Here are two examples of situations where counseling could have helped: Situation How it was overcome Counselor/enabler and how they helped Struggling in school Spoke to a school counselor about study skills and stress management. The counselor provided tutoring resources and taught coping strategies to reduce anxiety and improve focus. Difficult relationship with parents Joined family therapy sessions. The therapist acted as a mediator and helped improve communication between me and my parents through active listening exercises and identifying underlying issues causing conflict.

1. BRANCHES OF SCIENCE
NATURAL SCIENCES
FORMAL SCIENCES
SOCIAL SCIENCES
•EARTH SCIENCE
•BIOLOGY
•CHEMISTRY
•PHYSICS
• MATHEMATICS
• LOGIC
• STATISTICS

2. WHAT IS SOCIETY?
A society is a group of individuals involved in
persistent social interaction, or a large social
group sharing the same spatial or social
territory typically subject to the same
political authority and dominant cultural
expectations.

3. SOCIAL SCIENCE
Is the study of Society and the
human behavior in it.

4. DISCIPLINES OF SOCIAL
SCIENCES

5. APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE
An integrated science cutting across and
transcending various social science disciplines in
addressing a wide range of issues in a contemporary,
innovative, and dynamic way. It is a broad field that
draws on different social theories and perspectives
and combines theory and practice drawn from
different social disciplines that highlight the
complexity of social issues.

6. Relationship between Social Science and
Applied Social Science
SS: More specific and focused on a distinct facet
of social phenomena.
ASS: Attempts to focus on distinct issue but use
insights arising from various social science
disciplines.

7. DISCIPLINES OF THE APPLIED
SOCIAL SCIENCE

8. COUNSELING- Provides healing, courage and strength
for an individual to face his/her issues and take up the best
possible option in moments of life crisis.
SOCIAL WORK- Promotes social change, problem
solving in human relationships, and the empowerment and
liberation of people to enhance their holistic well-being.
COMMUNICATION- Provides accessibility to information
and thereby serves the rights of an individual and the
public to be informed and to be heard by their elders and
communities.

9. DISCIPLINES OF
COUNSELING

10. COUNSELING
1. COUNSELLING – For Nystul (2003) defined it as basically an art and a
science wherein you endeavor to weigh the objective and subjective
facets of the counseling process.
2. As an art is the subjective dimension of counseling. It upholds a flexible
and creative process whereby the counselor modifies the approach to
meet the developing needs of the clients.
3. As a science, on the other hand, is the objective dimension of the
counseling process.
4. FORMAL HELPING- In practical terms, counseling happens when a
person who is distressed asks for help and permit another person to
enter into a kind of connection with him/her. It is indicative with formal
of someone in search of counseling requests for time and attention from
person who will listen, who will allow him/her to speak and who will not
condemn and criticize him/her.

11. 5. INFORMAL HELPING- is a kin with formal helping in some
ways such as presence of good listening skills, empathy, and
caring capacity.
6. Based on Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004, guidance
and counseling is the profession that implicates the application of
“ an integrated approach to the development of a well-functioning
individual “ through the provision of support that aids an
individual to use his/her potential to the fullest in accord with
his/her interest, needs and abilities. (University of Queensland,
2015).
7. At the American Counseling Association (ACA) Conference
in Pittsburgh in March 2010, the representatives come to an
agreement on a mutual definition of counseling. They agreed that
counseling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse
individuals, families and group to accomplish mental health,

12. 8. Counseling is a discipline that is
involved in the provision of advice or
guidance in decision-making especially in
emotionally significant situations. It is a
avenue where trustworthy experts help
clients explore and understand their
worlds and so discover better ways of
thinking and living.

13. What is the purpose of Counseling?
The ultimate aim of counseling is to enable the
client to make their own choices, reach their own
decisions and act on them.

14. Goals of Counseling
1. Development Goals– assist in meeting or advancing the clients
human growth and development including social, personal,
emotional, cognitive, and physical wellness.
2. Preventive Goals– helps the client avoid some undesired
outcome. E.g. failing grades
3. Enhancement Goals- enhance special skills and abilities.
4. Remedial Goals– assisting a client to overcome and treat an
undesirable development
5. Exploratory Goals- examining options, testing of skills, trying
new and different activities, etc.

15. 6. Reinforcement Goals- helps client in recognizing,
that what they are doing, thinking, and feeling is fine.
7. Cognitive Goals- involves acquiring the basic
foundation of learning and cognitive skills.
8. Physiological Goals– involves acquiring the basic
understanding and habits for good health.
9. Psychological Goals- aids in developing good
social interaction skills, learning emotional control,
and developing positive self – concept.

16. List of counseling goals, some of which are
enhancement of the above goals.
• INSIGHT- Understanding of the origins and development of
emotional difficulties, leading to an increased capacity to take
rational control over feelings and actions
• Relating with others- Becoming better able to form and
maintain meaningful and satisfying relationships with other
people: for example , within the family or workplace.
• Self- awareness- Becoming more aware of thoughts and
feelings that had been blocked off or denied, or developing a
more accurate sense of how self is perceived by others.

17. • Self- acceptance- The development of a positive attitude
toward self, marked by an ability to acknowledge areas of
experience that had been the subject of self- criticism and
rejection.
• Self-actualization- Moving in the direction of fulfilling
potential or achieving an integration of previously conflicting
parts of self.
• Enlightenment- Assisting the client to arrive at a higher
state of spiritual awakening.
• Problem- Solving- Finding a solution to a specific problem that the
client had not been able to resolve alone. Acquiring a general
competence in problem – solving.
• Psychological education- Enabling the client to acquire ideas and

18. • Acquisition of Social Skills- Learning and mastering social
and interpersonal skills such as maintenance of eye contact
, turn taking in conversations, assertive, or anger control.
• Cognitive change- The modification or replacement of
irrational beliefs or mal adaptive thought patterns
associated with self- destructive behavior.
• Behavior change- The modification or replacement of
maladaptive or self- destructive patterns of behavior.
• Systematic change- Introducing change into the way in that
social systems operate.

19. • Empowerment- Working on skills , awareness,
and knowledge that will enable to client to take
control of his or her own life.
• Restitution- Helping the client to make amends
for previous destructive behavior.
• Generality- Inspiring in the person a desire and
capacity to care for others and pass on knowledge
and to contribute to the collective good through
political engagement.

20. SCOPE OF COUNCELING
• The scope and field of counseling has widened as the human problems
are wide in range. Broadly, the scope of counseling includes individual
counseling, marital and premarital counseling, family counseling, and
community counseling.
INDIVIDUAL COUNCELING- Is a joint process between a councilor
and a person in counselling. Common goals of counselling can be to
inspire change or improve quality of life.
• Adolescent identity, concerns, teen-parent relationships, peer
relationships.
• Anxiety
• Anger Management

21. • Children’s concerns within the family unit, sibling
relationships, school experiences, peer relationships.
• Depression
• Family of origin dynamics and issues.
• Gender: identity, sexuality, homosexuality.
• Relationships: personal and interpersonal dynamics.
• Sexual abuse recovery
• Seniors: challenges, limitations, transitions
• Singles: single, newly single, single through divorce or
being widowed
• Spirituality
• Stress management

22. • Workplace stress and relationships
• Young adult: identity, relationships, vocation
MARITAL AND PRE-MARITAL COUNSELING
Marriage counseling focuses on relationships and marriages. It's also
commonly referred to as couples therapy or marriage therapy.
Marriage counselors are trained and certified to help couples
diagnose relationship problems and develop practical solutions.
Premarital counselling is a therapy which helps to prepare the
couples mentally for marriage. The counselling helps to make sure
that you and your spouse can have a strong and healthy relationship
throughout your life. Premarital counselling helps to improve a
couple's relationship before marriage.

23. • Marital and relational dynamics
• Extended family relationships
• Fertility issues
FAMILY COUNSELING- Family counseling, or family therapy, is
a method to develop and maintain healthy and functional family
relationships. The goal is to identify and address problems in the
family. These issues could be emotional, psychological, or
behavioral.
• Adolescent and child behaviors within family dynamics
• Adult children
• Divorce and separation issues and adjustment

24. • Family dynamics: estrangement, conflict,
communication
• Family of origin / extended family issues
• Life stages and transitions
COMMUNITY COUNSELING- Community counseling is a
type of counseling that is used to help communities that are
suffering from psychological or social discord, for one reason
or another. Professionals in this field will often try to treat
individuals in the community for whatever psychological
problem that ails them. They will also attempt to prevent
future problems as well.

25. ACTIVITY #1
Think of two (2) situations wherein you needed
any form of assistance about life matters:
academics, relationships, family, identity, and
financial concerns, with whom did you share your
problem? Discuss each on the first column. On
the 2nd column, briefly write how you were able
to overcome those. On the last column, write the
names of your enablers whom you shared your
problems and helped you, state how he/she
helped you.