WNV
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
4 likes•597 views
This document provides an overview of West Nile virus (WNV), including its history, transmission, symptoms, and prevention. It notes that WNV is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes that was first identified in Uganda in 1937 and appeared in New York City in 1999. The document outlines the virus's pathology and seasonal activity, noting it replicates in mosquitoes and birds but can cause mild to severe illness in humans. It recommends preventative measures like avoiding mosquito bites during dawn and dusk to reduce risk of infection.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
West Nile Virus
West Nile virus is transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes, mainly Culex species. It can cause mild fever and fatigue to severe encephalitis or meningitis. There is no vaccine available for humans. Most treatment aims to maintain organ function for severely infected individuals. The virus spreads between mosquitoes and birds, with some bird species like American robins facilitating transmission to humans. Prevention focuses on reducing mosquito habitats and using insect repellent.
西尼罗河病毒简介(A brief introduction_to_west_nile_virus)
West Nile Virus is a mosquito-borne virus that mainly infects birds but can infect humans and other mammals. It is transmitted through mosquito bites and can cause West Nile Fever or the more severe West Nile Meningitis/Encephalitis in humans. While there is no vaccine or treatment, control efforts focus on reducing mosquito populations to limit transmission.
West nile
West Nile virus is spread by mosquitoes that become infected after biting infected birds. Most infections cause no symptoms or mild symptoms, but some can lead to West Nile fever or severe disease affecting the brain or spinal cord. To prevent infection, insect repellent should be applied outdoors, especially at dusk and dawn when mosquitoes that may carry West Nile virus are most active. Integrated mosquito control programs that include surveillance of West Nile virus in animals and humans can help prevent outbreaks.
West Nile Virus
West Nile virus is spread through mosquito bites and can cause mild to severe illness. Most people infected have no symptoms, but some experience fever, headache, body aches, and swollen lymph nodes. In rare cases it can cause encephalitis or meningitis. There is no treatment other than supportive care. Risk factors include age over 50, time spent outdoors, and blood transfusions. Prevention involves mosquito control and personal protection measures like repellent and protective clothing.
West Nile For PECs
The West Nile virus originated in Uganda in 1937 and has since spread throughout Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, reaching the United States in 1999. It is transmitted primarily between birds via mosquitoes, and can infect humans, causing mild to severe illness. Older adults over 50 are most at risk. While there is no vaccine, individuals can reduce risk of infection by using insect repellent, eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed, and minimizing outdoor activity during dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active.
West nile virus
The death of a child in Kerala’s Malappuram district has drawn attention to the epidemiology of the little-known West Nile Virus in India. Though awareness is low, the virus is endemic to several States. However, official records do not reflect this, given the difficulty of diagnosing WNV in its acute phase. The alert is a welcome move; State health authorities will look harder for the disease.
Kitana west nile virus power point done fi nal
West Nile virus is most commonly transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. While most infected people experience no symptoms, some may develop fever and flu-like symptoms. Less than 1% of infected individuals develop a serious neurological illness. There are no medications to treat or vaccines to prevent West Nile virus infection.
Risk Analysis on West Nile Virus in Bangladesh
The document analyzes the risk of West Nile virus infection in Bangladesh. It finds the risk to be negligible based on three factors: 1) Bangladesh lacks competent migratory bird hosts and mosquito vectors for the virus, 2) The country has good quarantine systems and a low horse population, and 3) Humans and horses are dead-end hosts with low virus levels, so would not spread it locally. The document recommends surveillance of humans, horses and birds, but does not deem serious control efforts necessary given the negligible risk.
Recommended
West Nile Virus
West Nile virus is transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes, mainly Culex species. It can cause mild fever and fatigue to severe encephalitis or meningitis. There is no vaccine available for humans. Most treatment aims to maintain organ function for severely infected individuals. The virus spreads between mosquitoes and birds, with some bird species like American robins facilitating transmission to humans. Prevention focuses on reducing mosquito habitats and using insect repellent.
西尼罗河病毒简介(A brief introduction_to_west_nile_virus)
West Nile Virus is a mosquito-borne virus that mainly infects birds but can infect humans and other mammals. It is transmitted through mosquito bites and can cause West Nile Fever or the more severe West Nile Meningitis/Encephalitis in humans. While there is no vaccine or treatment, control efforts focus on reducing mosquito populations to limit transmission.
West nile
West Nile virus is spread by mosquitoes that become infected after biting infected birds. Most infections cause no symptoms or mild symptoms, but some can lead to West Nile fever or severe disease affecting the brain or spinal cord. To prevent infection, insect repellent should be applied outdoors, especially at dusk and dawn when mosquitoes that may carry West Nile virus are most active. Integrated mosquito control programs that include surveillance of West Nile virus in animals and humans can help prevent outbreaks.
West Nile Virus
West Nile virus is spread through mosquito bites and can cause mild to severe illness. Most people infected have no symptoms, but some experience fever, headache, body aches, and swollen lymph nodes. In rare cases it can cause encephalitis or meningitis. There is no treatment other than supportive care. Risk factors include age over 50, time spent outdoors, and blood transfusions. Prevention involves mosquito control and personal protection measures like repellent and protective clothing.
West Nile For PECs
The West Nile virus originated in Uganda in 1937 and has since spread throughout Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, reaching the United States in 1999. It is transmitted primarily between birds via mosquitoes, and can infect humans, causing mild to severe illness. Older adults over 50 are most at risk. While there is no vaccine, individuals can reduce risk of infection by using insect repellent, eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed, and minimizing outdoor activity during dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active.
West nile virus
The death of a child in Kerala’s Malappuram district has drawn attention to the epidemiology of the little-known West Nile Virus in India. Though awareness is low, the virus is endemic to several States. However, official records do not reflect this, given the difficulty of diagnosing WNV in its acute phase. The alert is a welcome move; State health authorities will look harder for the disease.
Kitana west nile virus power point done fi nal
West Nile virus is most commonly transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. While most infected people experience no symptoms, some may develop fever and flu-like symptoms. Less than 1% of infected individuals develop a serious neurological illness. There are no medications to treat or vaccines to prevent West Nile virus infection.
Risk Analysis on West Nile Virus in Bangladesh
The document analyzes the risk of West Nile virus infection in Bangladesh. It finds the risk to be negligible based on three factors: 1) Bangladesh lacks competent migratory bird hosts and mosquito vectors for the virus, 2) The country has good quarantine systems and a low horse population, and 3) Humans and horses are dead-end hosts with low virus levels, so would not spread it locally. The document recommends surveillance of humans, horses and birds, but does not deem serious control efforts necessary given the negligible risk.
West nile fever
West Nile fever is an infection by the West Nile virus, which is typically spread by mosquitoes. It causes disease in humans, horses, and several species of birds
West nile virus 2
The document summarizes information about West Nile virus, including that it is transmitted via mosquito bites, most commonly occurs in warm weather, and can cause mild to serious infections in humans. It originated in Africa in 1937 and was first detected in the US in 1999. While most infected individuals show no symptoms, about 20% may get West Nile fever and less than 1% could develop serious infections. Prevention methods include eliminating standing water and applying insect repellent. There is no vaccine currently available.
West Nile Virus
An introduction of West Nile Virus, including west nile virus symptoms,transmission,prevention,and treatment.
Zika virus disease
Zika virus is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. It typically causes mild fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis lasting up to a week. While most infections are asymptomatic, Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other birth defects. The virus was first identified in 1947 and outbreaks have occurred in Africa, Asia, Pacific Islands and the Americas. There is no vaccine or specific treatment, so prevention focuses on controlling the mosquito vector and protecting against bites.
Arbovirus and its casution
This document discusses arboviruses, which are viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sand flies. It notes that arboviruses require both a vertebrate host and arthropod vector to be maintained in nature. The document groups major human pathogenic arboviruses into three families and describes their morphology. It then discusses the transmission cycle involving vectors and hosts, as well as less common transmission routes. The document outlines the pathogenesis of arbovirus infection and resulting clinical features like fever, rashes, and hemorrhagic, encephalitic, or arthralgia syndromes. It provides dengue virus and yellow fever as examples and discusses laboratory diagnosis and prophylaxis
Human immunal response against zika
Zika virus was first isolated in 1947 in Uganda and has since spread across the Pacific and Americas. It is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and causes fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. While symptoms are usually mild and short-lived, Zika can also cause microcephaly in fetuses when mothers are infected during pregnancy. The virus is diagnosed through blood and other tests and treated through symptom relief only. Prevention focuses on mosquito bite protection as there is currently no vaccine.
Arbo viruses
This document provides information on arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) that are transmitted to humans via insect bites. It discusses the structure, transmission cycles, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and examples of important alphaviruses and bunyaviruses that cause diseases in humans. Key points include that arboviruses have RNA genomes and lipid envelopes, are transmitted between arthropods and vertebrate hosts in cycles, and can cause febrile illnesses, hemorrhagic fevers, or encephalitis in humans. Important alphaviruses that cause encephalitis are eastern equine encephalitis virus, western equine encephalitis virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis
Zika Virus-Epidemology and charecterisitics of zika virus
Zika Virus-Charecteristics. Virus morphology, Transmission, Vector Life Cycle, Diseases Associated with it, Treament and Preventive Measures.
Poxvirus
Poxviruses are brick or oval-shaped viruses with large double-stranded DNA genomes. Poxviruses exist throughout the world and cause disease in humans and many other types of animals. Poxvirus infections typically result in the formation of lesions, skin nodules, or disseminated rash.
Small Pox
Smallpox is believed to have originated in Africa and first appeared in Egypt in 1350 BC. It was one of the most devastating diseases in history, killing around 30% of those infected. There are four main types that differ in symptoms and mortality rates. The disease was eliminated through a global vaccination program and the last known case was in Somalia in 1977. While the virus samples exist in two locations, there is concern it could be used as a biological weapon.
Arbovirus An Overview
This document provides an overview of arboviruses, which are RNA viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. It discusses several major arbovirus types including flaviviruses, togaviruses, and bunyaviruses. Key aspects summarized are:
1. Arboviruses can infect both humans and animals, with transmission occurring via bites from infected mosquitoes, ticks, or sandflies.
2. Major arboviruses described include yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Symptoms range from mild fever and rash to severe encephalitis or hemorrhagic fever
Yellow fever virus
Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes that originated in Central Africa. It causes symptoms like fever, jaundice, and in severe cases significant bleeding. While most cases resolve, 15% of infections progress severely and can result in death within 7-10 days. The virus is a positive-sense RNA flavivirus about 50-60nm in diameter. Diagnosis involves testing for viral RNA or antibodies in the blood. Vaccines can prevent yellow fever, but supplies of one major vaccine may be limited in the near future.
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is caused by a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. It occurs in tropical areas of Africa and South America, putting over 900 million people at risk. Each year there are approximately 200,000 cases and 30,000 deaths worldwide. The virus is maintained in non-human primates, and humans can be infected either through forest exposure or urban cycles involving humans and mosquitoes. Prevention focuses on vaccination and mosquito control to limit transmission between humans and mosquitoes.
Antropozoonosi inglese
The document discusses various anthropozoonotic diseases transmitted from animals to humans, often through vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. It identifies several factors that have increased the spread of these diseases, including climate change, globalized trade and tourism, and keeping unconventional pets. It then provides more detailed information on specific viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases, their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes that primarily affects monkeys and humans in tropical areas of Africa and South America. It causes fever, jaundice, and can lead to severe liver and kidney damage. There are three main transmission cycles: a sylvatic cycle between monkeys and wild mosquitoes in forests; an intermediate cycle between monkeys, humans and semi-domestic mosquitoes near forests; and an urban cycle between humans and the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The virus is controlled through vaccination programs and mosquito control measures like larval source reduction and insecticide spraying. International travel regulations require a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate for entry into affected areas.
Japanese Encephalitis
1. Six cases of Japanese encephalitis were reported in Sukma district of Chhattisgarh, including three deaths, signaling an outbreak of the disease.
2. The cases were clustered in villages near the border of Malkangiri district of Odisha, which was experiencing an ongoing JE outbreak.
3. Japanese encephalitis virus is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. Pigs serve as an amplifier host between the mosquitoes and human cases.
History of Small Pox
Variola virus, otherwise known as smallpox, is believed to have first emerged in Africa around 10,000 BC and subsequently spread to other parts of the world. It was a serious infectious disease that impacted populations for centuries prior to its eradication. Key events in combating smallpox included variolation experiments in the 1700s, Edward Jenner's pioneering smallpox vaccination using cowpox in 1796, and the World Health Organization's global Smallpox Eradication Programme of the 1960s and 1970s that ultimately succeeded in eliminating the virus by 1980.
Zika virus: New public health threat
Three years ago, the Zika virus was nowhere to be found in the Western Hemisphere. But in 2015, Brazil suddenly found itself in the throes of an unprecedented Zika outbreak — with more than a million people infected by the mosquito-transmitted disease
Ebola
Ebola is a deadly virus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. It was first identified in Africa in 1976 and has caused several outbreaks with high fatality rates. The virus is transmitted through contact with body fluids of infected individuals. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, prevention relies on isolation protocols, personal protective equipment, and sterilization of medical equipment to control outbreaks. Further research seeks to understand Ebola virus pathogenesis and reservoirs to aid in developing countermeasures.
West Nile virus.ppt
West Nile Virus was first isolated in Uganda in 1937. It is a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted primarily by Culex mosquitoes that infects humans, birds, horses and other mammals. While most human infections are asymptomatic, it can cause West Nile fever or severe West Nile disease with symptoms like headache, fever and neck stiffness. There is no vaccine for humans but supportive care is provided. Mosquito control and personal protection are the main prevention strategies.
Ebola final
The Ebola virus first appeared in Africa in 1976 and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever with high fatality rates. It is believed to originate from wildlife like gorillas and chimpanzees. While its natural reservoir is unknown, human outbreaks are often linked to proximity to infected wildlife. The virus can spread through direct contact with bodily fluids and some research has shown potential for airborne transmission. There is currently no approved vaccine or treatment, though supportive care methods are used. Prevention relies on isolation protocols, protective equipment for medical workers, safe burial practices, and addressing potential bioterrorism threats posed by the virus.
VIRUSES.ppt
Here is a draft essay response:
Viruses are acellular microscopic particles that can only replicate inside of living host cells. They contain either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria, ranging from 20-300 nanometers in size.
To reproduce, viruses must first attach and enter a host cell. The capsid binds to specific receptors on the host cell membrane through antigen-antibody interactions. Once inside, the viral nucleic acid is released into the host cell cytoplasm. Viruses then hijack the host cell's machinery and metabolic processes to produce copies of themselves.
Viral DNA or RNA takes over the cell's functions and directs it to produce
More Related Content
What's hot
West nile fever
West Nile fever is an infection by the West Nile virus, which is typically spread by mosquitoes. It causes disease in humans, horses, and several species of birds
West nile virus 2
The document summarizes information about West Nile virus, including that it is transmitted via mosquito bites, most commonly occurs in warm weather, and can cause mild to serious infections in humans. It originated in Africa in 1937 and was first detected in the US in 1999. While most infected individuals show no symptoms, about 20% may get West Nile fever and less than 1% could develop serious infections. Prevention methods include eliminating standing water and applying insect repellent. There is no vaccine currently available.
West Nile Virus
An introduction of West Nile Virus, including west nile virus symptoms,transmission,prevention,and treatment.
Zika virus disease
Zika virus is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. It typically causes mild fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis lasting up to a week. While most infections are asymptomatic, Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other birth defects. The virus was first identified in 1947 and outbreaks have occurred in Africa, Asia, Pacific Islands and the Americas. There is no vaccine or specific treatment, so prevention focuses on controlling the mosquito vector and protecting against bites.
Arbovirus and its casution
This document discusses arboviruses, which are viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sand flies. It notes that arboviruses require both a vertebrate host and arthropod vector to be maintained in nature. The document groups major human pathogenic arboviruses into three families and describes their morphology. It then discusses the transmission cycle involving vectors and hosts, as well as less common transmission routes. The document outlines the pathogenesis of arbovirus infection and resulting clinical features like fever, rashes, and hemorrhagic, encephalitic, or arthralgia syndromes. It provides dengue virus and yellow fever as examples and discusses laboratory diagnosis and prophylaxis
Human immunal response against zika
Zika virus was first isolated in 1947 in Uganda and has since spread across the Pacific and Americas. It is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and causes fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. While symptoms are usually mild and short-lived, Zika can also cause microcephaly in fetuses when mothers are infected during pregnancy. The virus is diagnosed through blood and other tests and treated through symptom relief only. Prevention focuses on mosquito bite protection as there is currently no vaccine.
Arbo viruses
This document provides information on arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) that are transmitted to humans via insect bites. It discusses the structure, transmission cycles, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and examples of important alphaviruses and bunyaviruses that cause diseases in humans. Key points include that arboviruses have RNA genomes and lipid envelopes, are transmitted between arthropods and vertebrate hosts in cycles, and can cause febrile illnesses, hemorrhagic fevers, or encephalitis in humans. Important alphaviruses that cause encephalitis are eastern equine encephalitis virus, western equine encephalitis virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis
Zika Virus-Epidemology and charecterisitics of zika virus
Zika Virus-Charecteristics. Virus morphology, Transmission, Vector Life Cycle, Diseases Associated with it, Treament and Preventive Measures.
Poxvirus
Poxviruses are brick or oval-shaped viruses with large double-stranded DNA genomes. Poxviruses exist throughout the world and cause disease in humans and many other types of animals. Poxvirus infections typically result in the formation of lesions, skin nodules, or disseminated rash.
Small Pox
Smallpox is believed to have originated in Africa and first appeared in Egypt in 1350 BC. It was one of the most devastating diseases in history, killing around 30% of those infected. There are four main types that differ in symptoms and mortality rates. The disease was eliminated through a global vaccination program and the last known case was in Somalia in 1977. While the virus samples exist in two locations, there is concern it could be used as a biological weapon.
Arbovirus An Overview
This document provides an overview of arboviruses, which are RNA viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. It discusses several major arbovirus types including flaviviruses, togaviruses, and bunyaviruses. Key aspects summarized are:
1. Arboviruses can infect both humans and animals, with transmission occurring via bites from infected mosquitoes, ticks, or sandflies.
2. Major arboviruses described include yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Symptoms range from mild fever and rash to severe encephalitis or hemorrhagic fever
Yellow fever virus
Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes that originated in Central Africa. It causes symptoms like fever, jaundice, and in severe cases significant bleeding. While most cases resolve, 15% of infections progress severely and can result in death within 7-10 days. The virus is a positive-sense RNA flavivirus about 50-60nm in diameter. Diagnosis involves testing for viral RNA or antibodies in the blood. Vaccines can prevent yellow fever, but supplies of one major vaccine may be limited in the near future.
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is caused by a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. It occurs in tropical areas of Africa and South America, putting over 900 million people at risk. Each year there are approximately 200,000 cases and 30,000 deaths worldwide. The virus is maintained in non-human primates, and humans can be infected either through forest exposure or urban cycles involving humans and mosquitoes. Prevention focuses on vaccination and mosquito control to limit transmission between humans and mosquitoes.
Antropozoonosi inglese
The document discusses various anthropozoonotic diseases transmitted from animals to humans, often through vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. It identifies several factors that have increased the spread of these diseases, including climate change, globalized trade and tourism, and keeping unconventional pets. It then provides more detailed information on specific viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases, their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes that primarily affects monkeys and humans in tropical areas of Africa and South America. It causes fever, jaundice, and can lead to severe liver and kidney damage. There are three main transmission cycles: a sylvatic cycle between monkeys and wild mosquitoes in forests; an intermediate cycle between monkeys, humans and semi-domestic mosquitoes near forests; and an urban cycle between humans and the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The virus is controlled through vaccination programs and mosquito control measures like larval source reduction and insecticide spraying. International travel regulations require a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate for entry into affected areas.
Japanese Encephalitis
1. Six cases of Japanese encephalitis were reported in Sukma district of Chhattisgarh, including three deaths, signaling an outbreak of the disease.
2. The cases were clustered in villages near the border of Malkangiri district of Odisha, which was experiencing an ongoing JE outbreak.
3. Japanese encephalitis virus is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. Pigs serve as an amplifier host between the mosquitoes and human cases.
History of Small Pox
Variola virus, otherwise known as smallpox, is believed to have first emerged in Africa around 10,000 BC and subsequently spread to other parts of the world. It was a serious infectious disease that impacted populations for centuries prior to its eradication. Key events in combating smallpox included variolation experiments in the 1700s, Edward Jenner's pioneering smallpox vaccination using cowpox in 1796, and the World Health Organization's global Smallpox Eradication Programme of the 1960s and 1970s that ultimately succeeded in eliminating the virus by 1980.
Zika virus: New public health threat
Three years ago, the Zika virus was nowhere to be found in the Western Hemisphere. But in 2015, Brazil suddenly found itself in the throes of an unprecedented Zika outbreak — with more than a million people infected by the mosquito-transmitted disease
What's hot (18)
Zika Virus-Epidemology and charecterisitics of zika virus
Zika Virus-Epidemology and charecterisitics of zika virus
Similar to WNV
Ebola
Ebola is a deadly virus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. It was first identified in Africa in 1976 and has caused several outbreaks with high fatality rates. The virus is transmitted through contact with body fluids of infected individuals. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, prevention relies on isolation protocols, personal protective equipment, and sterilization of medical equipment to control outbreaks. Further research seeks to understand Ebola virus pathogenesis and reservoirs to aid in developing countermeasures.
West Nile virus.ppt
West Nile Virus was first isolated in Uganda in 1937. It is a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted primarily by Culex mosquitoes that infects humans, birds, horses and other mammals. While most human infections are asymptomatic, it can cause West Nile fever or severe West Nile disease with symptoms like headache, fever and neck stiffness. There is no vaccine for humans but supportive care is provided. Mosquito control and personal protection are the main prevention strategies.
Ebola final
The Ebola virus first appeared in Africa in 1976 and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever with high fatality rates. It is believed to originate from wildlife like gorillas and chimpanzees. While its natural reservoir is unknown, human outbreaks are often linked to proximity to infected wildlife. The virus can spread through direct contact with bodily fluids and some research has shown potential for airborne transmission. There is currently no approved vaccine or treatment, though supportive care methods are used. Prevention relies on isolation protocols, protective equipment for medical workers, safe burial practices, and addressing potential bioterrorism threats posed by the virus.
VIRUSES.ppt
Here is a draft essay response:
Viruses are acellular microscopic particles that can only replicate inside of living host cells. They contain either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria, ranging from 20-300 nanometers in size.
To reproduce, viruses must first attach and enter a host cell. The capsid binds to specific receptors on the host cell membrane through antigen-antibody interactions. Once inside, the viral nucleic acid is released into the host cell cytoplasm. Viruses then hijack the host cell's machinery and metabolic processes to produce copies of themselves.
Viral DNA or RNA takes over the cell's functions and directs it to produce
Viruses-Pointer
Viruses are microscopic particles that contain nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. They cannot replicate without infecting a host cell and hijacking the cell's machinery. There are two main viral replication cycles - lytic and lysogenic. Lytic viruses immediately take over the cell to produce new virus particles that burst and destroy the host cell. Lysogenic viruses integrate their DNA into the host cell which continues normal functions with the viral DNA. Some common viral diseases include influenza, HIV, hepatitis B, measles, rabies, and Ebola.
Arthropod borne viruses part teaching 1
1. Japanese encephalitis is an arboviral disease transmitted by Culex mosquitoes that carries the Japanese encephalitis virus, a flavivirus.
2. The virus is maintained in a transmission cycle between mosquitoes, birds, and pigs. Most human infections are asymptomatic but it can cause a life-threatening encephalitis.
3. There is no specific treatment for the disease but it can be diagnosed through serology testing. Prevention relies on mosquito control measures.
Filoviridae
- Filoviruses like Ebola and Marburg viruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates with high fatality rates. Though outbreaks are frequent, the natural reservoir of Ebola virus remains unclear.
- There are five species of Ebola virus (Zaire, Sudan, Reston, Ivory Coast, Bundibugyo) and Marburg virus. Ebola Zaire has the highest fatality rate of up to 90% while E. Reston has not caused death in humans.
- Transmission occurs through contact with bodily fluids of infected humans or animals. There is no approved treatment, though supportive care, vaccination research, and
Arthropod – borne viral diseases
This document provides information on arthropod-borne viral diseases. It defines arboviruses as viruses transmitted between vertebrate hosts by blood-feeding arthropods like mosquitoes and ticks. The document discusses the classification, properties, transmission cycles involving vectors and reservoir hosts, pathogenesis and examples of important arboviruses including alphaviruses like Chikungunya virus, flaviviruses like Dengue virus, and bunyaviruses. It summarizes the clinical manifestations and treatment approaches for major arboviral diseases.
9 - Viral Pathogens
This document summarizes several viral pathogens including herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, human papillomavirus, influenza virus, paramyxoviruses, enteroviruses, norovirus, arboviruses, HIV, Ebola virus, and hantavirus. It describes their viral structure, transmission methods, symptoms, treatments, and prevention methods. Key details provided on herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis A, B, and C viruses, influenza virus antigenic drift and shift, measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus, poliovirus, rotavirus, dengue,
Shot(s) Happen: The Importance of Childhood Vaccines in the 21st Century
- Vaccines have helped eradicate many deadly diseases like smallpox and have greatly reduced cases of polio, measles, and others. However, some argue vaccines may cause harm.
- While early vaccines had issues, modern vaccines are very safe due to extensive testing. Risks of diseases like measles and pertussis far outweigh any vaccine risks. Recent outbreaks show the dangers of low vaccination rates.
- Though some claim vaccines aren't needed or cause autism and other harms, numerous studies have disproven these claims. Vaccine hesitancy poses risks and has led to outbreaks, so it is important to make informed decisions based on scientific evidence.
Microbiology
Viruses and bacteria are microscopic organisms that can cause illness. Viruses invade and reproduce inside host cells, while bacteria are living single-celled organisms that can multiply through binary fission. Parasites also live in or on a host and can harm the host. The human body has defenses against microbes like the skin, mucus, immune system cells, and vaccines. During the 1918 influenza pandemic, around 22 million people died from the virus globally.
Vnu – hanoi university of sciences
This document summarizes information about Ebola virus. It describes how Peter Piot received a thermos of blood from a nun who had fallen ill with a mysterious disease in Congo in 1976. Piot and his colleagues studied the epidemic and found clues about how the virus spreads. The recent 2014 outbreak in West Africa caused over 6000 deaths. The document provides details on the structure and life cycle of Ebola virus, how it is transmitted from animals to humans and between humans, symptoms of the disease, and challenges in developing treatments.
neuroglial cells
very useful for MBBS aspirants.
created by teachers havig 30 yrs of experience.
the content is all original
Viruses
Viruses are not considered living organisms because they lack the properties of life such as the ability to reproduce, grow, metabolize, and maintain homeostasis. Viruses have either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. They infect host cells and use the host's cellular machinery to replicate themselves and spread infection. There are several shapes of virus particles including helical, polyhedral, and bacteriophages which have a tail. Viruses can replicate through lytic and lysogenic cycles, sometimes integrating their genetic material into the host. They are able to mutate and evolve, occasionally resulting in more virulent strains. Examples of important human viruses discussed include influenza, HIV, herpes, measles, polio
PICORNA VIRUS POLIO dr. someshwaran may 2015
PICORNA VIRUS - ENTERO VIRUS - POLIOMYELITIS - SECOND MBBS STUDENTS - UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS - MEDICAL COLLEGE - POWERPOINT
Smallpox, chickenpox,Monkeypox.ppt
This document provides information on smallpox, chickenpox, and their prevention. It discusses the organisms that cause smallpox and chickenpox, their transmission and symptoms. Key factors that led to the successful eradication of smallpox through the WHO vaccination campaign are outlined. Differences between smallpox and chickenpox are highlighted.
Marburg and Ebola viruses
Description about recent outbreak of Ebola virus in West African countries with history, pathogenesis, clinical signs and prevention measures of Filoviruses are presented in comprehensive manner.
2_Pathogens (1).pptx
The document discusses three major diseases prevalent in Africa: Ebola, HIV, and malaria. Ebola is spread through contact with bodily fluids and causes hemorrhagic fever. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids and progressively destroys immune cells. Malaria is transmitted through mosquito bites and causes fever, nausea, and fatigue. While there are no approved vaccines for Ebola, experimental treatments are being tested.
Ebola by makinde celestina
Ebola virus disease is a serious and often fatal illness in humans. The virus is introduced through contact with infected wildlife like fruit bats or monkeys. It then spreads between humans through direct contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals. Common symptoms include fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. Later symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, rash and impaired kidney and liver function. There is currently no approved vaccine or treatment, so prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected animals or isolation of infected humans.
Hiv aids seminar communti
The document discusses the transmission of HIV/AIDS through various modes:
1) Sexual transmission is the most common mode, occurring through unprotected vaginal, anal and oral sex. Anal intercourse poses the highest risk while oral sex has a lower but present risk.
2) Transmission can also occur through blood, such as transfusions or sharing needles. Procedures involving piercing of skin like tattoos or circumcision can also transmit HIV.
3) Mother-to-child transmission is another mode, where the virus can be passed during pregnancy, delivery or through breastfeeding. The risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to her newborn ranges from 12-35%.
Similar to WNV (20)
Shot(s) Happen: The Importance of Childhood Vaccines in the 21st Century
Shot(s) Happen: The Importance of Childhood Vaccines in the 21st Century
Recently uploaded
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
Microbiology & Parasitology Exercises Parts of the Microscope
Exercise 1 of Microbiology and Parasitology which is the parts of the microscope and their uses
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
What is Obesity? How to overcome Obesity?
Obesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health.
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
Helminthiasis or Worm infestation in Children for Nursing students
Brief description worm infestation/Helminthiasis for Basic B.Sc Nursing students
Gene Expression System-viral gene delivery Mpharm(Pharamaceutics)
Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient.
One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
Call Girls Lucknow 9024918724 Vip Call Girls Lucknow
Call Girls Lucknow 9024918724 Vip Call Girls Lucknow
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
Patellar Instability: Diagnosis Management
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Recently uploaded (20)
pharmacy exam preparation for undergradute students.pptx
pharmacy exam preparation for undergradute students.pptx
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Microbiology & Parasitology Exercises Parts of the Microscope
Microbiology & Parasitology Exercises Parts of the Microscope
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Helminthiasis or Worm infestation in Children for Nursing students
Helminthiasis or Worm infestation in Children for Nursing students
Gene Expression System-viral gene delivery Mpharm(Pharamaceutics)
Gene Expression System-viral gene delivery Mpharm(Pharamaceutics)
Call Girls Lucknow 9024918724 Vip Call Girls Lucknow
Call Girls Lucknow 9024918724 Vip Call Girls Lucknow
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes
Pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
WNV
- 2. Preview of Main Points • What it is? • Its history • Pathology – transmission • Symptoms • Preventative measures
- 3. What is the WNV? • Flaviviridae family • Icosahedral envelope – RNA • 40-60 nm in size
- 4. WNV History • 1937 – West Nile District of Uganda • Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe, West Asia • New York City 1999 – First case
- 5. WNV History • 1999 – 62 cases and 7 deaths
- 6. WNV 2004
- 7. WNV 2011 • Every US state has reported a WNV case
- 8. WNV Global
- 9. Seasonal Disease • Active during mosquito breeding season • Spring till the end of August
- 10. Pathology • Zoonotic • Replicates in salivary glands • Culex pipiens mosquito - the common house mosquito
- 12. Interesting Fact • Europe – two types of Culex pipien population • America – mosquito population has evolved • Spread faster in America
- 13. Transmission • Dead end host • Per CDC – OK to breast feed • Infected mosquito bites a human
- 14. Pathology • Keratinocyte and dendritic cell in basal layer • Dendritic cells travels to lymph nodes – 1st virus replication • Epithelial cells of visceral organs – 2nd virus replication
- 15. Pathology • Viremia triggers production of proteins & enzymes • Weaken tight junction of BBB
- 16. Pathology • Neurons and glial cells infected • Triggers cells narcosis = inflammation • Encephalitis – inflammation of brain • Meningitis – inflammation of meninges spinal cord
- 17. Who’s at Risk? • Children, elderly, compromised immune system • Over 50yo especially over 75yo – more at risk – morbidity and mortality
- 18. Symptoms • 3 to 14 days after infection • 80% show no symptoms • 20% show acute symptoms – mild, last couple of days – Fever, headache, body aches, nausea, vomiting, rash & swollen lymph glands
- 19. Symptoms • Out of 20% only 1% show severe symptoms – Tremors, stiff neck, high fever, severe headache, paralysis, muscle weakness, confusion, convulsion, coma, encephalitis or meningitis
- 20. Cure? • There is not cure for WNV • But there is one for horses • Best way to protect is prevention
- 21. Prevention • Stay indoors during dusk & dawn hours • Long sleeves and long pants • Insect repellent 10-30% DEET - mosquitoes can still bite thru thin material
- 22. Prevention • Dispose stagnant water
- 23. Works Cited Byron E. E. Martina, et al. "West Nile Virus: Immunity and Pathogenesis." Viruses (1999-4915) 3.6 (2011): 811-828. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 28 Sept. 2011. Gerardi, Michael H., and Melvin C. Zimmerman. Wastewater Pathogens. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (US), 2005. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). EBSCO. Web. 28 Sept. 2011. Hoyle, Brian. "West Nile." Infectious Diseases: In Context. Ed. Brenda Wilmoth Lerner and K. Lee Lerner. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2008. 899-905. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. Quick, Jennifer, and J. P. Saleeby. "The Mighty Mosquito-borne Killer." American Fitness 25.4 (2007): 26-29. Health Source - Consumer Edition. EBSCO. Web. 29 Sept. 2011. "West Nile Virus." CRS - Pediatric Advisor (2010): 1. Health Source - Consumer Edition. EBSCO. Web. 29 Sept. 2011.