Mange is among the common illnesses that many dog owners are concerned about. People usually get tensed and do not know how to handle such situations. I present you this Presentation that speaks about Mange, a skin disease caused by tiny parasite mites on dogs. You can refer to this to know what Mange is all about, the types of Mange, the causes, the symptoms and a few easy ways to deal with it. Mange, if left untreated can be fatal. Therefore, timely knowledge and treatment about this disease is important. You can also add your views in the comments below.
For more information about Mange, you can refer to the following links:
http://www.vet-organics.com/types-of-mange-in-dogs/
http://pets.webmd.com/dogs/mange-dogs-canine-scabies
Contagious ecthyma results from infection by the orf virus, a member of the genus Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. The orf virus remains viable on the wool and hides for approximately one month after the lesions have healed. It is very resistant to inactivation in the environment and has been recovered from dried crusts after 12 years.
[Photo: Negative-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) image of an Orf virus, genus Parapoxvirus. The criss-cross pattern is an artefact caused by superimposition of images of top and bottom surfaces of the virion. Source: Cynthia Goldsmith/CDC Public Health Image Library]
Mange is among the common illnesses that many dog owners are concerned about. People usually get tensed and do not know how to handle such situations. I present you this Presentation that speaks about Mange, a skin disease caused by tiny parasite mites on dogs. You can refer to this to know what Mange is all about, the types of Mange, the causes, the symptoms and a few easy ways to deal with it. Mange, if left untreated can be fatal. Therefore, timely knowledge and treatment about this disease is important. You can also add your views in the comments below.
For more information about Mange, you can refer to the following links:
http://www.vet-organics.com/types-of-mange-in-dogs/
http://pets.webmd.com/dogs/mange-dogs-canine-scabies
Contagious ecthyma results from infection by the orf virus, a member of the genus Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. The orf virus remains viable on the wool and hides for approximately one month after the lesions have healed. It is very resistant to inactivation in the environment and has been recovered from dried crusts after 12 years.
[Photo: Negative-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) image of an Orf virus, genus Parapoxvirus. The criss-cross pattern is an artefact caused by superimposition of images of top and bottom surfaces of the virion. Source: Cynthia Goldsmith/CDC Public Health Image Library]
Fowlpox is contagious viral disease.
Bird of all age is affected by this disease.
Chicken and turkeys are mainly affected by this disease.
Some viral type may also affect pigeon, geese, pheasants and quills.
1-2% mortality rate.
Incubation period 2-3 weeks.
Fowlpox is seen worldwide.
Fowlpox is contagious viral disease.
Bird of all age is affected by this disease.
Chicken and turkeys are mainly affected by this disease.
Some viral type may also affect pigeon, geese, pheasants and quills.
1-2% mortality rate.
Incubation period 2-3 weeks.
Fowlpox is seen worldwide.
The variety of wounds present challenges to the physician to select the most appropriate management to facilitate healing.
A complete wound history along with knowledge of the healing potential of the wound, as it relates to the specific medical and environmental considerations for each patient, provides the basis of decision making for wound management.
It is essential to consider each wound individually in order to create the optimal conditions for wound healing.
Understanding of wound healing is as important as knowing the pathogenesis of disease, because satisfactory wound healing is the ultimate goal of treatment.
If we are able to understand the mechanism of wound healing, we can design treatment approaches that maximize favorable conditions for wound healing to occur.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. 2
W O U N D
Learning Outcome
After the completion of this lesson, each student should
be able to;
1. Define Wound.
2. Classification of Wound
3. Process of Wound Healing
4. Treatment
3. 3
W O U N D
Definition of Wound
A wound is defined as;
Separation or Discontinuity of the Skin, Mucus
Membrane or Tissue Surface caused by
Physical, Chemical or Biological Insult.
4. 4
W O U N D
Causes of Wound
Trauma or external violence,
Sharp objects
5. 5
W O U N D
Classification of Wound
Open
Closed
Incised
Lacerated
Penetrating
Gunshot
Poisoned
Bite
Virulent
Ulcerative
Erosive
Punctured
Abrasion
Contusion
6. 6
W O U N D
1. Incised Wound:
Caused by sharp cutting instrument such as knives , Scalpels,
fragments of glass etc. with minimum loss of tissues, regular
edges, bleeds freely and Painful.
2. Lacerated Wound:
Caused by tearing of tissues with torn and uneven edges.
Wounds have irregular jagged borders and loss of tissue is
limited skin and subcutaneous tissue. Eg. Barbed wire.
Open Wound
Open Wound: Discontinuity in the skin and other
covering tissues to a varying depth.
7. 7
W O U N D
4. Perforating wound:
One having two openings, entrance and exit.
5. Punctured Wound:
Caused by sharp pointed objects like nails relatively
with small opening. Infection/foreign particles may
be present deep into the wound with inadequate
drainage Eg. Stab wound.
6. Gunshot wound:
Produced by various forms of firearms. Eg Bullet
8. 8
W O U N D
7. Bite Wound:
• Caused by bites of the animals.eg Dog bite, Snake bite.
8. Virulent Wound:
• Caused by Virus or bacteria leading to formation of pustules,
or vesicles. Eg. FMD, Anthrax
9. Granulating Wound:
that has tendency to heal within expected time.
10. Aseptic Wound:
• Surgical wound made under aseptic conditions where
chances of bacterial contamination is negligible.
9. 9
W O U N D
11. Contaminated Wound:
Wound where there is bacterial contamination.
12. Infected/Septic Wound
A contaminated wound may become infected after a period of
6-8 hours where bacterial multiplication may occur and
liberation of their toxins.
3. Penetrating wound:
Type of deep wounds communicating with cavities like
abdomen, thorax and joints etc. e.g. Stab wound.
10. 10
W O U N D
Closed Wound/Internal Wound
Only deeper tissues, muscles, nerves, barring the skin or mucus
membrane are damaged.
1. Contusion/Bruises:
Injury to the skin without any break in the continuity of the
tissue surface. Usually caused by blunt objects and the SC
tissues, muscles and nerves are damaged to a varying degree.
2. Abrasions:
Area of body denuded of skin or mucus membrane. Only
superficial tissues are involved.
11. 11
W O U N D
Wound Healing
May be achieved by :
1. First Intension healing
2. Second Intension healing
3. Mixed Intension healing
4. Third Intension healing
5. Healing under scab
12. 12
W O U N D
First Intension Healing (primary union)
Condition required
- clean and fresh,
- free from infection,
- no foreign body,
- good blood supply
- and properly immobilised
Healing process
-Space between the wound edges is first filled with blood clot.
- Capillaries and fibroblast cells grow into the space
- and unite the wound edges.
- Healing normally completes by five to fourteen days.
13. 13
W O U N D
Second Intension healing (healing by
replacement)
- takes place in wound with extensive loss of tissue
- or when the wound edges are widely separated
Process
The gap gets filled with capillaries and fibroblast cells growing
from the sides and bottom of the wound.
At the end of the healing fibrous tissue contracts and closes
most of the capillaries causing paleness of scar tissue.
The healing completes by fifteen to twenty days
but large wound with extensive loss of tissue may take six
weeks or more.
14. 14
W O U N D
Mixed Intension Healing:
Healing partly by first intension and partly by second
intension noticed when a sutured wound has partially
disrupted area where the suture remains intact heals by first
intension healing in the suture disrupted area healing by
second intension healing
Third Intension Healing
Is also called healing by secondary suture noticed in wound
with extensive loss of tissue, which other wise will heal by
second intension healing.
Gap between the wound edges is narrowed by suturing to
promote faster healing.
15. 15
W O U N D
Healing under scab:
This healing takes place in superficial wound where inner
tissue is not damaged but only the skin is damaged. Example
superficial wound like abrasion exudates dries up on the
surface forming a crust / scab
The healing takes place beneath the scab.
Do not remove the scab - hemorrhage
16. 16
W O U N D
Management of Wound
Basic Principles of Infected Wound Treatment Strategies
are as follows.
1. Debridement: The procedure will help manage septic wound
by providing access to the depth of the wound.
All necrotic tissue debris and foreign materials should be
removed until clean healthy tissue margin is achieved.
2.Lavage: After removal of necrotic debris, healthy exposed
tissues should be adequately irrigated with NSS or 2% H2o2
17. 17
W O U N D
If the wound has accumulated exudate using catheters, or rubber
tubes. Incision for drainage should be on the direct route
possibly away from tendons and major blood vessels.
Drainage of large volume of fluid from wounds should be done
slowly.
The wound space should be filled with sterile bandages dipped
in betadine or Povidone iodine and removed after 24-48 hrs.
Regular dressing is advised daily to prevent infection.
3. Wound Drainage:
18. 18
W O U N D
4. Antimicrobial Therapy:
Infected wound should be treated with antibiotics based on
CST.
Intravenous loading dose of antibiotics should be continued
for 10-14 days.
5. Sterile Protective Bandaging: is a good practice to avoid
infection with opportunistic organisms and to prevent
environmental contamination.
19. 19
W O U N D
1.Control of hemorrhage
- Tourniquet
- Thermocautery
- Crushing with forceps
- Torsion of vessel
- Ligation/ligature
- Injection
- Vitamin K
SA @0. 5 – 1 ml im
LA @ 10 –20 ml im
- calcium
5 – 10 ml in DNS
General Line of Wound Treatment
