This document discusses gender issues in agriculture. It notes that women have extensive workloads from both farm and household duties. Their workload is increasing due to environmental degradation and changing farming practices. While women contribute significantly to household income through various farm and non-farm activities, their work is often underestimated. The document outlines some of the constraints women farmers face, such as less access to and control over land, assets, income, credit, and education compared to male farmers. It suggests some solutions like increasing women's literacy, providing more access to credit, and promoting gender equality.

1. BY SHIVAM KHURANA

2.  WHY PAY ATTENTION TO GENDER IN
AGRICULTURE?
 WHAT CONSTRAINTS DO WOMEN
WORKING IN AGRICULTURE FACE?
 HOW CAN PROBLEMBS FACING BY
WOMENS CAN BE SOLVED?
 HOW DO WE MAKE AGRICULTURE MORE
GENDER EQUITABLE?

3. • Women have extensive work loads with dual
responsibility for farm and household production
• Women's work is getting harder and more time-
consuming due to ecological degradation and
changing agricultural technologies and practices
• Women have an active role and extensive
involvement in livestock production, forest
resource use and fishery processing

4.  Women contribute considerably to household
income through farm and non-farm activities
as well as through work as landless
agricultural labourers.
• Women's work as family labour is
underestimated
• There are high degrees of inter-state and
intra-state variations in gender roles in
agriculture, environment and rural production

5.  Time-use surveys across a wide range of
countries estimate that women provide 85–90
percent of the time spent on household food
preparation and that they are also usually
responsible for childcare and other household
chores because of poor infrastructure and
limited provision of public services.

6.  Women comprise 43 percentof the
agricultural labour force, onaverage, in
developing countries; this figure ranges
from around 20 percent in Latin America to
50 percent in parts of Africa and Asia, but it
exceeds 60 percent in only a few countries

8.  Agriculture :
 Sowing,
 transplanting,
 weeding,
 irrigation,
 fertilizer application,
 plant protection,
 harvesting,
 winnowing,
 storing etc.

10.  Women control less land than men.
 Women own fewer of the working animals
needed in farming.
 They also frequently do not control the income
from the typically small animals they manage.

11.  Women farmers are less likely than men to use
modern inputs such as improved seeds,
fertilizers, pest control measures and
mechanical tools.
 They also use less credit and often do not
control the credit they obtain.
 Women are generally less educated than men

12.  Increase in literacy level of women
 Special initiatives to women for credit facilities
 Promotion to gender equality
 Special classes by gov. or private ngo for
women for use of fertilizers manure and
pesticides etc

13.  Equal portion of total income should be shared
between men and women
 Equal prices should be given to women also in
market place

14. By Shivam Khurana