Amendment. The reductions are even larger than they appear because baseline exclusions and exemptions mean actual reductions will be 48% in 2018 and 64% in 2021. Early effects include HFC stockpiling, price increases, and risks of illegal trade and material shortages. The regulation provides an opportunity for European green technologies to be mainstreamed globally through the Montreal Protocol HCFC phase-out.
High efficiency technologies for process cooling: a significant contribution ...CAREL Industries S.p.A
This document summarizes a presentation given by Roberto Sandano at the XVII European Conference on Refrigeration and Air Conditioning in Milan on June 9-10, 2017. The presentation discussed how process temperature control systems account for 11-16% of energy usage in manufacturing plants and how integrating high efficiency technologies from CAREL into compressed air treatment, process temperature control, and data management systems could help reduce overall energy consumption in manufacturing by up to 15%.
Alberto Cavallini - Università di Padova - APPLICAZIONI A MINICANALI PER SIST...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses research on using minichannel heat exchangers to reduce refrigerant charge in HVAC&R systems. Minichannel heat exchangers can minimize refrigerant charge without loss of performance. Experimental results show that minichannel condensers can reduce refrigerant charge by 65% compared to brazed plate heat exchangers. Systems using minichannel heat exchangers have been demonstrated to achieve refrigerant charges as low as 30 g/kW for propane refrigerant. The research aims to better understand heat transfer in minichannels to inform design of low charge systems.
Andrea Voigt - EPEE - UN TETTO AI GAS FLUORURATI E LA LORO GRADUALE RIDUZIONE Centro Studi Galileo
1) The document discusses the challenges facing the refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump (RACHP) sector in Europe in meeting environmental and economic objectives. It summarizes two studies on the sector's emissions and potential for reduction.
2) The studies found that while the refrigerant bank doubled from 1990-2010, emissions decreased over 10% due to phase-outs. A "business as usual" scenario could reduce emissions 15% by 2030, while more ambitious scenarios showed over 60% reduction potential.
3) The European Commission has proposed a revised F-Gas Regulation with a 37% reduction by 2020 and 79% by 2030, along with certain bans. The EU Parliament seeks steeper targets
Didier Coulomb - IIR - SOSTENIBILITA’ DEL TRASPORTO REFRIGERATO SU STRADACentro Studi Galileo
Refrigerated transport via trucks is essential for delivering perishable goods but faces challenges around reducing energy consumption and handling refrigerants with high global warming potential. Solutions proposed include improving vehicle aerodynamics and insulation, optimizing refrigeration systems, and transitioning to natural refrigerants. While solutions vary between refrigerated transport, mobile air conditioning, and other sectors, all need strategies to lower both energy usage and high-GWP refrigerant emissions over time.
Evoluzione degli strumenti di misura: IoT, dispositivi smart, reportistica pa...Centro Studi Galileo
Convegno Europeo
IL PASSAGGIO AI REFRIGERANTI ALTERNATIVI:
IMPATTO SU IMPIANTI NUOVI ED ESISTENTI
Le Ultime Tecnologie nel Condizionamento e nella Refrigerazione; Sistemi, Attrezzatura, Componenti, Formazione e Certificazione; il Phase Down
15 marzo 2018 | 14.00 - 18.30
Mostra Convegno Expocomfort
Centro Congressi Stella Polare: Sala Sagittarius
Organizzato da ATF - Associazione Tecnici del Freddo
This document discusses CO2 refrigeration systems and the use of ejectors to improve efficiency. It provides an overview of Danfoss' experience with over 250 CO2 refrigeration installations using multi-ejector systems worldwide. Ejector systems have been shown to reduce energy consumption by 15-30% compared to conventional CO2 booster systems. The document also discusses opportunities to use recovered heat from refrigeration systems for heating buildings or selling to district heating networks. Danfoss is working to increase training and competence on CO2 systems through a mobile training unit and aim to train 800 people in 2017.
Nuovi compressori scroll dotati di speciale motore LSPM - P. Trevisan - BitzerCentro Studi Galileo
Convegno Europeo
IL PASSAGGIO AI REFRIGERANTI ALTERNATIVI:
IMPATTO SU IMPIANTI NUOVI ED ESISTENTI
Le Ultime Tecnologie nel Condizionamento e nella Refrigerazione; Sistemi, Attrezzatura, Componenti, Formazione e Certificazione; il Phase Down
15 marzo 2018 | 14.00 - 18.30
Mostra Convegno Expocomfort
Centro Congressi Stella Polare: Sala Sagittarius
Organizzato da ATF - Associazione Tecnici del Freddo
Refrigeranti HFO a bassissimo GWP - E. Monfrinotti - ChemoursCentro Studi Galileo
Convegno Europeo
IL PASSAGGIO AI REFRIGERANTI ALTERNATIVI:
IMPATTO SU IMPIANTI NUOVI ED ESISTENTI
Le Ultime Tecnologie nel Condizionamento e nella Refrigerazione; Sistemi, Attrezzatura, Componenti, Formazione e Certificazione; il Phase Down
15 marzo 2018 | 14.00 - 18.30
Mostra Convegno Expocomfort
Centro Congressi Stella Polare: Sala Sagittarius
Organizzato da ATF - Associazione Tecnici del Freddo
Refrigeranti a basso GWP per il condizionamento e le pompe di calore - B. Bel...Centro Studi Galileo
This document discusses refrigerants that can replace R410A in comfort applications to meet the F-gas phase down regulations. It finds that R32 demonstrates slightly better performance than R410A, increasing capacity by 6% and seasonal efficiency by 1-2%. HFO blends and propane offer alternatives for residential heat pumps. A2L refrigerants require safety modifications but can be used in existing R410A designs. The new IEC standard eases integration of electronics in A2L systems. Overall solutions exist to comply with regulations while maintaining performance.
Convegno Europeo
IL PASSAGGIO AI REFRIGERANTI ALTERNATIVI:
IMPATTO SU IMPIANTI NUOVI ED ESISTENTI
Le Ultime Tecnologie nel Condizionamento e nella Refrigerazione; Sistemi, Attrezzatura, Componenti, Formazione e Certificazione; il Phase Down
15 marzo 2018 | 14.00 - 18.30
Mostra Convegno Expocomfort
Centro Congressi Stella Polare: Sala Sagittarius
Organizzato da ATF - Associazione Tecnici del Freddo
Retrofit di sistemi di refrigerazione funzionanti con R404A/R507 - S. Fedeli ...Centro Studi Galileo
Convegno Europeo
IL PASSAGGIO AI REFRIGERANTI ALTERNATIVI:
IMPATTO SU IMPIANTI NUOVI ED ESISTENTI
Le Ultime Tecnologie nel Condizionamento e nella Refrigerazione; Sistemi, Attrezzatura, Componenti, Formazione e Certificazione; il Phase Down
15 marzo 2018 | 14.00 - 18.30
Mostra Convegno Expocomfort
Centro Congressi Stella Polare: Sala Sagittarius
Organizzato da ATF - Associazione Tecnici del Freddo
Una soluzione efficiente e competitiva con un basso GWP - F. Flohr - DaikinCentro Studi Galileo
Convegno Europeo
IL PASSAGGIO AI REFRIGERANTI ALTERNATIVI:
IMPATTO SU IMPIANTI NUOVI ED ESISTENTI
Le Ultime Tecnologie nel Condizionamento e nella Refrigerazione; Sistemi, Attrezzatura, Componenti, Formazione e Certificazione; il Phase Down
15 marzo 2018 | 14.00 - 18.30
Mostra Convegno Expocomfort
Centro Congressi Stella Polare: Sala Sagittarius
Organizzato da ATF - Associazione Tecnici del Freddo
Convegno Europeo
IL PASSAGGIO AI REFRIGERANTI ALTERNATIVI:
IMPATTO SU IMPIANTI NUOVI ED ESISTENTI
Le Ultime Tecnologie nel Condizionamento e nella Refrigerazione; Sistemi, Attrezzatura, Componenti, Formazione e Certificazione; il Phase Down
15 marzo 2018 | 14.00 - 18.30
Mostra Convegno Expocomfort
Centro Congressi Stella Polare: Sala Sagittarius
Organizzato da ATF - Associazione Tecnici del Freddo
The document discusses the challenges for refrigerants currently and in the future. It notes that the F-Gas regulation is strongly influencing the refrigeration market through a phase down of average GWP levels and bans on some HFCs for certain sectors. By 2030, the average GWP will need to be reduced to 800. This will require the use of natural refrigerants like CO2, ammonia, and hydrocarbons as shorter term HFC replacements may not be available or the situation could become chaotic. CO2 transcritical systems are presented as a long term solution for supermarkets.
Hydrofluoro-olefins (HFOs) for Commercial Refrigeration - E. Monfrinotti - Ch...Centro Studi Galileo
This presentation discusses alternative refrigerants available to replace high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants. It introduces Chemours' Opteon line of hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) blend refrigerants, including Opteon XP10, XP40, XP44, XL10, XL20, XL40, and XL55. The presentation reviews the properties and applications of these refrigerants, case studies on their use, and projections on how regulations like the Kigali Amendment and F-Gas Regulation will reduce the allowed GWP of refrigerants over time. Support resources available on opteon.com are also highlighted.
Developing Fit-for-Purpose Solutions: Gas Coolers - G. Dal Belin Peruffo - Al...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses CO2 gas coolers and their advantages over traditional HFC outdoor units. It provides an overview of gas cooler design considerations like high pressure requirements, single-phase fluid behavior at high air temperatures, and methods to reduce thermal bypassing. These include symmetrical tubing circuits, slits between tube rows, and future developments like inner grooved copper-iron alloy tubes. The document emphasizes Alfa Laval's laboratory testing and data collection to optimize gas cooler performance and ensure it through the Eurovent certification process.
Workshops on Commercial Refrigeration Argentina 4-6 December 2017Centro Studi Galileo
This document provides an agenda for a conference on commercial refrigeration and low global warming potential (GWP) technological alternatives. The conference will take place in Buenos Aires and Rosario, Argentina on December 4-6, 2017. It will feature presentations from experts in Italy and Argentina on their experiences with alternative refrigerants like carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons in commercial refrigeration systems. Topics will include the impact of the Montreal Protocol on refrigerant trends, European experiences with low-GWP technologies in food cold chains, and case studies of Italian companies using carbon dioxide, hydrofluoroolefins, and hydrocarbons in supermarket applications.
XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO M. Buoni - THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS, TRAININ...Centro Studi Galileo
1) Training and certification programs for technicians need to be updated to include alternative refrigerants like hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and ammonia as countries shift away from high global warming potential refrigerants.
2) While there are over 40 training centers in the EU that offer training on alternative refrigerants, training availability and facilities are uneven across Europe.
3) AREA has developed guidelines on minimum training requirements for contractors and equipment handling low global warming potential refrigerants to help with the transition.
XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO A. Kaschl - IMPLEMENTING THE EU PHASE DOWNCentro Studi Galileo
The document summarizes the EU's phase-down of F-gases, or hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), under the F-gas Regulation to reduce emissions. It outlines that the regulation establishes an upstream quota system to reduce HFC imports and production in the EU by 80% by 2030 from a 2015 baseline. Companies must register and report HFC quantities and are issued annual quotas to place HFCs on the EU market. The goals of the phase-down are to stimulate innovation, support climate policy, and facilitate convergence with the Montreal Protocol, while emissions and consumption are already falling under the regulation.
The document summarizes the topics that will be covered during presentations at the Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning conference in Milan on June 9-10, 2017. The three topics are: 1) how to apply F-gas regulations and ongoing actions to reduce gases, 2) challenges and solutions for cold chains internationally from political and technical perspectives, and 3) opportunities for renewable energy in cooling due to regulations and new technologies in refrigeration and air conditioning.
XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO M. Ascani - INDUSTRIALIZATION AND PATH TO COMMERCIALIZA...Centro Studi Galileo
The document discusses Cold Energy, a company developing an energy efficiency kit for refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The kit introduces a turbocharger and two heat exchangers to a conventional refrigeration cycle to recover energy and reduce energy usage. Prototypes are being tested and the product is planned to be commercialized for low-temperature applications from 2019-2021 before expanding to medium- and high-temperature sectors. The document outlines Cold Energy's technology, development timeline, market approach, and integration of the kit into refrigeration systems with minimal interface requirements.
XVII CONVEGNO EUROPEO S. Filippi - NEW INTELLIGENT DEFROSTING APPARATUSCentro Studi Galileo
1) The document describes NIDEA, a new intelligent defrost control device that optimizes defrost cycles for refrigeration systems.
2) Traditional defrost controls operate on fixed time intervals, but NIDEA uses sensors and algorithms to determine the optimal timing for defrost based on operating conditions.
3) A field test found that NIDEA performed defrosts less frequently than traditional controls, resulting in 24% lower total energy consumption and costs savings of over 20% per month.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO P. Jonasson - The new F-Gas regulation from a contractors perspective
1. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
2. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
AREA
The Voice of European Air-Conditioning,
Refrigeration and Heat Pumps Contractors
• Founded in 1988 in Belgium
• Represents Air-Conditioning, Refrigeration & Heat Pump contractors
• AREA in figures:
22 national member associations
19 countries from EU and beyond
> 13,000 companies (mainly SMEs)
+/- 110,000 work force
+/- € 23 bn annual turnover
3. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
Will have a great influence on the whole RACHP industry for many
years to come.
Bigger impact on common people than the Ozon battle in the 80s
and 90s.
Well known best practices, refrigerants and system solutions will
be challenged and will have to change or develop.
Is a good decision.
Good for the end user
Good for the contractor
Good for the environment
4. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
5. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
Established undertakings will receive a quota corresponding to 89% of its
reference value.
Remaining 11% allocated
for new undertakings.
Violation of quota will be
punished by 200% of
exceeded volume.
From 1/1 2017 will
volumes from pre charged equipment be included in the quota,
corresponding to approx. 11% of total volume.
Year Percentage CO2 eq
Q1 Q2
2015 100 2250 89 89
2016 93 2093 83 83
2017 93 2093 83 74
2018-20 63 1418 56 50
2021-23 45 1013 40 36
2024-26 31 698 28 25
2027-29 24 540 21 19
2030 21 473 19 17
Supplier quotaYear Percentage CO2 eq
2015 100 2250
2016 93 2093
2017 93 2093
2018-20 63 1418
2021-23 45 1013
2024-26 31 698
2027-29 24 540
2030 21 473
6. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
79 existing undertakings registered for a total volume of 182
Mton CO2 eq.
7. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
79 existing undertakings registered for a total volume of 182
Mton CO2 eq.
5 (of the 79) represent 80% of the total volume.
8. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
79 existing undertakings registered for a total volume of 182
Mton CO2 eq.
5 (of the 79) represent 80% of the total volume.
334 new undertakings registered for remaining 11%.
Corresponding to approx. 60 kton each.
9. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
79 existing undertakings registered for a total volume of 182
Mton CO2 eq.
5 (of the 79) represent 80% of the total volume.
334 new undertakings registered for remaining 11%.
Corresponding to approx. 60 kton each.
SO, YES THEY WILL!
10. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
Service ban on refrigeration equipment with a minimum
charge of 40 tonnes CO2 eq with refrigerants ≥ 2500 GWP is
prohibited from 1/1 2020.
Ban for new refrigeration installations with refrigerants
≥ 2500 GWP is prohibited from 1/1 2020.
11. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
Sales in kg always prioritized by refrigerant manufacturers.
Rapid shift in production from high GWP refrigerants to low.
Price increase
Shortage in supply
12. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
Sales in kg always prioritized by refrigerant manufacturers.
Rapid shift in production from high GWP refrigerants to low.
Price increase
Shortage in supply
Risk for “running out” of GWPs.
New and new/old refrigerants to become more common.
New component and system designs
New skills and competence needed
13. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
Sales in kg always prioritized by refrigerant manufacturers.
Rapid shift in production from high GWP refrigerants to low.
Price increase
Shortage in supply
Risk for “running out” of GWPs.
New and new/old refrigerants to become more common.
New component and system designs
New skills and competence needed
14. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
AREA
info@area-eur.be | www.area-eur.be
15. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
1. The new F-Gas Regulation is a good decision.
2. Make sure existing systems are tight and well maintained.
16. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
1. The new F-Gas Regulation is a good decision.
2. Make sure existing systems are tight and well maintained.
3. Make no new installations with high-GWP refrigerants (i.e. R404A
or R507)
4. Investigate if systems need to be leak checked or if the interval
have changed
17. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
1. The new F-Gas Regulation is a good decision.
2. Make sure existing systems are tight and well maintained.
3. Make no new installations with high-GWP refrigerants (i.e. R404A
or R507)
4. Investigate if systems need to be leak checked or if the interval
have changed
5. End users with high-GWP refrigerant systems should already now
plan for a replacement.
6. Knowledge is key – skill will always pay off.
18. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
19. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015