1. Women play a significant role in livestock production in India, undertaking many activities related to rearing animals. However, they face constraints like lack of access to training and resources. 2. Empowering women economically through livestock production can help their families and communities. Studies show women's participation in dairy cooperatives increases their personal, social, and economic empowerment. 3. Promoting women's leadership in cooperatives and providing need-based training, funding, and technologies can help overcome constraints and further empower women in the livestock sector.

1. 1

2. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
2

3. INTRODUCTION
• You can tell the condition
of a nation by looking at
the status of its women
- Jawaharlal Nehru
INTRODUCTION
3

4. “Empowering women is a prerequisite for creating a good
nation, when women are empowered, society with stability is
assured. Empowerment of women is essential as their value
systems lead to the development of a good family, good
society and ultimately good nation”
– Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
4

5. OBJECTIVES OF SEMINAR
1
• To understand the concept of women empowerment
2
• To know the areas of women empowerment
3 • To examine the role of women in livestock production
4 • To review the research conducted on women empowerment
through livestock production

6. Oxford dictionary:
Empower is “Give power to; Make able to”
“Give strength and confidence to”
Empowerment means emancipation of women in
harmonious co-existence with men in society. Power provides
social recognition, dignity, prosperity, value and security. Hence
empowerment has acquired a considerable aura of
responsibility and social status in the development vocabulary.
DEFINITION OF EMPOWERMENT
6

7. According to Ranga Reddy:
Empowerment is defined as a redistribution of social
power and control of resources in favour of women.
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8. STATUS OF WOMEN IN
WORLDWIDE
Women and Poverty
70 % of the 1.2 billion people living in poverty are women
Women as Workers
Women do more than 67% of the hours of work
done in the world
Earn only 10% of the world’s income
And own only 1% of the world’s property
8

9. Cont..
Women are paid 30-40% less than men for comparable work
on an average
60-80% of the food in most developing countries is produced
by women
Women hold between 10-20% managerial and administrative
jobs
Women make up less than five per cent of the world’s heads
of state
9

10. status of women in India
Total population 1025.25 million
Total women 494.82 m (48.26% of the total
population)
Rate of participation of women in work
force out of total women in the country
25.67%
Rate of participation of women in work
force out of total men in the country
51.67%
Total cultivators 127.62 m
Female cultivators 41.29 m (32.35%)
Total Agricultural laborer 107.44 m
women Agricultural laborer 47.94 m (44.62%)
Source: Census of India 2001
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11. DIMENSIONS OF WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
Personal empowerment
Collective empowerment
Empowerment within close relationship
11

12.  Self-confidence
 Awareness
 Less burden of work and more leisure time
 Decrease in violence within family
 Physically Mobility
 Self identity
 Decision making power
 Attitude
 Access to resources
INDICATORS OF WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
QUALITATIVE INDICATORS
12

13. QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS
 Literacy
 Member of Local Self- Government
 Changes in physical status/nutritional status
 Increase in age at marriage
 Developmental programmes
13

14.  Awareness building
 Skills and capacity assessment
 Capacity building and skill development
 Participation and greater control on decision making
 Action for change
 Evaluation
SIX STAGES OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
14

15. AREAS OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Educational
empowerment
Social
empowerment
Economic
empowerment
Technological
empowerment
Political
empowerment
15

16. If you are planning for a year ,
cultivate rice
If you are planning for 5 years,
plant coconut tree
If you are planning for 100 years
send your girl/child to the school
-Indian ancient proverb
EDUCATIONAL EMPOWERMENT
16

17. 17
WOMEN LITERACY IN PRE-INDEPENDENT
INDIA
Year % of literacy
1881 0.2
1901 0.69
1911 1.05
1921 1.81
1931 2.93
1941 6.0
WOMEN LITERACY IN PRE-INDEPENDENT
INDIA

18. WOMEN LITERACY IN POST-INDEPENDENT INDIA
Year % of literacy
1951 7.93
1961 12.95
1971 18.72
1981 24.82
1991 39.29
2001 54.16
Source: Census of India 2001
WOMEN LITERACY IN POST-INDEPENDENT
INDIA
18

19. RURAL AND URBAN WOMEN LITERACY
Rural women
literacy
Urban women
literacy
Year Literacy
rate(%)
Year Literacy
rate(%)
1961 9.10 1961 37.4
1971 13.08 1971 42.05
1981 17.96 1981 47.82
1991 24.6 1991 53.7
2001 31.6 2001 54.01
RURAL AND URBAN WOMEN LITERACY

20. EDUCATIONAL EMPOWERMENT IS ENSURED
THROUGH ...
 Mahila Samakhya
 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
 Mid day meal Scheme
20

21. SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT
Equality of treatment, equality of respect, equality of opportunity,
equality of recognition and above all equality of status.
21

22. • The Family Courts Act, 1954
• Widow Remarriage Act, 1956
• The Hindu Succession Act,1956
• Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
• The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
• The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986
22

23. • Access to resource
• Micro-credit programmes
• Access to cooperatives and
local women’s organizations
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
Empowering women with economically productive work will
enhance their contribution to Agriculture and livestock
development.
23

24. Political empowerment
• Political empowerment of women is basically to create
more consciousness among women and to strike a
greater gender balance in the decision making
political empowerment
POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT
24

25. WOMEN IN POLITICS
Country Women in parliament Per cent
Rwanda 45 of 80 56.3
Sweden 165 of 349 47.3
South Africa 172 of 400 43
Argentina 107 of 257 41.6
Norway 64 of 169 37.9
Netherlands 55 of 150 36.7
Germany 195 of 614 31.8
Pakistan 73 of 342 21.3
Italy 134 of 630 21.3
Canada 64 of 345 20.8
China 604 of 2980 20.3
Bangladesh 64 of 345 18.6
France 107 of 577 18.5
India 59 0f 543 10.9 Kurukshetra June-2010
25

26. WOMEN REPRESENTATIVES IN THE PARLIAMENT
Year Total No. of seats No. of women members %
1952 499 22 4.4
1957 500 27 5.4
1962 503 34 6.8
1967 523 31 5.9
1971 521 22 4.2
1980 544 28 5.1
1989 544 27 5.2
1996 543 40 7.4
2004 543 45 8.2
2009 543 59 10.1
Kurukshetra June-2010 26

27. POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT IS ENSURED
THROUGH ……
• Quota system to women in the legislative bodies
• 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment
• 81stconstitutional amendment
27

28. • Capacity Building
• Exposure to Mass Media
• Appropriate Training Programme
• Appropriate Technology for Women
TECHNOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT
28

29. EXAMINE THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
29

30. Livestock
Livestock holdings are include cattle, goats,
sheeps, pigs, poultry, horses, camels and yaks.
Livestock population in India-2003(million no.)
Animal Population
Cow 185
Buffalo 979
Sheep 61.5
Goat 124.4
Pigs 13.5
Poultry 489
30

31. VALUE OF OUTPUT FROM LIVESTOCK
• Contribution of animal husbandry, dairy, fishery sector to total
GDP- 5.21%
• Out of total India's income 15% of income is through animal
sector
• Value of output from livestock and fishery sector-
Rs. 2,82,779 Crore
• The value of output from meat was Rs.40,399 Crore
31

32. Cont…
• Contribution of milk alone- Rs.1,62,136 Crore.
• People engaged in animal husbandry - 22.45 million,
women- 16.84 million
• Animal husbandry and fishery sector together engage 36.94
million population, 20.88 million are women
Source: Pratiyogitha darpana-2009
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33. WOMEN IN LIVESTOCK REARING
• Large animal production
• Goat production
• Poultry production
Different activities related to livestock rearing
• Breeding
• Feeding
• Health care
• Processing and marketing related activities
• Management
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34. AVERAGE TIME CONSUMPTION FOR EACH ACTIVITY
Type of house hold
work
Avg. time
consumption
Avg. frequency
Milking 30 m 2/day
Dung cake
preparation
35m 1/day
Water fetching 40m 3/day
Milk processing 90m 11 time/month
Preparation of food 6hr every day
34

35. • Majority of women livestock management as a
traditional responsibility
• Extension and training are often arranged by men.
Hence, few women participate in Programmes
• Funding support for women is not forthcoming
• Involvement of women in co-operative is very low
CONSTRAINTS FACED BY WOMEN IN
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
35

36. EXTENSION APPROCHES FOR LIVESTOCK
DEVELOPMENT
• Livestock productivity oriented approach
• Quality oriented approach
• Value addition directed approach
• Market oriented approach
• Group mobilization and commercialization
36

37. EFFORTS TO PROMOTE WOMEN IN
DAIRYING
• Women’s Dairy Cooperative Leadership Development
Programme
• Support for Training and Employment Programme
• Cooperative Development Programme
37

38. Women’s Dairy Cooperative Leadership
Development Programme
Objectives
1.To enhance women’s participation in dairy cooperatives
2.To train women for affordable milk business
3.Total upliftment of women through dairy cooperative
4.Bring women in decision making
.
38

39. Support to Training and Employment
Programme for Women
Objectives
• To organize exclusive Women Dairy Cooperatives and to take up
employment cum income generation activities.
• To provide need based and extensive training for skill upgradation
• Mobilizing women in formation of Self Help Groups as a tool for
income generating activity and for easy access to credit
• Creating awareness through designed programme
• Confidence building among women and to generate leadership
qualities
39

40. 40

41. 41
Role of Motivational factors in Adoption of Dairy
and Livestock Enterprises of Swarnajayanti gram
swarozgar yojana
(Rathore, et al., 1999)

42. Social factors which motivated beneficiaries to adopt dairy
and livestock enterprises of the SGSY Programme
Sl. No. Social motivating factors MPS Rank
1 I want to fulfill
educational need of my
children
91.04 II
2 To boost family and
personal prestige
61.11 IV
3 Encouraged by friends
and neighbours
70.50 III
4 children and family
members can also
contribute relatively more
91.75 I
5 Future of the family
depends upon amenities
in the family
41.83 V
42

43. 43
General factors which motivated beneficiaries to adopt
dairy and livestock enterprise of the SGSY programme
SL.NO General motivating factors MPS Rank
1 Influenced by village sarpanch 82.40 II
2 Influenced by mass media 45.75 VII
3 Consultancy services are easily available 41.50 VIII
4 Encouraged by line department 47.05 VI
5 Less management skill is required for dairy
and livestock
51.30 V
6 The role of KVK’s, SAU’s, input agencies, bank
etc. extremely important as promoter.
61.11 III
7 Earnings for improving their living standard 87.54 I
8 Less chances of natural calamities 58.28 IV
N=102

44. 44
Livelihood Improvement of Farm Women
Through Cattle and Buffalo Rearing in Jhun
Jhunu district of Rajasthan.
(Poonam Kalash, et al .,2009)

45. 1.Distribution of respondents on the basis of their level of
adoption of improved Cattle and Buffalo rearing practices.
Sl.No. Level of adoption No. of farmers Per cent
1 Low (<45) 12 12
2 Medium (45-62) 58 58
3 High (>62) 30 30
Total 100 100
45
N=100

46. 46
2.Average income generation by cattle and buffalo
rearing
Sl. No. Type of animals No. of
animals
Gross Return
(Rs./ Yr)
Total cost
(Rs./Yr)
Net income
(Rs./Yr)
1 Cross breed cow 1 44,606 29,886 14,720
2 Buffalo 1 48,678 32,614 16,064
Total 2 93,284 62,500 30,784

47. Problems of Dairy Practicing Women
(Sheela and Sundara Swamy, 2009)
47

48. Problems of
Problems of Dairy Practicing Women
Sl.
No.
Problems No. of
Respondents
%
1 Lack of loan facilities 92 51.40
2 High cost of commercial cattle feed 43 24.02
3 Long distance to veterinary hospital 20 11.17
4 Non availability of medical aid in time 17 9.50
5 No supply of cross breed cows on loan
basis
16 8.94
6 Non availability of cattle feed always 4 2.23
7 Failure of artificial insemination 13 7.26
8 Not getting facilities from society. If
animals purchased by their own.
4 2.23
48
N=179

49. 49
Women Dairy Cooperatives and
Empowerment of Women
(Rajni Pandey and Indu Grover, 2009)

50. Level of Empowerment of Beneficiaries
through Dairy
SL.No. Dimensions Frequency Percentage
1 Personal
Low
Medium
High
Social
Low
Medium
High
Economic
Low
Medium
High
13
178
9
9
168
23
10
90
100
6.50
89.00
4.50
4.50
84.00
11.50
5.00
45.00
50.00
2
3
N=200

51. 51
Cont....
Cont…..
4 Entrepreneurial
Low
Medium
High
Managerial
Low
Medium
High
15
170
15
7
170
23
7.50
85.00
7.50
3.50
85.00
11.50
5
6 Political
Low
Medium
High
18
168
14
9.00
84.00
7.00
7 Technological
Low
Medium
High
12
168
20
6.00
84.00
10.00

52. Level of Participation of Women in Livestock
Farming Activities
( Narmatha, et al., 2009)
52

53. Level of participation of women in livestock
farming activities
Livestock farming activity Per cent
Feeding domain 79.66
Health care domain 68.66
Management domain 85.50
Breeding domain 61.32
Marketing domain 29 .00
53
N=5
0

54. CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Farm women contributed in livestock activities in
addition to their routine household activities. There is a need
for empowering women in the areas of dairy development,
for their economic well-being. Further womens’ access to
training for modern dairying and cooperative management
becomes essential.
54