This document provides an overview of XML including: - XML is a meta markup language used to define text document structures and represent textual data. - XML examples show how it can be used to easily represent structured data for both human and machine readability. - XML schemas are used to define the rules and structure for XML documents and provide data type definitions. - XML documents form a tree structure with a single root element and hierarchical branching.

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3. XML
Reshmi R
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4. XML
• eXtensible Markup Language
• XML is a meta markup language for text
documents / textual data.
• XML allows to define languages (applications)
to represent text documents / textual data

5. XML EXAMPLE
<article>
<author>Gerhard Weikum</author>
<title>The Web in 10 Years</title>
</article>
• Easy to understand for human users
• Very expressive (semantics along with the data)
• Well structured, easy to read and write from programs

6. THIS IS ALSO XML
<data>
ch37fhgks73j5mv9d63h5mgfkds8d984lgnsmcns983
</data>
• Impossible to understand for human users
• Not expressive (no semantics along with the data)
• Unstructured, read and write only with special programs

7. • The actual benefit of using XML highly
depends on the design of the application.

8. Applications
• Content management
• Data Exchange
• Document Markup
• Etc.

9. XML Schemas
• “Schemas” is a general term--DTDs are a form
of XMLschemas
– According to the dictionary, a schema is “a
structured framework or plan”
• When we say “XML Schemas,” we usually mean the
W3C XML Schema Language
– This is also known as “XML Schema Definition”
language, or XSD

10. XML Documents Form a Tree Structure
• XML documents must contain a root element.
This element is "the parent" of all other
elements.
• The elements in an XML document form a
document tree. The tree starts at the root and
branches to the lowest level of the tree.

11. XML Schema Requirements
• Structural
– namespaces
– primitive types & structural schema
integration
– inheritance
Data type
– integers, dates, … (like in languages)
– user-defined (constrain some properties)

12. XML PARSER
A program that analyses the grammatical structure of an input,
with respect to a given formal grammar.
We will consider two parsing methods that implement W3C standards for
accessing XML
SAX (Simple API for XML)
– event-driven parsing
– “serial access” protocol
– Read only API
DOM (Document Object Model)
– convert XML into a tree of objects
– “random access” protocol
– Can update XML document (insert/delete nodes)

13. SAX PARSER
• SAX = Simple API for XML
• XML is read sequentially
• When a parsing event happens, the parser invokes the
corresponding method of the corresponding handler
• Similar to an I/O-Stream, goes in one direction

14. DOM PARSER
• DOM = Document Object Model
• Parser creates a tree object out of the document
• User accesses data by traversing the tree
– The tree and its traversal conform to a W3C standard
• The API allows for constructing, accessing and manipulating the
structure and content of XML documents

15. Glade XML Structure
• It represents an `instantiation' of an XML interface
description. When object is created, the XML file is read, and
the interface is created.
• The GladeXML object then provides an interface for accessing
the widgets in the interface by the names assigned to them
inside the XML description.
• The GladeXML object can also be used to connect handlers to
the named signals in the description.
• Libglade provides an interface by which it can look up the
signal handler names in the program's symbol table and
automatically connect as many handlers up as it can.

16. GladeXML
Object Hierarchy
GObject +----
GladeXML
typedef struct {
GObject parent;
char *filename; }
GladeXML;

17. GladeXMLClass
typedef struct
{
GObjectClass parent_class;
/* Virtual function: gets the appropriate gtype for
the typename.*/
GType (* lookup_type) (GladeXML*self, const char
*gtypename);
} GladeXMLClass;

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