Frank Parsons is considered the father of vocational guidance. In the 1890s, he organized the Boston Vocational Bureau to provide vocational assistance and trained teachers to be vocational counselors. In 1909, he published Choosing a Vocation, which discussed counseling techniques and divided counseling into personal investigation, industrial investigation, and organization and work. Others like Jessie B. Davis, Anna Y. Reed, Eli Weaver, David S. Hill, Carl R. Rogers, C. Gilbert Wrenn, and C. Harold McCully also contributed to the early counseling movement by establishing guidance services and advocating for vocational guidance and diversified curriculums.

2. Origin of Vocational Guidance
 During the 1890’s, a man
named Frank Parsons
organized the Boston Vocational
Bureau. He is considered as the
Father of Vocational Guidance.

3.  he provides vocational
assistance to young people.
 he train teachers to serve
as vocational counselors.

4. • In 1909, he published Choosing a
Vocation.
-he discusses the role of the
counselor and techniques that might be
employed in counseling.
- was divided into three areas;
1. Personal Investigation
2. Industrial Investigation
3. Organization and the work

5. Personal Investigation
 Parsons advocates getting the
client to see himself /herself
exactly as others do and giving
the client recommendations about
methods that can be used for self-
improvement.

6. Industrial Investigation
 Parson insists that counselors
must be thoroughly familiar with
all relevant details concerning job
opportunities, the distribution of
the demand in industries, and
courses of study.

7. Organization and the work
Parson also explain the need
to train vocational counselors.
This is to have relevant
vocational background, sound
judgement, character, and
maturity.

8.  Others were also involved in the counseling
movement as its earliest stages. They were;
 Jessie B. Davis
 Anna Y. Reed
 Eli Weaver
 David S. Hill
Carl R. Rogers
 C. Gilbert Wrenn
 C. Harold McCully

9. Jessie B. Davis
 his approach was based on self-study
and the study of occupations.
 his description of counseling seem to
suggest that students should be
preached about the moral value of hard
work, ambition, honesty, and the
development of the character as assets
to any person who planned to entern the
business world.

10. Jessie B. Davis
 he use the “call” concept in relation
to the way one shoul choose a
vocation. When an individual was
called, he would approach it with
the noblest and highest ideals which
would serve society best by
uplifting humanity.

11. Anna Y. Reed
 she established guidance services in the
Seattle.
 she believes that guidance services could be
important as a means of developing the best
possible educational product.
 she believed in stiff competition and that
people needed to give their best effort to any
assigned task in order to see themselves as
successful.

12. Eli Weaver
• established teacher guidance
committees in every high school in
New York City. These committees
worked actively to help youths
discover their capabilities and
learn how to use those talents to
secure the most appropriate
employment.

13. David S. Hill
 was a researcher in the New Orleans
school system, who used scientific
methods to study people.
his research studies pointed out the
wide diversity in student population.
 he advocated and worked for a
diversified curriculum complemented
by vocational guidance.

14. Carl R. Rogers
 he focused on “client-centered therapy”
which he introduced in 1942 in his
publication, Counseling and
Psychotherapy.
 he offers nondirective counseling as an
alternative to the older, more traditional
methods.
 he stresses’s the client’s responsibility in
perceiving his or her problem and
enhancing the self.

15. C. Gilbert Wrenn
 his classic contribution of the 1960’s
“The Counselor in A Changing World ”
also examined the counselor’s role in a
society with changing ideas about
human behaviour and changing
schools.
 he noted that the counselor must
understand not only the student but
himself also and his adult
contemporaries.

16. C. Harold McCully
 implied that if school counselors were
to move toward bonafide
professionalization, “they cannot
afford to define their function on the
basis of a retrospective analysis of
what counselors have done in the
past as technicians.”
 he forecast the function of the
counselor as a consultant and agent

17. The Development of the
Psychometrics

18. Psychometrics
 is based on theory that
individuals differ on a variety
of characteristics.
 is define as the
“measurement of the mind”

19.  The Rise of School Counseling
 Community Counseling
 Vocational Rehabilitation
 Group-Therapy movement
 Career Education Programs
 Professional Associations

20. End of the Report...
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