Presentazione dell'Ing. Gerald Cavalier (Cemafroid) al XVI Convegno Europeo il 13 giugno 2015 - 5a sessione

1. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
The impact of the new F-Gaz onThe impact of the new F-Gaz on
refrigerated transport and therefrigerated transport and the
possible solutionspossible solutions
Gérald CAVALIER
Cemafroid - TECNEA

2. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
• Refrigerated transport equipment
• Short term alternatives
• Medium term alternatives
• Long term alternatives
Impact of new F-Gaz on refrigerated transport & possible solutions
Content

3. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
In 2015 we count …
Refrigeration equipment in the world
Car and bus air
conditionning
Domestic refrigerators
Reefer containers
Air conditionner Heat pump
Refrigrigerated display
cabinet
Of coldstorage Refrigerated trucksRefrigerated trucks

4. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
Refrigerated transport fleet
Of refrigerated trucksrefrigerated trucks
fleet
Of world
populationpopulation
Of world energyenergy
consumptionconsumption
Of world PIBPIB

5. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
• With or without refrigeration
– 7,5 % only insulated : tanks, fisheries…
• Refrigeration technology
– 96% vapor compression blown evaporators
– 3 % eutectic units with plates or tubes
– Some others : cryogény…
• Autonomy
– 55% non autonomous
• Motor driven or direct drive
– 45 % independant units
Refrigerated transport fleet

6. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
Refrigerated transport fleet

7. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
• Cryogenic systems
– N2 or CO2
– Direct or undirect
• Main advantages :
– Fast refrigeration
– Low consuption for low DT
– Silent
• Main inconvenients
– Distribution network for CO2 and N2
– High consumption with large DT
• Manufacturers
– TK, Air Liquide, Cryotech, …
Alternative technologies
Short term alternatives

8. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
• R452A (CH2F2 + CHF2CF3 + C3H2F4)
– R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-Tetrafluorprop-1-en) : 30%,
– R-125 (Pentafluorethan) : 59 %
– R-32 (Difluormethan) : 11 %
– GWP : 2141
• R442A
– R-134a : 30%
– R-125 : (Pentafluorethan) : 31 %
– R-32 : (Difluormethan) : 31 %
– R-227ea : 3%
– R-152a : 5%
– GWP : 1888
New fluids for compression refrigeration units HFCs and HFO
blends
Short term alternatives

9. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
• ASHRI tests 2014 :
– Thermoking SLX400
– Thermoking Prague laboratory
– Refrigeration capacities with R452A
• -5,5% to +0,3 % at 100 °F (37,78 °C)
• -1,7 % to +0,1 % at 86 °F (30°C) ATP external temperature.
• ATP tests 2015 :
– More than 20 tests in ATP tests stations
– Carrier and Thermoking
– Refrigeration capacities from -5 % to +13 %.
– Energy consumption at full load from -2 % to +4 %
New fluids performances
Short term alternatives

10. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
Technical altyernatives and natural refrigerants
Medium term alternatives
• Technical alternatives :
– Adsorption presented as prototypes (IAA 2014)
– For small refrigeration units
– Already existing for small containers
• CO2 for transport units
– Carrier prototype for semi-trailers
– Presented end 2014 tested on the road
– Based on Vector and experience of marine
containers :
• Natural line

11. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
• Motor driven units
– Based on car air conditionning solutions
– R134a with car compressors
• Less than 0,5% of the market …
• New solutions for car air conditionning in
discussion
– HFOs with flamability issues ?
– CO2 with toxicity risk ?
– HFCs blend with sustainabilty problems ?
• Refrigerated transport will be impacted directly
The direct drive units
Medium term alternatives

12. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
• Natural refrigerants
– CO2 for a large range of trucks and trailers units
– HCs in some applications ?
– …
• Alternative technologies
– Cryogeny
– Ad/absorption
– New eutectic loading systems :
• slurries, hydrates, …
– Mixt solutions
Long term alternatives

13. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
• Certainly not a revolution…
• … but an important evolution !
What a wonderful future !
Conclusion
1953
2030

14. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015
Thanks for your attention !Thanks for your attention !
Gérald CAVALIER
Président de TECNEA - Cemafroid
Groupe Cemafroid
gerald.cavalier@cemafroid.fr
5, avenue des prés -94 266 Fresnes - France
Tel : +33 1 49 84 84 84
www.cemafroid.fr
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