2. Counseling belongs to the family of social services
or guidance movement (Gladding p.4)
It comes under the umbrella of
Psychology/Psychotherapy
◦ The scientific study of behavior and mental
processes.
◦ Counseling is an applied social science that helps
individuals get better understanding of themselves to
handle their roles & relationships
effectively.
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
2
3. The application of mental health, psychological or
human development principles, through cognitive,
affective, behavioral or systematic interventions…
(Gladding p.6)
Counseling attempts to provide encouragement and
guidance for those who are facing losses, decisions,
or disappointments…stimulate personality growth
and development; help people cope more effectively
with the problems of living, with inner conflict and
with crippling emotions… (Collins 1988, p.16)
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
3
4. Counseling is a science and an art . It is a
science because it applies techniques and
procedures that are utilized in helping a person to
understand their situations and employ the most
adequate solutions for problem solving and life
change; it is an art because it allows the therapist
to use unique or own personality and experiences
in assisting the client.
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
4
5.
Christian Counseling is defined as an art and a
science of applying Biblical principles to treat with
clients’ issues using the rudiments of professional
counseling.
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
5
6. • Sin is the primary focus of mankind’s
dysfunction (Rom 5:12-14)
• Salvation, and transformation through
counseling from the gospel is the primary
solution.
• Scripture is authoritative and necessary for
Christian counseling because it is God’s
soul care guidebook
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
6
9. Psychology
Focus on the mind
Describe human
experiences and
behaviors
Applies Logic
Understand the
structure of being
•
•
•
•
Spirituality
Focus on God
Describes the source
of man
Applies Faith
Understand the
meaning (source) of
being
Psychology can not deduce the meaning or morality of
life while Theology/Spirituality is not equip to explore the
dynamics of personality.
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
9
10.
Unique Assumptions – Sin is the primary cause
(fall of man) of man’s deprived state and that
restoration/forgiveness of God through salvation
and transformation will make man ‘totally whole’.
Unique Goals – To stimulate spiritual growth by
encouraging confession of sin, experience divine
forgiveness and commit lives to Jesus Christ.
Collins p. 19-20
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
10
11. Unique Methods – The application of prayer and
faith in God are cornerstones of pastoral
counseling.
Unique Counselor-Characteristics – Demonstrate
personal reliance upon the same factors of
salvation, transformation and a relationship with
God.
Unique
Giftedness
Collins p. 19-20
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
11
12. Psychology
Focus on the mind
Describe human
experiences and
behaviors
Applies Logic
Understand the
structure of being
•
•
•
•
Spirituality
Focus on God
Describes the source
of man
Applies Faith
Understand the
meaning (source) of
being
Psychology can not deduce the meaning or morality of
life while Theology/Spirituality is not equip to explore the
dynamics of personality.
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
12
14. “See to it that no one takes you captive through
hollow and deceptive philosophy, which depends on
human tradition and the basic principles of this
world rather than on Christ.”
Col. 2:8
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
14
24. Guidance focuses on helping individuals choose
what they value most.
Counseling focuses on helping individuals make
changes.
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
24
25. Psychotherapy focuses on causing change
Counseling focuses on assisting the person to
change
They have different clients
◦ Psychotherapist – deals with neurosis (mental
dysfunctions)
◦ Counselor – deals with persons with poor coping and
decision making skills.
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
25
26.
Psychology focuses on observing behavior
Counseling focuses on behavior change
Psychology is non-engaging
Counseling is interactive and intimate
Psychology focuses on the pattern of behavior
Counseling focuses on the reasons/sources of
behavior
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
26
27. Helping may bare the closes resemblance or
comparison to counseling
Helping is the process of assisting someone in an
informal and non-technical/scientific manner
Counseling provides a support system and provides
technical/scientific skills
Persons will seek help based on the competence of
the person they seek out to help them
Counseling is done by someone who is trained
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
27
28. Motivation stimulates a person through external
influence and reward
Counseling focuses on empowering the person to
effect life change
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
28
29. Intervention is initiated by others
Counseling is initiated by the person; even if there
is external motivation
Intervention uses external pressures to stimulate
emotions to effect change
Counseling uses personal/internal reflection and
reasoning to effect change
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
29
30. Coaching provides premeditated or rehearsed
action for future events
Counseling addresses coping skills for present
daily living
Coaching is a form of education that assist in
anticipating probable future circumstances
Counseling educates persons in basis skills
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
30
31. Mediation involves a third-party making decisions
Counseling requires the client to reach to a point
of making decisions
Mediation focuses on present issue only
Counseling focuses on present issue and provide
coping skills for the future
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
31
32.
Historical Background (Early Basis of Psychology)
• Greek philosophers
• Hippocrates: Focused on how to treat mental illness
• Plato (427-347BCE): Introspection and reflection—road to knowledge;
dreams and fantasies—substitute satisfactions; human condition:
physical, moral and spiritual origins
• Aristotle (384-322BCE): Considered “first psychologist” used objectivity and
reason to study knowledge
Socrates (469 -399 BC) : Examines thoughts and feelings; introduced the
concept of introspection
• Augustine (354-430) and Aquinas (1225-1274): highlighted consciousness,
self-examination, and inquiry
• Focus on Christianity during Augustine and Aquinas times limited the
psychological nature of people
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
32
33.
Historical Background
• Descartes (1596-1650) and James Mill (1773-1836): Mind a
blank slate upon which ideas become generated.
• Europe: First experimental psychologists studied similarities
and differences of people
• E.g.,: Wundt and Galton
• 1800s in U.S.: experimental psychologists
• James Cattell & G. Stanley Hall (1st president of APA)
• Williams James’ theory of philosophical pragmatism: truth and
reality is continually constructed
• Testing: Binet, vocational assessment, personality tests
• Mesmer (mesmerize), Charcot (hypnosis)
• Psychoanalysis and Freud
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
33
34.
Historical Background (late 1800s to 1900s)
• 1892: American Psychological Association (APA) was
established.
• Other schools arise:
• Pavlov (classical conditioning); Phenomenology psychology;
Existentialism psychology; Gestalt psychology
• Sigmund Freud - Was convinced that patients difficulties were
due to mental rather than physical problems. It was as a result
of unconscious thoughts and feelings. He presented the
concept of psychoanalysis and free association.
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
34
35.
Probably influenced counseling most of all professions
Gave us the first comprehensive approaches to
counseling and therapy
Tests developed by psychologist used by early
vocational counselors and other counselors today
Research techniques
Early development of counseling skills
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
35
37. Facilitating Behavior Change
Improve ability to develop healthy relationships
Enhance coping skills
Promote/ Improve decision making skills
Facilitating overall development of the client
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
37
38. Marriage Counseling
Family Counseling
Career Counseling
Financial Counseling
Grief Counseling
Substance Abuse Counseling
Rehabilitative (behavioral) Counseling
Mental Health Counseling
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
38
39. Emotional distress/displacement – unresolved
issues, and using someone else's problems to
over shadow own.
Vicarious Coping – Live their lives through
Filling Void of Loneliness – a since of feeling
important to others
Desire Power – Ability to control others
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
39
40. Is adjusted (have an identity)– stable and copes
with personal issues
Respect and appreciate self
Objective (Open to Change) – ability to be open
minded
Makes chooses that are life oriented
Can admit when mistakes are made
Appreciate the influence of culture
Sincere interest in other
Possess effective interpersonal skills
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
40
41. What Counseling Is!
What Counseling is Not!
Providing a support ≠It is not about giving
advice
≠It is not about the
base for people
coercion of people into
It focuses on the
your way of thinking
needs of the client
≠It is not about working
Provides realistic
out someone’s problem
tools that can be used for them
≠It is not telling the
by the client
client what to do
≠Not criticizing the
client
WIST: Rev. M. Prince 2014
41
