X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Röntgen while experimenting with cathode ray tubes. X-rays are electromagnetic waves with short wavelengths between 10-12 to 10-8 meters that can penetrate materials. They are produced when high velocity electrons collide with a metal target in an x-ray tube, emitting x-rays. Common medical uses of x-rays include computed tomography (CT) scans, which produce detailed cross-sectional images of the body by combining multiple x-ray images taken around its rotation. Other applications include astronomy, construction, and measuring bone density.

1. X-RAY
Presentation by:
 Dwi Nanda Cakra Wiguna
 Fatimatul Azizah
 Fauzan Luthfi Agustin
 Frederick Geovan L.L.R

2. X-Ray Definition
X-rays are electromagnetic waves with a wavelength that tends
to be very short, but it has enormous energy. X-rays also has a very
high penetrating power. In addition, X-ray also has the ability to
ionize atoms of the material that is passed.

3. Characteristic of X-ray
X-rays have a wavelength ranging from
10-12 to 10-8 meters with a frequency ranging
from 30x1016 to 30x1019 Hertz and having
energy ranging from 120 eV to 120 KeV

5. Inventor Figure of X-Ray
X-rays discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen. At 8 November 1895
he did X-ray experiment with "Cathode," cathode rays consist of a stream of
electrons. Current is produced using a high voltage between the electrodes
which are placed at each end of the glass tube in the air almost entirely empty.
The cathode ray tube coated with a thick black paper so that even if power is
turned on, there is no light that can be seen from the tube.

6. When the tube turned on, he was surprised to see
that the light began to appear on the Barium
Platinocyanide layer which is located near his bench
where he sat like as stimulated by light. He turn off the
tube, then the light stops anneal. Because the cathode ray
tube is fully closed, Rontgen soon realized that an
invisible radiation that must emmited from the tube when
the cathode turned on. Because this is a mysterious thing,
he called radiation seemed that "X-rays" which is the
usual mathematical symbol for the unknown.

8. Mechanism of X-Ray Tube
X-rays generated from the
instrument which has a pair of
electrodes. This tube has an anode and a
cathode that is different in the
electrical potential (high voltage).
The workings of this tube, the cathode
filament is heated by passing an electric
current through it. By doing so, the
potential energy of orbiting electron
cathode arround atomic nucleus will be
converted into kinetic energy.
As a result, electrons in the the
cathode constituent atoms will be
excited out because of the force
between electrons with the atomic
nucleus which the pull causes by the
electric charge difference, becomes
smaller than the centrifugal force
electrons to the central atom that
causes by the spinning motion of the
electron orbiting, pull the electron
out of its orbit.
Electron that exited, throwed through the
vacuum tube, without any rsistance. The
Electron colliding Anode constituent
atoms, emit much of energies, that
containing 99% of heat and 1% of x-ray.

9. How the X-Ray is produced
1. First , the cathoda tube is heated by an electric
charge from the transformator .
2. Because of the heat , electron from the cathode
tube apart toward the anode is made of heat
resistant metal .
3. Electron suddenly stopped on the target , and
then they form hot (99%) and x-ray (1%) .
4. The x-ray are formed will be direct to window
5. High heat from the impact of electron removed
by the cooling radiator .

11. Characteristic X-Ray
This characteristic X-Ray occurs when electrons from
higher energy interacted with electrons which are in the atom. This
phenomenon caused electron transition and emmited energies which
known as photon.

12. Bremstrahlung X-Ray
It happens when electrons with higher kinetic energy interacted
with the nuclei of atoms.
The particle will absorb the electrons’ energy (it’s movement
got stalled) and the orientation of the movement will turned to go
around the particle.

13. X-Ray Application in Daily Life
CT Scan
Astronomy
Observation (X-
Ray Telescope)
Construction
Purpose
Determination of
Human Skeleton
Density

14. CT Scan

15. Astronomy Observation (X-Ray Telescope)

16. Construction Purpose (Ground Penetrating Radar)

17. Determination of Human Skeleton Density
(Bone Densitometer)

18. CT Scan (Computerized Tomography)
During CT scan work, X-rays
generated by the X-ray tube and emitt
rotated around the patient. Then the X-
rays passed through the patient's body to
the detector, which is highly dependent on
the type and model of the CT scanner,
probably consisting of xenon gas ionization
or crystal (such as cesium-iodine or
cadmium-tungsten). During one rotation
detector generates an electrical signal,
which is generated after X-ray irradiation
This electrical signal is transferred to the
computer, processed and reconstructed
into images using algorithms that have
been previously programmed. Each round
of the X-ray tube and detector
reconstructed into images that are
referenced as slices. Presented in the form
of cross-sectional slices of the detailed
anatomy of the body, and allows the
anatomical arrangement can be visualized.

19. Conculsion
• The x-ray beam has 10-12 -10-8 meters wavelength and frequency
ranging from 30x1015 to 30x1019 Hertz X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad
Rontgen discovered by accident when he was "playing" with the
electrode tube. Plate made of Barium platinosianida near his seat tube
to glow when the light is turned on impermeable electrode. Tube
cathode and anode electrodes have vastly different electrical
potential (high voltage).
• X-rays can penetrate the solid substance. Penetration depends on the
density of the substance penetrate.
• X-rays have several properties, including to penetrate, absorbed,
refracted, causing fluorescence, ionize materials penetrate.

20. Thank You 

21. Bibliography
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqGmqRrxajQ
• http://www.slideshare.net/endangjmanik/sinar-x
• http://margionoabdil.blogspot.com/2013/11/cara-kerja-ct-scan-dan-
perkembangannya.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray
• http://missionscience.nasa.gov/ems/11_xrays.html
• http://indonesiagreennature.wordpress.com