1) Three studies examined the empowerment of rural women in India through self-help groups, political participation, and a government program called Stree Shakti.
2) The studies found high levels of agreement among women leaders that political participation and development programs help empower women.
3) Self-help groups in Andhra Pradesh were effective at empowering women economically and improving their status through increased savings, loans, and independence.
4) The Stree Shakti program in Tumkur district increased women's awareness, participation in group activities, and financial benefits from cattle rearing, goat rearing, and other small businesses.
“The day a woman can walk freely on the roads at night, that day we can say that India has achieved independence.”
--Mahatma Gandhi
This slide describes about the position where a woman used to stand or stands in the current era or even in the days of vintage and the struggles a woman faces in her day to day life.
Policies & programmes for women in indiaPawan Sharma
The document discusses policies and programs aimed at empowering women farmers in India. It notes that women make up a large portion of the agricultural workforce but face numerous constraints including lack of land rights, access to credit and technology. Key government programs discussed include the National Rural Livelihood Mission which promotes self-help groups for women, and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act which aims to generate rural employment, especially for women. The document also provides recommendations to strengthen women farmers' roles, such as improving land access, providing gender-sensitive agricultural support and encouraging group-based approaches to empowerment.
Farm women play a vital but often overlooked role in Indian agriculture. They are involved in activities across the agricultural cycle from land preparation to harvesting, storage, and beyond. However, their contributions remain largely unpaid and unrecognized. They face numerous challenges including gender inequalities in wages, lack of land and asset ownership, time poverty due to domestic responsibilities, and occupational health and safety issues. There is a need for policies and programs that promote women's empowerment in agriculture through improved access to resources, education, training, and recognition of their substantial economic contributions.
This document discusses a study on the role of self-help groups in empowering rural women in Tamil Nadu, India. The study examines how self-help groups provide an economic and social support system for women. Self-help groups help women start small businesses, access microloans, make independent financial contributions to their families, gain skills and confidence, and have greater freedom of movement. While self-help groups have made progress in empowering women, the conclusion notes that more still needs to be done to fully realize women's empowerment.
Women play a vital role in agriculture but face numerous constraints. They constitute 50% of the agricultural workforce globally and produce 60-80% of food in developing countries. However, compared to men they receive disproportionately less investment and have unequal access to resources and opportunities. While women contribute to both subsistence and cash crops, they have less control over resources. They have greater time constraints due to unpaid household responsibilities and less mobility and education. To empower women in agriculture, recommendations include implementing gender-responsive approaches to improve productivity, improving knowledge about women's roles, and engendering policies and practices in agribusinesses.
1) The document discusses the concept of the "feminization of poverty", which refers to women representing a disproportionate percentage of the world's poor.
2) Key causes of the feminization of poverty include lack of income due to lower wages and care responsibilities for women, as well as gender biases in societies and governments that deprive women of opportunities.
3) Single mother households, who have only two-thirds the income of male-headed households, are particularly at high risk of poverty due to lack of resources.
1. The document examines macroeconomic implications of gender gaps in labor force participation.
2. Female labor force participation rates remain low globally at 50% on average, with significant cross-regional differences.
3. Closing gender gaps in labor markets could boost GDP substantially in many countries by enabling women to develop their full economic potential.
Self-help groups are village-based committees usually composed of 10-20 local women or men that provide mutual support for each other. They help members save small regular amounts, meet emergency needs through microloans, and gain economic independence. Self-help groups are an innovative setup in India that activate savings, build trust between rural communities and promoters, and provide access to credit. They meet regularly, discuss problems, and create a common fund through member contributions. Maintaining clear bookkeeping records is important for managing group finances and transactions. Various government programs and non-profits help establish and support self-help groups.
“The day a woman can walk freely on the roads at night, that day we can say that India has achieved independence.”
--Mahatma Gandhi
This slide describes about the position where a woman used to stand or stands in the current era or even in the days of vintage and the struggles a woman faces in her day to day life.
Policies & programmes for women in indiaPawan Sharma
The document discusses policies and programs aimed at empowering women farmers in India. It notes that women make up a large portion of the agricultural workforce but face numerous constraints including lack of land rights, access to credit and technology. Key government programs discussed include the National Rural Livelihood Mission which promotes self-help groups for women, and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act which aims to generate rural employment, especially for women. The document also provides recommendations to strengthen women farmers' roles, such as improving land access, providing gender-sensitive agricultural support and encouraging group-based approaches to empowerment.
Farm women play a vital but often overlooked role in Indian agriculture. They are involved in activities across the agricultural cycle from land preparation to harvesting, storage, and beyond. However, their contributions remain largely unpaid and unrecognized. They face numerous challenges including gender inequalities in wages, lack of land and asset ownership, time poverty due to domestic responsibilities, and occupational health and safety issues. There is a need for policies and programs that promote women's empowerment in agriculture through improved access to resources, education, training, and recognition of their substantial economic contributions.
This document discusses a study on the role of self-help groups in empowering rural women in Tamil Nadu, India. The study examines how self-help groups provide an economic and social support system for women. Self-help groups help women start small businesses, access microloans, make independent financial contributions to their families, gain skills and confidence, and have greater freedom of movement. While self-help groups have made progress in empowering women, the conclusion notes that more still needs to be done to fully realize women's empowerment.
Women play a vital role in agriculture but face numerous constraints. They constitute 50% of the agricultural workforce globally and produce 60-80% of food in developing countries. However, compared to men they receive disproportionately less investment and have unequal access to resources and opportunities. While women contribute to both subsistence and cash crops, they have less control over resources. They have greater time constraints due to unpaid household responsibilities and less mobility and education. To empower women in agriculture, recommendations include implementing gender-responsive approaches to improve productivity, improving knowledge about women's roles, and engendering policies and practices in agribusinesses.
1) The document discusses the concept of the "feminization of poverty", which refers to women representing a disproportionate percentage of the world's poor.
2) Key causes of the feminization of poverty include lack of income due to lower wages and care responsibilities for women, as well as gender biases in societies and governments that deprive women of opportunities.
3) Single mother households, who have only two-thirds the income of male-headed households, are particularly at high risk of poverty due to lack of resources.
1. The document examines macroeconomic implications of gender gaps in labor force participation.
2. Female labor force participation rates remain low globally at 50% on average, with significant cross-regional differences.
3. Closing gender gaps in labor markets could boost GDP substantially in many countries by enabling women to develop their full economic potential.
Self-help groups are village-based committees usually composed of 10-20 local women or men that provide mutual support for each other. They help members save small regular amounts, meet emergency needs through microloans, and gain economic independence. Self-help groups are an innovative setup in India that activate savings, build trust between rural communities and promoters, and provide access to credit. They meet regularly, discuss problems, and create a common fund through member contributions. Maintaining clear bookkeeping records is important for managing group finances and transactions. Various government programs and non-profits help establish and support self-help groups.
Role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in rural development Devegowda S R
NGOs play an important role in rural development in India. The document discusses several NGOs working in Karnataka like RUDSETI, SKDRDP, MYRADA, AMEF, BAIF, and Karuna Trust. It provides details on the objectives, activities, and impact of these NGOs. For example, a study found that SKDRDP significantly increased land development work, irrigation facilities, employment opportunities, and introduced subsidiary occupations and improved cropping patterns for beneficiaries. Overall, NGOs fill important gaps and help empower communities through activities like training, livelihood generation, watershed development, and advocacy.
Entrepreneurship and women empowerment-PPT about successful women EntrepreneursKaruppan Gnanasambandan
This document discusses women empowerment through entrepreneurship in India. It provides definitions of empowerment from dictionaries and Wikipedia. It discusses the status of women in India historically and currently, including their roles in society, participation in independence movements, and current levels of literacy, work participation, and representation in government. Key figures who advocated for women's rights and empowerment are mentioned. The document outlines components of women's empowerment and examines current government programs and initiatives as well as success stories of individual women entrepreneurs in India who have started successful businesses. Areas for further action and empowerment are suggested.
This document discusses women empowerment in India. It outlines the history and existing problems like gender discrimination, lack of education, and atrocities against women. Some key issues faced by Indian women include low literacy rates compared to men, lack of representation in politics and the judiciary, economic dependence, and gender disparities. However, some efforts have been made through organizations like SEWA and the Mann Deshi Mahila Sahakari Bank to promote financial inclusion and empowerment of women. Overall, the document analyzes the need for women's empowerment in India and some challenges that still remain.
This document discusses dimensions of agricultural extension and rural development. It defines rural development as a process aimed at improving the standard of living of rural people, especially the poor. Rural development is seen as multi-disciplinary, involving agriculture, social sciences, management and more. The main objectives of rural development programs are improving living standards through sustainable utilization of natural and human resources, developing agriculture and industries, and building socio-economic infrastructure.
PPT ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, empowerment,india, ppt on women empowerment,women,women empowerment,rights, women rights, powerpoint presentation on women empowerment, women empowerment in India, government policies on women empowerment
Self-help groups (SHGs) were introduced in India to promote women's empowerment and self-sufficiency. SHGs are small community-based organizations composed of 10-20 rural poor women who voluntarily save small amounts of money together. They use their pooled savings to provide interest-free loans to members for purposes such as meeting emergency needs or starting small businesses. The objectives of SHGs are to provide women with a platform, job training, decision making skills, access to collateral-free loans, and increased confidence. Today, SHGs have become one of the largest microfinance programs in the world, helping to alleviate poverty and empower rural women economically and socially.
Rural development is a complex process that aims to improve living conditions in rural areas. It requires integrated efforts across sectors like infrastructure, public services, health, education, employment and standard of living. While the government and private sector have undertaken development initiatives, rural areas still lag significantly behind cities in these areas. Effective rural development strategies require addressing issues like inadequate infrastructure, lack of opportunities, traditional mindsets, and ensuring balanced growth between rural and urban regions.
This document contains information about women's participation in politics in India. It lists the names of group members at the top and then provides background on women's empowerment and the history of women's suffrage in India. It discusses current women leaders in politics and some challenges faced by women in achieving political representation, such as cultural norms and holding lesser important roles. Quotas have been implemented in some states to increase women's political participation.
The document discusses women empowerment in India. It provides an overview of the current status of women in various areas such as economic participation, political empowerment, educational attainment, health and well-being. It notes that while laws and constitutional rights guarantee equality, in practice women face disadvantages. It outlines various government schemes and initiatives aimed at promoting gender equality and empowering women economically, politically, and socially. Key areas of focus include increasing women's participation in the workforce, education, politics, and addressing health and nutrition issues.
It include history of women, principles of women empowerment, stages, six S, need of women empowerment, changes in women empowerment, acts in women empowerment, programmes for women, different projects, constraints of women empowerment, measurement of women empowerment, conclusion.
Introduction to rural sociology (101) 1st lectureMarina Hanna
1. Sociology is defined as the scientific study of human social life, groups, and societies. It examines how people interact within these social contexts.
2. Rural sociology applies sociological concepts and methods to study rural societies and rural people. It examines relationships and social issues within rural communities.
3. Studying rural sociology is important because most of the world's population lives in rural areas, especially in developing countries. Understanding rural life and societies is crucial for rural development efforts like agriculture, education, and poverty reduction programs.
Rural social structure,Social change and continuityRoshan Pant
Rural sociology studies various aspects of rural life and society. It examines rural social structures, institutions, and patterns of life. Some key points of the document include:
- Rural sociology analyzes rural communities, social organizations, reconstruction efforts, and the relationship between rural and urban areas. It aims to understand rural problems and make rural populations more self-sufficient.
- The methods used in rural sociology include structural-functional analysis of social institutions, regional approaches studying large geographical units, comparative analysis of different villages, participatory fieldwork, and social surveys.
- There is no clear distinction between rural and urban areas. Over time, as villages develop industries and infrastructure, the differences between rural and urban
This document discusses definitions and objectives of rural development. It defines rural development as a process leading to sustainable improvement in the quality of life of rural people, especially the poor. The main objectives of rural development programs are improving living standards by utilizing natural and human resources, developing agriculture and industries, and building socio-economic infrastructure and community services. Key aspects of rural development include increasing production, providing social and physical infrastructure, and ensuring people's participation.
The document discusses the status of women in India from ancient times to the present. It begins by noting that women had equal status with men in ancient India and held prominent positions, but their status deteriorated during the medieval period with the rise of practices like sati and child marriage. While women excelled in some fields, gender inequality increased under British colonial rule and the introduction of practices like purdah. Reformers in the 19th century worked to improve conditions for women. The document then outlines continuing issues related to health, education, employment, and violence facing women in India today despite constitutional guarantees of equality and women's advancement in some areas.
Women empowerment through self help groupsmahindravada
Self Helf Groups are formed to empower women. With the help of these groups, women are able to support the family economically, able to live with dignity and able to take informed decisions.
The document presents results from a survey measuring women's empowerment in agriculture in Bangladesh using the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index. It finds that only about 42% of women in Bangladesh have achieved gender parity with men in their households. The domains that contribute most to women's disempowerment are leadership, production, and resources. Rates of empowerment vary significantly across regions and are generally lower for older, less educated, and poorer women.
Gender plays an important role in agricultural development. Statistics show closing the gender gap could increase GDP by 9-16%, reduce hunger by 12-17%, and increase agricultural yields by 20-30%. While women constitute 50% of the agricultural workforce and produce 50% of the world's food, they only receive 10% of income and own 1% of property. They face disparities in areas like income, wages, education, and health. Addressing issues like food security, rural finance, land policy, markets, labor, and infrastructure could help empower women and boost agricultural productivity and economic growth. However, achieving gender equality faces political, policy, practical, and technological challenges that need to be overcome.
Rural areas are separately settled places away from large cities characterized by lower population density and engagement in primary industries like agriculture. A rural community has a sense of unity and religion plays an important role in village life. Rural lifestyles differ from urban ones in having limited services, public transport, and utilities. Rural development aims to improve the economic and social conditions of rural poor through collective efforts and generation of employment in farm, storage, and other economic activities while also developing infrastructure, health, education, and living conditions. It faces various challenges including traditional mindsets, lack of education, inadequate infrastructure, and economic and leadership problems. Rural development is important for India to develop rural areas holistically and empower communities.
Women empowerment refers to increasing the social, political, and economic strength of women. It has five components: sense of self-worth, ability to make choices, access to opportunities, control over one's life, and ability to influence social change. Women in India face many issues like gender discrimination, lack of education, child marriage, domestic violence, and low participation in the workforce and decision making. Several government programs aim to empower women through self-help groups, education, skill development, microfinance, and encouraging political participation. Empowering women is necessary for overall development and realizing human rights.
Women empowerment through livestock productionDevegowda S R
1. Women play a significant role in livestock production in India, undertaking many activities related to rearing animals. However, they face constraints like lack of access to training and resources.
2. Empowering women economically through livestock production can help their families and communities. Studies show women's participation in dairy cooperatives increases their personal, social, and economic empowerment.
3. Promoting women's leadership in cooperatives and providing need-based training, funding, and technologies can help overcome constraints and further empower women in the livestock sector.
Role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in rural development Devegowda S R
NGOs play an important role in rural development in India. The document discusses several NGOs working in Karnataka like RUDSETI, SKDRDP, MYRADA, AMEF, BAIF, and Karuna Trust. It provides details on the objectives, activities, and impact of these NGOs. For example, a study found that SKDRDP significantly increased land development work, irrigation facilities, employment opportunities, and introduced subsidiary occupations and improved cropping patterns for beneficiaries. Overall, NGOs fill important gaps and help empower communities through activities like training, livelihood generation, watershed development, and advocacy.
Entrepreneurship and women empowerment-PPT about successful women EntrepreneursKaruppan Gnanasambandan
This document discusses women empowerment through entrepreneurship in India. It provides definitions of empowerment from dictionaries and Wikipedia. It discusses the status of women in India historically and currently, including their roles in society, participation in independence movements, and current levels of literacy, work participation, and representation in government. Key figures who advocated for women's rights and empowerment are mentioned. The document outlines components of women's empowerment and examines current government programs and initiatives as well as success stories of individual women entrepreneurs in India who have started successful businesses. Areas for further action and empowerment are suggested.
This document discusses women empowerment in India. It outlines the history and existing problems like gender discrimination, lack of education, and atrocities against women. Some key issues faced by Indian women include low literacy rates compared to men, lack of representation in politics and the judiciary, economic dependence, and gender disparities. However, some efforts have been made through organizations like SEWA and the Mann Deshi Mahila Sahakari Bank to promote financial inclusion and empowerment of women. Overall, the document analyzes the need for women's empowerment in India and some challenges that still remain.
This document discusses dimensions of agricultural extension and rural development. It defines rural development as a process aimed at improving the standard of living of rural people, especially the poor. Rural development is seen as multi-disciplinary, involving agriculture, social sciences, management and more. The main objectives of rural development programs are improving living standards through sustainable utilization of natural and human resources, developing agriculture and industries, and building socio-economic infrastructure.
PPT ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, empowerment,india, ppt on women empowerment,women,women empowerment,rights, women rights, powerpoint presentation on women empowerment, women empowerment in India, government policies on women empowerment
Self-help groups (SHGs) were introduced in India to promote women's empowerment and self-sufficiency. SHGs are small community-based organizations composed of 10-20 rural poor women who voluntarily save small amounts of money together. They use their pooled savings to provide interest-free loans to members for purposes such as meeting emergency needs or starting small businesses. The objectives of SHGs are to provide women with a platform, job training, decision making skills, access to collateral-free loans, and increased confidence. Today, SHGs have become one of the largest microfinance programs in the world, helping to alleviate poverty and empower rural women economically and socially.
Rural development is a complex process that aims to improve living conditions in rural areas. It requires integrated efforts across sectors like infrastructure, public services, health, education, employment and standard of living. While the government and private sector have undertaken development initiatives, rural areas still lag significantly behind cities in these areas. Effective rural development strategies require addressing issues like inadequate infrastructure, lack of opportunities, traditional mindsets, and ensuring balanced growth between rural and urban regions.
This document contains information about women's participation in politics in India. It lists the names of group members at the top and then provides background on women's empowerment and the history of women's suffrage in India. It discusses current women leaders in politics and some challenges faced by women in achieving political representation, such as cultural norms and holding lesser important roles. Quotas have been implemented in some states to increase women's political participation.
The document discusses women empowerment in India. It provides an overview of the current status of women in various areas such as economic participation, political empowerment, educational attainment, health and well-being. It notes that while laws and constitutional rights guarantee equality, in practice women face disadvantages. It outlines various government schemes and initiatives aimed at promoting gender equality and empowering women economically, politically, and socially. Key areas of focus include increasing women's participation in the workforce, education, politics, and addressing health and nutrition issues.
It include history of women, principles of women empowerment, stages, six S, need of women empowerment, changes in women empowerment, acts in women empowerment, programmes for women, different projects, constraints of women empowerment, measurement of women empowerment, conclusion.
Introduction to rural sociology (101) 1st lectureMarina Hanna
1. Sociology is defined as the scientific study of human social life, groups, and societies. It examines how people interact within these social contexts.
2. Rural sociology applies sociological concepts and methods to study rural societies and rural people. It examines relationships and social issues within rural communities.
3. Studying rural sociology is important because most of the world's population lives in rural areas, especially in developing countries. Understanding rural life and societies is crucial for rural development efforts like agriculture, education, and poverty reduction programs.
Rural social structure,Social change and continuityRoshan Pant
Rural sociology studies various aspects of rural life and society. It examines rural social structures, institutions, and patterns of life. Some key points of the document include:
- Rural sociology analyzes rural communities, social organizations, reconstruction efforts, and the relationship between rural and urban areas. It aims to understand rural problems and make rural populations more self-sufficient.
- The methods used in rural sociology include structural-functional analysis of social institutions, regional approaches studying large geographical units, comparative analysis of different villages, participatory fieldwork, and social surveys.
- There is no clear distinction between rural and urban areas. Over time, as villages develop industries and infrastructure, the differences between rural and urban
This document discusses definitions and objectives of rural development. It defines rural development as a process leading to sustainable improvement in the quality of life of rural people, especially the poor. The main objectives of rural development programs are improving living standards by utilizing natural and human resources, developing agriculture and industries, and building socio-economic infrastructure and community services. Key aspects of rural development include increasing production, providing social and physical infrastructure, and ensuring people's participation.
The document discusses the status of women in India from ancient times to the present. It begins by noting that women had equal status with men in ancient India and held prominent positions, but their status deteriorated during the medieval period with the rise of practices like sati and child marriage. While women excelled in some fields, gender inequality increased under British colonial rule and the introduction of practices like purdah. Reformers in the 19th century worked to improve conditions for women. The document then outlines continuing issues related to health, education, employment, and violence facing women in India today despite constitutional guarantees of equality and women's advancement in some areas.
Women empowerment through self help groupsmahindravada
Self Helf Groups are formed to empower women. With the help of these groups, women are able to support the family economically, able to live with dignity and able to take informed decisions.
The document presents results from a survey measuring women's empowerment in agriculture in Bangladesh using the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index. It finds that only about 42% of women in Bangladesh have achieved gender parity with men in their households. The domains that contribute most to women's disempowerment are leadership, production, and resources. Rates of empowerment vary significantly across regions and are generally lower for older, less educated, and poorer women.
Gender plays an important role in agricultural development. Statistics show closing the gender gap could increase GDP by 9-16%, reduce hunger by 12-17%, and increase agricultural yields by 20-30%. While women constitute 50% of the agricultural workforce and produce 50% of the world's food, they only receive 10% of income and own 1% of property. They face disparities in areas like income, wages, education, and health. Addressing issues like food security, rural finance, land policy, markets, labor, and infrastructure could help empower women and boost agricultural productivity and economic growth. However, achieving gender equality faces political, policy, practical, and technological challenges that need to be overcome.
Rural areas are separately settled places away from large cities characterized by lower population density and engagement in primary industries like agriculture. A rural community has a sense of unity and religion plays an important role in village life. Rural lifestyles differ from urban ones in having limited services, public transport, and utilities. Rural development aims to improve the economic and social conditions of rural poor through collective efforts and generation of employment in farm, storage, and other economic activities while also developing infrastructure, health, education, and living conditions. It faces various challenges including traditional mindsets, lack of education, inadequate infrastructure, and economic and leadership problems. Rural development is important for India to develop rural areas holistically and empower communities.
Women empowerment refers to increasing the social, political, and economic strength of women. It has five components: sense of self-worth, ability to make choices, access to opportunities, control over one's life, and ability to influence social change. Women in India face many issues like gender discrimination, lack of education, child marriage, domestic violence, and low participation in the workforce and decision making. Several government programs aim to empower women through self-help groups, education, skill development, microfinance, and encouraging political participation. Empowering women is necessary for overall development and realizing human rights.
Women empowerment through livestock productionDevegowda S R
1. Women play a significant role in livestock production in India, undertaking many activities related to rearing animals. However, they face constraints like lack of access to training and resources.
2. Empowering women economically through livestock production can help their families and communities. Studies show women's participation in dairy cooperatives increases their personal, social, and economic empowerment.
3. Promoting women's leadership in cooperatives and providing need-based training, funding, and technologies can help overcome constraints and further empower women in the livestock sector.
The document discusses women's welfare in India. It notes that a national committee was formed in 1971 to examine legal and administrative provisions impacting women's social status, education, and employment over the previous 20 years. The committee found that social changes affected different groups of women differently. Large numbers of women remained unaffected by constitutional rights and laws enacted since independence. The document outlines problems faced by women like illiteracy, poverty, domestic violence, and lack of health care. It discusses policies and programs established by the government to promote women's empowerment and development, such as reservations in local governments, the National Policy for Women's Empowerment, and health programs. More still needs to be done to ensure legal and social empowerment of
Thank you for being here and looking at this presentation.
By this presentation you will know about,
1) Need for women empowerment
2) Ways to empower women
3) Government empowerment schemes
4) Changes of an empowered women
5) Demographic Consequences
Literacy Rate
Sex Ratio
Infant Mortality
Child Marriage
Workforce Participation Rate
6) WOMEN EMPOWERMENT ACTS
7) WOMEN EMPOWERMENT SCHEMES
in India
Women empowerment in Bangladesh means ensuring women have equal rights to participate freely in all aspects of society and make their own choices. The constitution protects women's rights and requires the state to ensure women's participation in national life. Research found that while female literacy and political representation have increased in recent decades, women still face challenges in achieving full empowerment and equality, especially in rural areas. Education is key to empowering women by improving their socioeconomic status and making them aware of their rights. Further progress is needed to promote women into leadership roles and establish equality in households and the workplace.
Women empowerment’ is the process of enabling and developing ability or potential in women so that they can think and act freely, exercises their choice and control their lives and thereby reducing discrimination and exploitation towards them. It brings about upliftment of women in social, economic and political spheres where they are able to play an equal role at par with men in society. But women who constitute half of the population in India yet they have been subjected to the oppression of patriarchal order and suffered from fewer rights and lower social status than men for centuries.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India, including:
1) It provides historical context on the status of women in India from ancient to modern times and outlines the current status across various indicators.
2) It discusses components of women's empowerment like self-worth, access to opportunities/resources, and influencing social change.
3) It analyzes India's performance on global gender gap reports and outlines government schemes and policies aimed at promoting women's empowerment through economic, political, and social means.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India. It provides definitions of empowerment from the World Bank and others. It outlines the five components of women's empowerment and discusses women's status and empowerment across various areas in India such as education, employment, political participation, and access to resources. Challenges facing women in India are highlighted through various statistics. Government and non-government programs and policies aimed at promoting women's empowerment are also summarized.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India. It provides definitions of empowerment from the World Bank and others. It outlines the key components of women's empowerment as self-worth, choices, access to opportunities/resources, power over their own lives, and ability to influence social change. Statistics are given on the population and demographics of women in India as well as areas of gender disparity in literacy, media exposure, employment, participation in household decisions, and political representation. Government programs and policies aimed at women's empowerment are outlined. International efforts like the MDGs and organizations like UNIFEM are also mentioned.
This document discusses women empowerment in India. It begins with sample questions about influential Indian women. It then defines empowerment and women empowerment. It discusses issues facing women like domestic violence, dowry, female foeticide, and sexual harassment. It outlines the need for women empowerment and different types including social, educational, economic, and political empowerment. It describes India's national policy for women empowerment and some related government programs. It concludes with the "Six S's" approach to women empowerment.
Women are the strength of a society. More the women are empowered more the nation develops. We should keep women front to lead the nation along with men. None should be discriminated. This slide consists of various schemes that empowers women.
This document discusses women's empowerment in India. It begins with defining women's empowerment and noting that it is dependent on various factors like location, education, caste, and age. It then outlines issues affecting women like domestic violence, dowry, female feticide, and their historical status in Indian society. The document discusses the national policy for women's empowerment in India and strategies to empower women through education, employment, microcredit, politics, and development goals. It concludes by emphasizing the need to change social attitudes towards women and highlighting their crucial role in society.
This document discusses women's empowerment in India. It begins with defining women's empowerment and noting that it is dependent on various factors like location, education, caste, and age. It then outlines issues affecting women like domestic violence, dowry, female feticide, and their historical status in Indian society. The document discusses the national policy for women's empowerment in India and strategies to empower women through education, employment, microcredit, politics, and development goals. It concludes by emphasizing the need to change social attitudes towards women and highlighting their crucial role in society.
This document discusses the history and current state of women's education in India. It notes that while women had access to education in ancient times, their rights and status declined after 500 BC. During colonial and medieval periods, various religious customs and the introduction of purdah further deteriorated women's education. However, since independence the Indian constitution has established women's equal rights and the government has implemented policies and programs to promote girls' education and female literacy through initiatives like the National Education Policy and National Literacy Mission. Despite progress, factors like gender inequality, child labor, and exploitation still contribute to poor literacy rates in some areas. The document emphasizes the importance of educating women for their empowerment and overall family and social development.
This document discusses women's empowerment in India and how it affects the country's development. It provides statistics showing that women make up a large percentage of workers in the unorganized sector and agriculture. Women spend significantly more time on household work than men. While education and economic independence can empower women, culture and tradition still play a large role in limiting women's decision making power and freedom of movement. Several government schemes aim to promote women's empowerment through health, education, skills training, microcredit, and political participation. Empowering women has benefits that can transform families and communities.
The document discusses women's empowerment and defines it as strengthening women's capacity individually and collectively to identify and overcome gender discrimination. It notes that empowerment refers to increasing women's spiritual, political, social, and economic strength. The document outlines issues facing women like domestic violence, dowry, female infanticide, rape, and trafficking. It discusses a holistic approach to empowerment through areas like health, education, skills, technology, credit, and political participation. The advantages of empowerment are also provided, along with indicators used to measure empowerment. The document further discusses legal frameworks, government programs and schemes, and positive stories of empowered women.
This Presentation is all about Gender Equality and Women Empowerment. All the Government steps and all the major problems faced by women are in this presentation.
Women's empowerment is important for improving health, nutrition, education, and allowing women to participate in decision making. Objectives of promoting women include providing education, vocational training, raising environmental awareness, and improving employment opportunities to restore dignity, status, and equality. Essential factors for empowerment are self-confidence, exposure, and independence. Empowering women means making them independent in mind, thoughts, and rights through encouraging self-reliance, positive self-esteem, and confidence to face challenges while actively participating in socio-political development. Women's empowerment is necessary to make progress for families, society, and countries, and can also reduce poverty.
This document summarizes several projects of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) including: National Demonstrations, Operational Research Projects, Krishi Vigyan Kendras, Lab to Land Program, Extension Education Institutes, Trainers Training Centre, Tribal Area Research Project, Land to Lab Program, and Scheduled Caste & Other Backward Caste project. It provides details on the objectives, activities, and achievements of these various programs which aim to conduct agricultural research and transfer technologies to farmers through demonstrations, training programs, and institution-village linkage programs.
Technological gap in plantation crop production technologiesDevegowda S R
1. The document discusses technological gaps in plantation crop production in India. It defines technological gap as the difference between recommended practices and what farmers actually practice.
2. It outlines factors that contribute to yield gaps in crops like inadequate use of high-yielding varieties, improper spacing, and low adoption of plant protection measures.
3. The document proposes methods to calculate technological gap indices for different recommended practices and identifies ways to reduce gaps, such as demonstrations, training programs, promoting mechanization and crop insurance.
Sustainable livelihood security and extension implications in India Devegowda S R
This document discusses sustainable livelihood security and extension implications in India. It begins with introducing the concepts of livelihood and sustainable livelihood security. It then discusses factors that affect livelihoods like shocks, capital assets, and the vulnerability context. The sustainable livelihood framework is presented along with the role of structures, processes, and livelihood strategies. Extension interventions need to address poverty reduction, natural resource management, market-oriented services, and target vulnerable groups. Case studies from Assam demonstrate community development programs and their impact.
Studies on livestock and fodder development programmes in indiaDevegowda S R
This document provides an overview of various livestock and fodder development programmes in India, including:
1) Integrated Dairy Development Programme launched in 1993-94 to benefit farmers.
2) National Livestock Mission launched in 2014-15 with the goal of improving livestock production and reducing demand-supply gaps. It includes the Sub-Mission on Fodder and Feed Development.
3) Accelerated Fodder Development Programme implemented since 1987 to promote fodder production through quality seeds, technologies, and minimizing wastage.
The document discusses social groups and their classification. It defines social groups as consisting of two or more people interacting under a recognizable structure. Social groups are classified based on the nature of relationships between members into primary and secondary groups. Primary groups consist of close-knit relationships while secondary groups involve impersonal relationships. Other classifications of social groups discussed include voluntary vs involuntary, formal vs informal, in-groups vs out-groups. Characteristics of different types of social groups are also compared.
Role of self-help groups in rural developmentDevegowda S R
Self help groups (SHGs) play an important role in rural development by promoting savings, providing credit to members, and empowering women. SHGs are small voluntary groups that are formed to save money and provide loans to members. They help generate additional income, impart skills, and create financial inclusion in rural areas. Research studies have found that SHG membership increases members' monthly incomes, financial literacy, and decision making power. SHGs help alleviate poverty and empower rural communities through collective action.
Impact of special economic zones on agriculture Devegowda S R
The document discusses the impact of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) on agriculture in India. It provides definitions and background on SEZs, noting they were established to promote exports and investment. While SEZs provide tax incentives, they require large areas of land that often displace farmers and agricultural production. This leads to reduced cultivable land area, food insecurity issues, small farmers becoming landless, and loss of livelihoods. Case studies show how SEZs dismantle agrarian structures and cause social and economic hardships, highlighting the need to balance agricultural and industrial development.
Genetically modified food crops and their contribution to human nutrition and...Devegowda S R
This document discusses genetically modified crops and their potential benefits and risks. It begins by explaining what DNA is and how genetic engineering works to modify genes. Potential benefits of GM crops include improved nutrition, higher yields, pest and drought resistance. Examples given are golden rice with added vitamin A and Bt corn resistant to insects. However, there are also potential environmental risks like increased pesticide resistance in insects and loss of biodiversity. Gene transfer could also allow "superweeds" to develop. There are questions around possible human health impacts and economic issues of corporate control of seeds. The document concludes that whether GM foods are good or bad depends on weighing the case-by-case benefits against the costs and risks.
Second green revolution for sustainable agriculture development Devegowda S R
The document discusses the need for a second green revolution in India to promote sustainable agriculture. It notes that while the first green revolution greatly increased food production, it had several shortcomings like benefiting large farmers more than small farmers. Current issues affecting Indian agriculture include overdependence on monsoons, declining investment, and growing rural poverty. The document argues that the second green revolution should focus on expanding irrigation, increasing coverage of crops beyond rice and wheat, ensuring adequate inputs and credit, improving rural infrastructure and human resources, and boosting agricultural marketing. This will help address issues of sustainability and make agriculture less vulnerable to climate impacts.
Role of Satellite intervention on agriculture developmentDevegowda S R
The document discusses the role of satellite intervention in agricultural development in India. It describes how communication satellites and remote sensing satellites are used to improve agriculture. Communication satellites help provide rural teleconnectivity, TV/radio-based agricultural extension services, internet access for e-agriculture services, and meteorological data. Remote sensing satellites are used for applications like soil and land use mapping, crop forecasting, drought assessment, and natural resource management. The expert center model delivers satellite-enabled extension services to farmers.
Social stratification involves ranking individuals and groups within a society into categories of relative prestige and status. There are two main types: open stratification which allows for social mobility, and closed stratification which restricts mobility based on ascribed characteristics.
In rural India, social stratification occurs along lines of land ownership and is classified into large farmers, medium farmers, small farmers, marginal farmers, and agricultural laborers. Caste also plays a role, with higher castes typically owning more land. While the system was once closed, modern trends like education, industrialization, and laws have introduced some changes and opened up social mobility.
The document discusses rural-urban disparity in India. It provides data on population growth and distribution between rural and urban areas from 1901-2001. There are large disparities in income, employment opportunities, education levels, access to amenities and healthcare between rural and urban populations. Various government programs have aimed to bridge these divides, such as the PURA scheme, but significant gaps remain across many development indicators.
This document discusses rural-urban disparity in India. It begins by defining key terms like rural, urban and rural-urban disparity. It then provides data on population growth and trends in urbanization from 1901-2001 that show India's population becoming increasingly urban. Income disparity data from 1970-1999 also demonstrates a growing gap between rural and urban per capita incomes. The document reviews government programs aimed at reducing disparity and concludes by outlining policy options like creating training infrastructure at the block level and improving marketing, insurance and credit access.
Risk perception in Agriculture Biotechnology Devegowda S R
This document discusses risk perception in agriculture biotechnology. It begins by defining key terms like biotechnology, transgenic organisms, and risk. It then reviews factors that influence risk perception, like the emotive attributes of risks and farmer risk perceptions. The document outlines the objectives, elements, and challenges of risk assessment, management, and communication. It also discusses public perception issues and the need for improved technology perception through information and education. Overall, the document provides an overview of concepts related to risk perception and public attitudes toward agricultural biotechnology.
Prospectus and challenges of contract farming in IndiaDevegowda S R
1) Contract farming can help smaller farmers participate in commercial agriculture by providing inputs, financing, technology and guaranteed markets. It allows farmers access to modern inputs while giving companies a stable supply chain.
2) Studies have shown contract farming can increase yields and profits for farmers compared to non-contract farming. However, it also carries risks of overreliance and manipulation that must be addressed.
3) For contract farming to succeed, frameworks are needed to ensure fair pricing, dispute resolution and benefits for both farmers and companies. The government has a role in facilitating contract registration, research, and developing insurance products.
Problems and prospects of farm mechanization in India with special reference ...Devegowda S R
This document discusses farm mechanization in India, with a focus on Assam. It begins with introducing the concepts and objectives of farm mechanization. It then provides background on agriculture and farm power availability in India and Assam. It notes that farm mechanization levels in Assam are below national averages. The document outlines various government initiatives and schemes to promote farm mechanization. It also discusses problems related to farm mechanization for farmers and implementing agencies. Finally, it presents strategies for increasing farm mechanization through various approaches like improving farm power availability, establishing farm machinery banks, and developing customized equipment.
Privatization of extension its role and impact in transfer of technologyDevegowda S R
This document outlines the need for privatization of agricultural extension services in India. It discusses problems with the public extension system, including a high extension worker to farmer ratio and lack of technical expertise. Privatization involves reducing the government's role and increasing private sector involvement through organizations like NGOs and agribusinesses. The document reviews privatization models in other countries and initiatives in India. It summarizes two studies that examined farmer and extension worker attitudes toward privatization in India. Overall, the document argues that privatization can help address gaps in the public extension system to better meet the diverse needs of Indian farmers.
The document discusses demand analysis and the key concepts related to demand including:
- Demand is the quantity of a good consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price in a given time period.
- Demand depends on factors like price, income, tastes, number of consumers, and expectations about future prices and income.
- The demand curve shows the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded - as price increases, quantity demanded decreases.
- Supply is the quantity of a good producers are willing and able to sell at a given price based on factors like production costs, technology, and number of firms. The law of supply states that quantity supplied increases as price increases.
Policy issues of agricultural technology management agency (atma) in indiaDevegowda S R
The document discusses the Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) in India. It describes ATMA as a society of stakeholders involved in sustainable agricultural development at the district level. The objectives of ATMA include identifying local farming needs, setting priorities, planning production activities, and coordinating efforts between organizations. ATMA has a governing board that oversees strategic plans and annual reports. It also has management committees at district and block levels that prepare plans and coordinate extension programs. The document also presents some research studies on farmer participation and knowledge in ATMA and success stories on topics like integrated pest management of paddy and vermiculture.
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...sameer shah
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Enhancing Asset Quality: Strategies for Financial Institutionsshruti1menon2
Ensuring robust asset quality is not just a mere aspect but a critical cornerstone for the stability and success of financial institutions worldwide. It serves as the bedrock upon which profitability is built and investor confidence is sustained. Therefore, in this presentation, we delve into a comprehensive exploration of strategies that can aid financial institutions in achieving and maintaining superior asset quality.
University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcripttscdzuip
办理美国UNCC毕业证书制作北卡大学夏洛特分校假文凭定制Q微168899991做UNCC留信网教留服认证海牙认证改UNCC成绩单GPA做UNCC假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请北卡罗莱纳大学夏洛特分校University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio ProblemMajid Iqbal
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
3. 3
“If you want to plan for a year plant
wheat,
if you wish to plan for ten years grow
trees but,
if you want to plan for 100 years
empower women”.
INTRODUCTION
4. 4
OBJECTIVES
To understand the concept of Empowerment
To understand the areas of Empowerment
To review some of the programmes related to women
Empowerment
Research evidence related to empowerment of women
5. 5
DEFINITION OF EMPOWERMENT
Oxford dictionary:
Empower is “Give power to; Make able to”
“Give strength and confidence to”
Acc. to Jaya Indiresan(1999),
Empowerment is a process which helps people gain
control of their lives through raising awareness, taking
action and working in order to exercise greater control.
6. 6
DEFINITION OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
The improvement of status of women in the family,
in the community and in the society as a whole.
Acc. to UN:
“Investigating in women’s capabilities and
empowering them to exercise their choices is not only
valuable in itself but is also the surest way to contribute
the economic growth and overall development.”
7. 7
STATUS OF WOMEN
“Is a barometer of the
democratism of any state,
an indicator of how human
rights are respected in it’’
Mikhail Gorbachev
8. 8
• Total female population is 48.28%
• Lower sex ratio i.e. 933
• Perform nearly 2/3rd of its work hours, receive 1/10th of the world’s
income
• The value of women’s unpaid house work and community work is
estimated as 35 per cent of GDP world wide.
• Own’s less than 1/100th of the world property
• 70% of people living in poverty are women
• Out of world’s 27 million refugees 75-80% are women and children
9. 9
WOMEN LITERACY IN PRE-
INDEPENDENT INDIA
Year % of
literacy
1881 0.2
1901 0.69
1911 1.05
1921 1.81
1931 2.93
1941 6.0
10. 10
WOMEN LITERACY IN POST-
INDEPENDENT INDIA
Year % of literacy
1951 7.93
1961 12.95
1971 18.72
1981 24.82
1991 39.29
2001 54.16
Source: Census of India 2001
11. 11
RURAL AND URBAN WOMEN
LITERACY
Rural women
literacy
Urban women
literacy
Year Literacy
rate(%)
Year Literacy
rate(%)
1961 9.10 1961 37.4
1971 13.08 1971 42.05
1981 17.96 1981 47.82
1991 24.6 1991 53.7
2001 31.6 2001 54.01
12. 12
WOMEN-MEN DISPARITY INDEX
Women-men = % literate in women X100
disparity index % literate in men
Year Men Women Women-men
Disparity Index
1951 27.16 8.86 32.62
1961 34.4 13.0 37.95
1971 39.5 18.7 48.19
1981 46.9 24.8 52.83
1991 52.8 32.1 61.27
2001 72.85 54.16 71.3
13. 13
GENERAL STATISTICS ABOUT
WOMEN IN KARNATAKA
No. of seats reserved for women:
a) Grama Panchayats - 35922
b) Taluk Panchayats -1375
c) Zilla Panchayats - 339
Total Number of members elected in Karnataka :
Legislative Assembly - 223
Legislative Council - 72
Number of women members elected in Karnataka:
Legislative Assembly - 6
Legislative Council - 8
14. 14
Total Number of members elected in Parliament:
Lok Sabha - 28
Rajya Sabha - 12
Number of women members elected from Karnataka:
Lok Sabha - 1
Rajya Sabha - 1
15. 15
WOMEN IN DECISION MAKING POSITION IN PRIs
State % Women IN GP
Chair person
% Women IN TP
Chair person
% Women IN ZP
Chair person
AP - 33.76 30
HP 36.62 31.94 33
Karnataka 33.3 33.71 35
MP 38.66 26.80 38
UP 33.81 41.29 30
West Bengal 4.62 3 0
India 40.10 33.75 32
16. INDICATORS Of WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
Qualitative indicators
• Self-confidence
• Awareness about policies and programmes
• Physical mobility
• Member of organization
• Attitude towards participation in politics
• Access to resources
• Access to information
17. Quantitative indicators
• Improvement in literacy
• Increase in age at marriage
• Becoming benificiaries of development programmes
• Becoming member of political party
• Visible changes in nutritional status
18. 18
Educational
Empowerment
Empowering women with the knowledge, skills and
confidence necessary to participate fully in the development
process.
When you educate a man, You educate an individual but when you educate a
women, You educate a whole family.
Melver (1994)
19. 19
IMPORTANCE OF WOMEN
EDUCATION
• Creates self confidence and awareness
• Helps in modernization
• Reduce inequality in society
• Improves social status
• Helps to lead desired quality of life
• Helps to develop knowledge, skills, values and attitudes.
• Helps in understanding their social responsibilities and
participate in mainstream of national life.
20. 20
Educational empowerment is ensured
through
• Mahila Samakya
• Sarva shiksha abhiyan
• Pratibha Vikas Vidyalayas
• Mid day meal Scheme
• Kasturba Gandhi Swatantrata Vidyalaya
22. 22
Social empowerment has been
theoretically provided by,
• The family courts Act, 1954
• Widow remarriage Act, 1956
• The Hindu Succession Act,1956
• The maternity benefits Act, 1961
• Dowry prohibition Act, 1961
23. 23
Cont…
• The equal remuneration act, 1976
• The child marriage restraint act, 1979
• The indecent representation of women (prohibition) Act,
1986
• The commission of Sati (prevention) Act 1988
• The domestic violence Act,2005
27. 27
DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES FOR
FARM WOMEN: SAMANTA(1995)
1. Improving farm women’s productivity/work
efficiency
2. Increasing their income generating capabilities
3. Increasing their employment opportunities
4. Reducing the drudgery and health hazards in
working for farm women.
28. 28
Technological Empowerment is ensured
through
• Capacity Building
• Exposure to mass media
• Appropriate training programme
• Appropriate technology for women
30. 30
Political empowerment is ensured
through ……
• Quota system to women in the legislative bodies
• 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment
• 81stconstitutional amendment
• 50 percent reservation for women in local bodies
31. 31
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
• Article 14; - All Indian women equality before law
• Article 15(1); - No discrimination by the state
• Article 15(3); - Special provision for women
• Article 16; Equality of opportunity
• Article 39(a); policy to be diverted to securing for men and
women equally.
• Article 39(d); Equal pay for equal work
• Article 243D(3), 243D(4), 243T(3), 243T(4)
32. 32
FIVE YEAR PLANS IMPLEMENTED BY
GOVERNMENT:
5th Five Year Plan(1974-79):
• Women’s productivity role
• Contribution & efforts in economy was recognized
6th Five Year Plan(1980-85):
• Emphasis on health, education & employment
7th Five Year Plan(1985-1990):
• Equality & empowerment
• Awareness about rights & privileges for National development
33. 33
Cont….
8th Five Year Plan(1992-1997):
• Participation in local Govt. & decision making
• Eliminate discrimination
• Emphasized women to function as equal partners in development
process
9th Five Year Plan(1997-2002):
• Empowerment of Women
• Preparation of component plan in every sector of development
10th Five Year Plan(2002-07):
• Funds for women
• Mandatory registration of assets in joint names of husband & wife
34. 34
PROGRAMMES MEANT FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN
1. Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)
2. Women and Youth Training Extension Project (WYTEP)
3. Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA)
4. Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
5. Tamil Nadu Women in Agriculture (TANWA)
6. Stree Shakti
7. Stree Seva Samiti (SSS)
35. 35
IRDP: 1978-79
• Eradication of poverty from rural areas
• Removal of unemployment
• Eradication of inequality
• Utilization of local resources
• Integration & establishing of linkages b/w departments
• Creation of durable community assets
• Improving of living condition
36. 36
WYTEP: 1982
• To promote growth rate in Agriculture & to
strengthen farm women’s position
• To secure full utilization of women’s potential in
Agriculture
37. 37
DWCRA: 1982
• To improve the quality of life of women and children
• To involve them in hygienic environment, clean drinking
water
• To provide opportunity for income generating activities
• Self-sustenance
39. 39
SGSY: 1999
• To bring the assisted poor families above poverty
line
• Focus on 40% women, 50% SC ST & 3% disabled.
STREE SHAKTI: 2000-01
• Strengthening the process to achieve financial
progress & social status of women
• Forming 1 lakh SHG’s to build self confidence
• Increasing the income of poor women
• Channelizing various departments in one direction
40. 40
Stree Seva Samiti (SSS)
• Provide employment to rural women
• Empower the rural women
• Provide skills training for alternate employment
• Encourage the target population
41. 41
Non Government Organizations (NGOs)
in rural women development
• Bihar Rural Livelihood promotion project (BRLP)
• National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs (NAYE)
• World Assembly of Small And Medium Entrepreneurs (WASME)
• Xavier Institute Of Social Studies (XISS)
• Self Employment Womens’ Association (SEWA) of Ahmedabad
• Association of Women Entrepreneurs of Karnataka (AWAKE)
• Rural Development and Self Employment Training Institute
(RUDSETIs)
42. 42
Financial institutions supporting rural
women
• Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK)
• National Agriculture Bank for Rural Development
(NABARD)
• Small Industries Development of India (SIDBI)
• Council for Advancement of Peoples Action and Rural
Technology (CAPART)
• Development banks for women entrepreneurs in small
scale and tiny sector
44. 44
Case 1:
Opinion of Women leaders towards Political
participation and development programmes
(Govinda gowda and Lakshmi Narayan, 2000)
Objective:
To elicit the opinion of women leaders of Panchayat Raj Institutions
towards political participation of women and developmental
programmes.
Area selected:
Bangalore Rural District- Doddaballapura
Kanakapura
Nelamangala
45. 45
OPINION OF WOMEN LEADERS ON
POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN
Statements
Women leaders
agree disagree
No. % No. %
Political participation helps women to come
out of age old barriers.
250 100 - -
Women in politics can know more about the
world around them.
250 100 - -
Women in politics can know better the
problems of other women in society
250 100 - -
Politically active women can strive better for
overcoming women problems
250 100 - -
Reservation for women in politics is a must
for their equality status
250 100 - -
46. 46
OPINION OF WOMEN LEADERS ON
DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMES
Statements
Women leaders
agree disagree
No. % No. %
Adoption of family planning is not a sin 250 100 - -
Development assistance makes people self-reliant 250 100 - -
Special programmes for women and children
promote equality
250 100 - -
Development programmes based on local needs
yield better results
250 100 - -
Women with good exposure to development
programmes contribute better for social progress
250 100 - -
47. 47
Empowerment of rural women in self help
groups in Prakasam district of Andhra
Pradesh – An analysis
0.Sarada (2001)
Case 2
48. 48
Distribution of women in self-help groups
based on their level of empowerment
Class Category Percentage
I. Process
empowerment
Low
Medium
High
30.00
31.70
38.30
II. Product
empowerment
Low
Medium
High
35.00
29.20
35.80
III. Overall
empowerment
Low
Medium
High
33.30
29.20
37.50
49. 49
Distribution of self help groups
according to the motives to form into groups
Sl.N
o
Reason Frequency %
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
For future savings
For getting loan at cheaper interests
To become economically independent
To overcome financial problems
To solve the problems collectively
For improving skills
To avoid the conflicts among neighbours
23
17
13
12
7
6
2
95.8
70.8
54.2
50.00
29.2
25
8.3
n=24
52. 52
Participation of beneficiaries in group
activities and various programmes conducted for
benefit of stree shakti group members
Extent of
participation
Category No. %
Low <63.38 40 33.33
Medium 63.38-72.86 45 37.50
High >72.86 35 29.17
53. 53
Benefits derived by the beneficiaries
of stree shakti group
Category No. %
Improvement in financial
condition
118 98.33
Betterment in social status 118 98.33
54. 54
Subsidiary occupation of beneficiaries
of stree shakti groups
Activities Frequency %
Cattle rearing
Goat rearing
Piggery
Agarbathi making
Papad making
Leaf plate making
62
38
7
5
4
4
51.67
31.67
5.83
4.17
3.33
3.33
55. 55
Improvement in financial position of
stree shakti group till march 2005
Activity
undertaken
Avg
loan
availed
Avg net
income
generated
Cattle rearing
Goat rearing
Piggery
Agarbathi
making
Papad making
8160
2100
8500
1800
1600
1250
12698
4200
18000
2000
2300
1650
56. 56
Extent of saving generated by members
till march 2005
Saving amount No. %
Rs. 500-1000
Rs.1000-1500
Rs.1500-2000
Total.
50
60
10
120
41.67
50.00
8.33
100.00
57. 57
Nature of betterment in social status
of stree shakti group members
Category No. %
1.Developed courage to communicate
with men
2.Learnt to perform bank transactions
3.Involved in decision making at home
4.Self-confidence to travel outside the
village
5.Learn to sign
6.Got house repaired
7.Motivated self to continue education
115
89
82
65
15
45
30
95.63
74.16
68.33
54.16
12.50
37.50
25.00
58. 58
Study on extent of farm women
empowerment in Chitradurga District of
Karnataka
Pushpa . P (2009)
Case 4
59. 59
The extent of farm women empowerment in
different taluks of Karnataka state
Taluks Mean
Chitradurga 58.30
challakere 48.52
Hosadurga 47.16
Overall 51.33
60. 60
Case 5
Impact of Stree Shakthi Programme (SSP)
In Chitradurga district of Karnataka- A Study
Dhananjaya, N.P.
(2009)
61. 61
Sl.No Activity Number Percent Average
income (Rs)
1 Dairy 110 91.67 10,000
2 Agriculture 100 83.34 11,285
3 NREGA
works
60 50.00 7,000
4 Agril. Wages 40 33.34 5,000
Impact of income generation and utilization
pattern of SSP on SSG beneficiaries
62. 62
New things learnt after becoming member
of SSG
Sl.
No
Channels Number Percent
1 Accounting 110 91.67
2 Book keeping 105 87.50
3 Leadership development 100 83.34
4 Decision making ability 85 70.84
63. 63
Conclusion
Empowering women is a prerequisite
for creating a good nation , when women
are empowered, society with stability is
assured and it lead the development of a
good Family, good society and ultimately a
good nation
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam