Lecture notes for diploma students (Animal Science)

1. འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འཛིན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་ྲྭ།
སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
དློག་ཏྲར་་་འཇིགས་འབྡེལ་རློ་རྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་ྲྭ། སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
Local Anesthetic Procedures

2. Movie vs Real Life

3. 3 drunk guys entered a Taxi. The Taxi driver knew that they were
drunk so he started the engine and turned it off again. Then said, “we
have reached your destination”.
The fist guy gave him the money and the second guy said, “Thank
you”
The 3rd guy slapped the driver. The driver was shocked thinking the
3rd drunkard knew what he did. But then he asked, “what was that
for?”.
The 3rd guy replied’ “Control your speed next time, you nearly killed
us!”

4. Local Anesthesia: To anesthetize a region supplying at the target site.
1. Topical: Topical application in the form of gel/ solution /sprays on
the eye and mucus membrane of penis, vagina, rectum etc..
2. Field Block: Injected locally in surgical site
3. Regional: Around a large nerve trunk
4. Epidural: in the epidural space
5. Regional intravenous: Distal site of tourniquet intravenously

5. Commonly Used Local Anesthetic Agents
1. Lignocaine/ Lidocaine Hydrochloride (Xylocaine)
• 2% solution with 1:100,000 adrenaline is employed.
• 4% solution mostly used as surface anesthesia.
• Onset within 10 mins.
• Lasts about 60 minutes.
2. Procaine Hydrochloride (Novocaine)
• 2% as Local anesthesia
• Less commonly used in horses and cattle.

6. 3. Mepivacaine Hydrochloride (Carbocaine)
• Mostly used in Horses local anesthesia
• Less toxic than lignocaine
• Available as 1-2%
4. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride ( Sensorcaine, Marcaine)
• Highly stable
• Rapid onset (10 mins)
• More potent than lignocaine
• Mostly used where longer anesthesia is required (Obstetrical)

7. Techniques of Local Anesthesia
1. Infiltration Anesthesia
• Nerve endings are blocked at the actual site of operation.
• Infiltration in the incision site in the form of line, inverted L or 7
pattern.
• Depth of infiltration =1cm for subcutaneous (multiple), 2-7cm
for deeper muscles.

8. 2. Regional Anesthesia
Around a sensory nerve trunk or intravenous injection distal to
the tourniquet.
-Surgical techniques like;
• abdominal exploration,
• umbilical surgery,
• perineal surgery,
• C.S, Castration ,
• dehorning,
• Enucleation
REGIONALANESTHESIA SHOULD BE ALWAYS CARRIED IN AN ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE

9. 1. Paravertebral Block.
Proximal/Farquharson/Cambridge
Technique
Distal/Cornell Technique

10. 1. Paravertebral Block.

11. Epidural Anesthesia

12. Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

13. Cornual Nerve Block
Indications:
• Dehorning
• Horn Injury
• Disbudding

14. Upper third of Temporal
Ridge 2.5cm below the base
of horn
2.5 CM
ANATOMY