Zika Virus-Charecteristics. Virus morphology, Transmission, Vector Life Cycle, Diseases Associated with it, Treament and Preventive Measures.

1. EPIDEMIOLOGY ANDEPIDEMIOLOGY AND
CHARECTERISTICS OF ZIKA VIRUSCHARECTERISTICS OF ZIKA VIRUS
GUIDED BY-
DR. VIJAYAN
DEPT. OF ZOOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE
PRESENTED BY-
NARAYAN PRAHLAD. V
VIII SEMESTER
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
11 APRIL 2016

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Zika virus- Morphology and Structure
 Transmission
 Vector life cycle
 Viral cycle
 Diseases and symptoms
 Conclusion
 References
 Acknowledgement

3. INTRODUCTION
• Zika fever- mosquito borne disease- transmitted – Aedes spp.
• First discovered in Uganda- Zika forest 1947, hence the name
“Zika”.
• It has been known to occur within a narrow equatorial belt from
Africa to Asia.
• The virus spread eastward across the Pacific Ocean 2013–2014
Zika virus outbreaks in Oceania to French Polynesia, New
Caledonia, the Cook Islands, and Easter Island,
• 2015 to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South
America, where the Zika outbreak has reached pandemic levels.

4. TWO TYPES OF VECTORS
1. Mechanical – Cockroach and Housefly
2. Biological – Mosquitoes, fleas, Tsetse flies, Sand flies,
Black flies, Ticks etc.
Most important – Mosquitoes ; 3500 species : 350 – 400 vectors

5. ZIKA VIRUS (ZIKV)
Group- Group IV +ss RNA
Family- Flaviviridae
Genus- Flavivirus
Species- Zika
Courtesy- PDB

6. ZIKA VIRUS-MORPHOLOGY &
STRUCTURE
Zika under Electron Microscope Zika Morphology
Courtesy- Protein data bank

7. VIRUS- MOLECULAR ASPECTS

9. TRANSMISSION
Vectors-Mosquito
Sexual Contact
During Pregnancy

10. VECTOR- MOSQUITO

13. VIRUS CYCLE

15. TRANSMISSION
Vectors-Mosquito
Sexual Contact
During Pregnancy

16. DISEASES AND SYMPTOMS
Most noted diseases in infants- Microcephaly
Zika Fever in adults.
Guillain–Barré syndrome

17. MICROCEPHALY

18. MICROCEPHALY

19. `
A- Damaged brain cell with virions
B- Enveloped structures (many in
no.)- viral multiplication
C- Negetively stained virus-
morphology-specific to
Flaviviridae group.
A
C
B

20. ZIKA FEVER
The Flaviviruses replicate initially in the dendritic cells at the
site of infection where it then spreads to other areas of the
body via the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
Viral replication typically occurs in the cytoplasm of infected
cells, but there is a study that shows ZIKV antigens can also
be found in the nuclei of infected host cells.

21. ZIKA FEVER
Symptoms- fever, red eyes, joint pain, headache, and
a maculopapular rash.
Diagnosis- by testing the blood, urine, or saliva for the
presence of Zika virus RNA when the person is sick.
Zika virus can be identified by reverse transcriptase
PCR (RT-PCR) in acutely ill patients.
World Health Organization (WHO) recommends RT-PCR
testing be done on serum collected within 1 to 3 days of
symptom onset or on saliva or urine samples collected
during the first 3 to 5 days.

22. SYMPTOMS

23. GUILLAIN–BARRÉ
SYNDROME (GBS)
French neurologists Georges Guillain and Jean Alexandre
Barré, who described it with André Strohl in 1916.
It is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune
system damaging the peripheral nervous system.
Changes in sensation or develop pain, followed by muscle
weakness beginning in the feet and hands. The symptoms
develop over half a day to two weeks.

24. Caused by the body's immune
system mistakenly attacking the
peripheral nerves and damaging
their myelin insulation. Sometimes
this immune dysfunction is triggered
by an infection.
Diagnosis-based on the signs and
symptoms, tests such as nerve
conduction studies and examination
of the cerebrospinal fluid.

25. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
Presently, there is no vaccine for ZIKV or
treatment for Zika fever. Because symptoms
are relatively mild and the disease is self-
limiting, only supportive therapy is
employed.
Patients with Zika fever should remain
hydrated and rest.
Acetaminophen can be prescribed to combat
fever.

26. WHAT WE CAN DO
Use insect repellent, long sleeved-clothing.
Keep your surroundings dry- no utensils or vessels that can store
water.
No water logging in your surroundings.
If there is any water bodies near your home- call corporation and
get it disinfected and cleaned immediately.
Additionally, due to recent studies that show the possibility of
sexual transmission, safe sex practices are also encouraged.
Blood transfusion-Donor’s blood should be checked.

28. CONCLUSION
 New vector borne diseases are surfacing in the world and old ones are
reemerging in certain areas.
 The present climate change is a concern as Aedes mosquites are invading
new areas. Synthesis of vaccines , continuous surveillance and vector
control through community participation are the major measures to
control these deadly diseases.
 Currently- immense research- understanding the microcephaly associated
with Zika virus-the proteins and their interactions with host cell
membranes- potential drug targets.
 Finally its our duty to ensure no mosquito breeding near our
surroundings- not only us but also other people are not infected by these
pathogens.

29. REFERENCES
 J. Mlakar, M. Popović, J.Mraz, A.V., J.P; Zika Virus Associated with
Microcephaly;2016; New England Journal of Medicine
 Didier Musso,a Duane J. Gubler;Zika Virus; 2016; American Society for Microbiology;
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
 Declan Butler; Microcephaly in Surge; Nature Reviews
 Oumar Faye, Ousmane Faye, Diawo Diallo, Mawlouth Diallo, Manfred Weidmann and
Amadou Alpha Sall; Quantitative real-time PCR detection of Zika virus and evaluation
with field-caught Mosquitoes; 2013; Virology Journal
 Devika Sirohi, Zhenguo Chen, Lei Sun, Thomas Klose, Theodore C. Pierson, Michael
G. Rossmann, Richard J. Kuhn; The 3.8 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of Zika
virus;2016
 The New York Times; 2015
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.microbewiki.com

30. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 Guide-Dr.Vijayan; Department of Zoology; UoM
 Course Coordinator- Dr. N.S. Devaki
 Thank you all for your patience