World War 2 was caused by rising nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in Germany, Italy, and Japan in the 1930s. These fascist regimes were led by dictators like Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo who took control of their nations, built up their militaries, and sought to expand their territories, ignoring international treaties. They took advantage of economic troubles to promise national renewal through aggression. The Western democracies failed to effectively counter the aggression and Germany, Italy, and Japan became emboldened, ultimately leading to World War 2.

1. World War II
Outcome: Causes of World War II

2. Causes of World War II
1. Underlying Causes of World War II
a.
Nationalism (Review from WWI): Extreme pride in one’s nationality or country
Imperialism (Review from WWI): Taking of land/property
c. Militarism (Review from WWI): Building weapons or a strong military
b.

3. Causes of World War II
1. Underlying Causes of World War II
d.
Fascism: a political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation and
often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic
government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social
regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition

4. Causes of World War II
Totalitarian Dictatorships: Leaders who control all aspects of society
e.
i.
Each dictator took advantage of economic problems by:
1. Promising simple solutions to their nation’s problems
2. Rebuilding national pride (often using propaganda)
3. Providing scapegoats (targets for anger & blame)
4. Absorbing power, taking away individual rights, and crushing
opposition (1 party; 1 ruler)

5. Adolf Hitler in Germany

6. Causes of World War II
2. Fascist Germany
Dictator: Adolf Hitler (Der Fuhrer or The leader)
a.
i.
Nazism is German Fascism
Goals:
b.
i.
Nationalism:
1. Wanted to rebuild Germany
2. Preached Vengeance against (4 hates)
a. Democracies (a weak & undisciplined form of gov’t)
b. Communism (a threat to Nazi growth)
c. November Criminals who signed the WWI Armistice
d. Jews (the source of all evil & problems in Germany)

7. Causes of World War II
2. Fascist Germany
ii.
Imperialism:
1. A desire to unite all people of German ancestry (Blood & language)
2. “Lebensraum” (a desire for more living space) needed to build his
empire he called The Third Reich
iii. Militarism:
1. Defied the Treaty of Versailles & rebuild the army
2. Created the “Nazi War Machine”
3. Built #1 military in the world

8. Benito Mussolini of Italy

9. Causes of World War II
3. Fascist Italy
Dictator: Benito Mussolini (Il Duce = The Leader)
b. Goals:
a.
i.
Nationalism:
1. Wished to rebuild the ancient Holy Roman Empire
ii.
Imperialism:
1. Felt betrayed by the Allies at the Treaty of Versailles Conference
due to a promise of land for joining the Allies that was not kept
2. Wanted to control lands around the Mediterranean Sea;
3. “Mare Nostrum” = Our Sea
iii. Militarism:
1. Formed the Rome-Berlin Axis (alliance) with Germany in 1936

10. Hideki Tojo & Emperor Hirohito

11. Causes of World War II
4. Japan
Dictators:
a.
i.
Hideki Tojo: Military Leader & Prime Minister
ii.
Emperor Hirohito: Political & Spiritual figurehead
Goals
b.
i.
Nationalism:
1. Japan wanted to be #1 in Asia
2. Goal: Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere: name for power in Asia
ii.
Imperialism:
1. To be #1 in Asia, they needed oil and raw materials
2. Wanted China’s land (and others) to obtain oil and raw materials
iii. Militarism:
1. Built up the strongest military regime in Asia
2. Soldier’s motto: “Death before Dishonor”

12. Causes of World War II
5. Others
Spain: Franco’s fascists won the Spanish Civil War
b. Soviet Union: Joseph Stalin took control of the communist nation
a.
 Germany, Italy, & Japan became known as the Axis
Powers once the war began. AKA the Bad Guys!

13. Francisco Franco of Spain

14. Joseph Stalin in The Soviet Union

15. Causes of World War II
e. Poor Decisions were made by the powerful democracies
France & Great Britain adopted a policy of appeasement
ii. The League of Nations would prove ineffective; lacked a military
i.
iii.
U.S.: Isolationism & Depression kept our focus on U.S. concerns; once
aggression began we claimed to be neutral

16. Causes of World War II
Equation:
Nationalism + Imperialism + Militarism = Aggression
Extreme Aggression = War!