1) The document proposes harnessing wind energy from highways using vertical axis wind turbines mounted along roads. As vehicles pass by at high speeds, they create wind that can rotate the turbines.
2) The turbines are connected to generators to produce electricity from the rotational energy. This electricity can be used locally or stored in batteries.
3) Producing electricity in this way utilizes otherwise wasted wind energy from vehicle traffic. It has the advantages of being renewable and producing no greenhouse gases.
LOW EXPENSE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE USING PERMANENT MAGNETSIAEME Publication
Wind turbines are devices that convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical power. The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of horizontal axis and vertical axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making small contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, have become an increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used in many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
Solar and Wind Powered Hybrid Energy Vehiclekushaal hn
The wind and solar powered car has high efficiency and is a maintenance free vehicle. The car works on the concept of charging and discharging of the battery on board. When the vehicle runs the motor consumes power from the battery and after certain kilometers, it needs to be recharged. In this car, power is generated from wind turbines and the solar modules and are directed to the battery for the charging. The battery is recharged on board and the car doesn’t need to be standby for charging. To conserve the energy and to utilize it at best we are designing a vehicle which will run on the battery which will get charged by free energy sources. Then as per the requirement, we connected the solar panel and wind energy generator motor
Control Scheme for a Stand-Alone Wind Energy Conversion SystemRoja Rani
Energy is the considered to be the pivotal input for development.
At present owing to the depletion of available conventional resources and concern regarding environmental degradation, the renewable sources are being utilized to meet the ever increasing energy demand.
Due to a relatively low cost of electricity production wind energy is considered to be one of the potential sources of clean energy for the future.
LOW EXPENSE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE USING PERMANENT MAGNETSIAEME Publication
Wind turbines are devices that convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical power. The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of horizontal axis and vertical axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making small contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, have become an increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used in many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
Solar and Wind Powered Hybrid Energy Vehiclekushaal hn
The wind and solar powered car has high efficiency and is a maintenance free vehicle. The car works on the concept of charging and discharging of the battery on board. When the vehicle runs the motor consumes power from the battery and after certain kilometers, it needs to be recharged. In this car, power is generated from wind turbines and the solar modules and are directed to the battery for the charging. The battery is recharged on board and the car doesn’t need to be standby for charging. To conserve the energy and to utilize it at best we are designing a vehicle which will run on the battery which will get charged by free energy sources. Then as per the requirement, we connected the solar panel and wind energy generator motor
Control Scheme for a Stand-Alone Wind Energy Conversion SystemRoja Rani
Energy is the considered to be the pivotal input for development.
At present owing to the depletion of available conventional resources and concern regarding environmental degradation, the renewable sources are being utilized to meet the ever increasing energy demand.
Due to a relatively low cost of electricity production wind energy is considered to be one of the potential sources of clean energy for the future.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM From KMP CollegeHIGHVOLTEEE
Today, the world is progressing at quite a fast rate with the use of the conventional sources of energy. The two major demerits of using them are the environmental pollution created by its use and its limited quantity.
On the other hand the Non-conventional sources of energy are available in plenty, free of cost and pollution free.
Many types of clean and renewable energy sources can be used in the production of electrical energy.
Wind Power Plant Presentation (Seminar PPT) Jay Sonar
Power Point Presentation On Wind Energy and Wind Turbine & Its Components. Full Seminar Presentation For Diploma And Engineering Students. Easy and Understandable Format.
Thanks. Follow & keep Presenting.
Conventional Braking System
Introduction OfRegenerative Braking System
Necessity Of The System
Elements Of Regenerative Braking System
Different Types Of Regenerative Braking System
Advantages And Disadvantages
Research Papers
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
WIND POWER GENERATION SCHEMES are Constant speed - Constant frequency systems (CSCF)
Variable speed - Constant frequency systems (VSCF)
Variable speed - Variable frequency systems (VSVF)
Magnetic levitation or maglev technology is a technique which is used to lift the objects with the help of magnetic fields. Pressure of magnetic field is used to suppress the effect of gravitational and other forces. As wind is a form of renewable source of energy, it can be used to generate electricity by converting kinetic energy into electric energy with the help of wind turbine. The advantage of maglev windmill over a convectional one is,
mechanical friction is reduce significantly as the rotor is floating in air due to levitation.
This is about magnetically levitated maglev windmill.
Subscribe My Youtube Channel For More Support....
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjI2ahxNNvYRc1X5hQIE78A
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM From KMP CollegeHIGHVOLTEEE
Today, the world is progressing at quite a fast rate with the use of the conventional sources of energy. The two major demerits of using them are the environmental pollution created by its use and its limited quantity.
On the other hand the Non-conventional sources of energy are available in plenty, free of cost and pollution free.
Many types of clean and renewable energy sources can be used in the production of electrical energy.
Wind Power Plant Presentation (Seminar PPT) Jay Sonar
Power Point Presentation On Wind Energy and Wind Turbine & Its Components. Full Seminar Presentation For Diploma And Engineering Students. Easy and Understandable Format.
Thanks. Follow & keep Presenting.
Conventional Braking System
Introduction OfRegenerative Braking System
Necessity Of The System
Elements Of Regenerative Braking System
Different Types Of Regenerative Braking System
Advantages And Disadvantages
Research Papers
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
WIND POWER GENERATION SCHEMES are Constant speed - Constant frequency systems (CSCF)
Variable speed - Constant frequency systems (VSCF)
Variable speed - Variable frequency systems (VSVF)
Magnetic levitation or maglev technology is a technique which is used to lift the objects with the help of magnetic fields. Pressure of magnetic field is used to suppress the effect of gravitational and other forces. As wind is a form of renewable source of energy, it can be used to generate electricity by converting kinetic energy into electric energy with the help of wind turbine. The advantage of maglev windmill over a convectional one is,
mechanical friction is reduce significantly as the rotor is floating in air due to levitation.
This is about magnetically levitated maglev windmill.
Subscribe My Youtube Channel For More Support....
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjI2ahxNNvYRc1X5hQIE78A
A glance into the idea of Cloud Computing and how it is implemented. The presentation takes you through the various service models of cloud computing along with the main features of Cloud Computing. It also has adequate examples for each sections making it easier for you to understand the topic.
Week 6, Posters: Type + Image
Presentation from Introduction to Graphic Design, Columbia College Chicago. Much of the content taken from readings, including the textbooks: Timothy Samara's "Design Elements" and "Design Evolution." Other references cited in presentation. Please note: many slides are intended for class discussion and might not make sense out of context.
Week 11, 15 Type Rules
Presentation from Introduction to Graphic Design, Columbia College Chicago. Much of the content taken from readings, including the textbooks: Timothy Samara's "Design Elements" and "Design Evolution." Other references cited in presentation. Please note: many slides are intended for class discussion and might not make sense out of context.
4 Creative And Challenging Tips For Poster DesignRahul Aggarwal
Do you know when were the first posters created and where? The origin of poster dates back to the mid-19th century and France was the place where they were created. From then till now, poster design has come a long way and its usage has spread nearly all over the world. Now-a-days, numerous innovations and trends are defining the design of a poster. Grown from the basic idea of advertisement for which they are designed, many challenges have attributed to the change in their design. So, basically the message to be conveyed by a poster amalgamated with its ability to reach everyone is what outlines the whole purpose of a poster design. Explore this Presentation...
Putting together an academic poster will prove to be both an art and a science. This workshop will cover both aspects of academic poster design, providing helpful hints on how to create an acadmic poster that is both eye-catching and informative.
In this session, you will learn:
a step-by-step poster design workflow
how to manage and organize images and content
artistic design strategies
various computer software tools
on and off campus printing options
Purpose: The slides provide an overview on the I.T. Security trend
Content: Summary information about the I.T. Security marketplace, including trends drivers, spending trends, industry business cases, and adoption challenges. Also included are links to additional resources.
How To Use This Report: This report is best read/studied and used as a learning document. You may want to view the slides in slideshow mode so you can easily follow the links
Available on Slideshare: This presentation (and other Trend Reports for 2017) will be available publically on Slideshare at http://www.slideshare.net/horizonwatching
Please Note: This report is based on internal IBM analysis and is not meant to be a statement of direction by IBM nor is IBM committing to any particular technology or solution.
Rough outline of the workshop and learning objectives.
- What is Poster?
- History of Poster.
- Father of the modern Poster.
- Types of Posters.
- Elements of a Poster Design.
- Principles of Design.
- How to design effective Poster.
- Poster Design Software
- Poster Design quick & basic tips
- Digital & Print version mode (ppi & dpi)
- Output file - ready process.
- Printing Process.
- Types of Paper.
- Types of Lamination.
- Fundamental of Color
> Primary Colors
> Secondary Colors
> Tertiary Colors
> Color Wheel
> Cool Color & Warm Color
- Poster Design Software
> Adobe Illustrator
> Adobe Photoshop
And lots to thing....
Generation of Electricity by mounting Wind mill on moving vehicles for safe F...theijes
In this fast world the demand for energy is ever increasing. With increase in energy production. There is heavy increase in pollution and depletion of fossil fuels they are going to extinct very soon, So the best way to save our nature and increase energy production is by using renewable energy. In this paper I am going to discuss about production of electricity through wind turbine mounted over a moving vehicle. We are implementing a very advanced H-Bridge converter for this conversion of alternate current produced by permanent magnet moving generator to direct current. The main reason for this paper is to explain about utilization of wind energy on a moving vehicle which is being wasted and to extract electricity without any fluctuations.
Train Mounting T Box for Wind Power Generationijtsrd
Today many industries are rapidly growing to the wind energy generation. Nowadays, the need of energy resources is increasing at a much faster rate. We need to capitalize all the available options to complete all our needs with ease. For this, inventions such as T BOX are very helpful. As it needs only wind from passing trains to produce the energy. Since fasting is going on for alternative forms of treatment, T box has created hope. This device introduces a new generation of wind energy generator producing very prominent in techno buffs. That's it however, it is important to remember, that the design is still in a conceptual state, so that in the future, the ‘use and maintenance of this device has not been resolved. Our evolution shows that i Constructing electricity Using the concept of rotation of wind turbine by hawking rail. ii Using air tight coat to reduce large pressure and use it to control wind flow. The mouth of casing provided with valve to control the wind flow. To provide full mechanical support to the Train. Vaghela P. M | Thorat P. D | Lakudzode K. B | Prof. Udamle S. R ""Train Mounting T-Box for Wind Power Generation"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23933.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23933/train-mounting-t-box-for-wind-power-generation/vaghela-p-m
IT INCLUDES SOLAR HIGHWAYS, VERTICAL WIND TURBINE, SPEED BUMBERS ENERGY GENERATION, REPORTS AND ARTICLES ETC... FULL PPT IS DONE BY THE STUDENTS OF MIT-WPU UNIVERSITY, KOTHRUD, PUNE...
DO LIKE AND SHARE THIS PPT
Application of energy harvesting system in hybrid automobileseSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the concept of hybrid automobile using energy harvesting system. In this work solar energy, wind energy, ambient noise and suspension energy harvesting systems have been used. The system hardware prototype has been made and its efficiency has been calculated. The proposed system can prove to be a trend changing and very efficient in this time of depleting non renewable resources. Keywords: Renewable Resources, Non-Renewable Resources, Energy Harvesting System, Hybrid Automobile.
FEA-CFD Optimization of various turbine blades in Electrifying kite modelDhaval Chauhan
Introduction to Kite power as solution to the world energy challenge
Problem Summary
Objective
Components of the kite model
Implementation
Advantages and Disadvantages
Scope for the future work
References
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Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair.pdf
Wind energy potential from highways
1. WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 1
Abstract
In this paper my effective approach is to harness electrical energy from the highways by means of Vertical axis wind turbine. The smart wind
mill consists of a stationary shaft which is mounted on the ball bearing on the top and bottom end of the shaft. The curvy darrieus blades are
connected to the two ends of the bearing which is able to rotate on its own axis. In highways the vehicles moving on two different directions
makes the wind turbine to rotate more effectively on its own axis in only one direction i.e. clockwise direction. The dynamo is connected to the
either upper part or lower part of the wind turbine which works on Fleming’s left hand rule of electromagnetic induction. The smart wind
turbine is able to rotate more effectively as a result large amount of electricity is generated by more number of Vehicles passing by. In
highways both at day as well as at night times vehicles will be moving at very high speed. So it is possible to get good efficiency as output.
When the wind power gets increased certainly the number of rotations gets increased and we can get high output as electricity. Wind power is
an alternate to fossil fuel which is plentiful, renewable widely distributed resource .Clean energy produces no greenhouse gases during its
operation and requires little land. By this method the overall cost per unit of energy produced is less than the cost of new coal, natural gas and
its installation. So the implementation can be made easier than any other methods.
Keywords––Blade design, Darrieus Blade, Green energy, Vertical Axis wind Turbine and Wind power.
I. INTRODUCTION
As the automobiles moves from highways/expressways, there
is a creation of pressure column on both the sides of the road.
This pressure column is created due to imbalance of high
pressure/low pressure energy band created by the automobiles.
Due to this pressure band wind flow and create pressure thrust.
This wind Pressure thrust depends upon the:-
a) The intensity of the traffic.
b) The size of the automobile.
c) The speed of the automobiles.
Fig1: sample picture of wind turbines installed near side highway
This Pressure thrust of wind energy can be converted into
mechanical energy with the help of small turbines placing
them just nearby these highways sides and centre
These small turbines installed on road
side by getting high pressure from winds
starts rotating. This rotational energy of
turbine can be stored in batteries and can
be utilized in any work in the form of
electricity.
These are vertical axis turbines which can be installed nearby
highways. These turbine rotates on the energy pressure created
by the nearby moving automobile. These moving turbines
produces mechanical energy in the form of rotation which can
further be used to produce electricity with the help of
generator. These turbines can be installed just near by the
highways as well as railway tracks which can useful to rotate
these turbines.
Fig 2: The model of lights glowing from the energy generated through
highways
All these turbines can be connected through each other with
the help of a common shaft can be called as drive shaft. This
drive shaft can be connected to generator with the help of gear
drive system (which can increase the speed of the drive shaft
further). Through this generator we can connect to a battery
which can store that energy for temporary basis
The wings of the turbine can be installed in between the two
paths that is on the divider or on the opposite side of the
highways. These turbine are vertical axis curved shaped
covering as large surface area as possible. This system is used
to produce electricity and use it at that place only or can be
transferred to nearby village or can be use to develop and
maintain a bio diversity or wild life sanctuary nearby.
HARNESSING ELECTRIAL ENERGY IN
HIGHWAYS BY SMART WIND MILL
Vinaykumar.K.Saunshi¹, Arun.N.Koppad²
¹Student 6th
sem Dept of Mech Engg, Sri Taralabalu Jagadguru Institute of Technology Ranebennur, Karanatka,India
²Student 6th
sem Dept of Mech Engg, Sri Taralabalu Jagadguru Institute of Technology Ranebennur, Karanatka,India
2. WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 2
There are two types of turbines
1.Horizantal axis wind turbine
2.Verticle axis wind turbine
HORIZANTAL AXIS
TURBINE
VERTICAL AXIS
TURBINE
In case of horizontal axis wind
turbine air strikes from one
direction only.
In case of vertical axis wind
turbine air strikes from both
direction.
In this turbine generator, gear
box cannot be placed on the
ground.
In this turbine generator, gear
box etc may be placed on the
ground.
In this turbine tower is essential
hence cost of investment is high.
In this turbine tower is not
essential hence cost is less.
In this turbine control system is
required.
There is no requirement of
control system which also
reduces the over cost and
frequent maintenance.
Fig. 3 horizontal axis wind turbine
Fig. 4 vertical axis turbine
II GREEN TECHNOLOGY
Energy is the Fuel for development: The global demand for energy is
rising rapidly due to massive urbanization of huge developing
countries like China and India. As we realize that fossil fuels are
going to run out, we're trying harder to develop other means of
generating the electricity on which we depend. Renewable resources,
such as solar, hydro-electric, tidal powers are particularly attractive,
although they do have drawbacks.
II. DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY
India has vast supply of renewable energy resources, even though
energy crisis has become a great bottleneck in our sophisticated life.
The total demand for electricity is expected to cross 2550,000 MW
by 2030. The electrical sector have an installed capacity of 185.5 GW
as of November 2011. The thermal power plant constitutes 65% ,
hydroelectricity has 25% and the rest is the combination of wind and
solar power. In January 2012, over 700 million citizens had no access
to electricity, and many people get electricity intermittently.
Electrical consumption as per 2012 was 130 KWh in rural areas and
300 KWh in urban areas. India is currently suffering from major
shortage for electricity. India should become one of the leading
power producers in the world, but the current technologies are not
sufficient to achieve our goal.
III. MY GREEN IDEA FOR POWER
GENERATION!
To overcome the above problem, we need to implement the new
technologies in production of energy. Smart Wind power is the
conversion of wind energy into useful form of energy such as electric
energy by using wind turbines in the middle or either sides of the
highways to generate electricity. Wind power is an alternate to fossil
fuels which is plentiful, renewable widely distributed .clean energy
produces no green house gases during its operation and requires little
land. So, we suggest that the energy can be harnessed in highways or
roadways by placing the smart wind turbine in the middle of the
highways. The smart wind turbine rotates more effectively because of
the wind power generated in the roadways due to large number of
vehicles passing at very high speed. The smart wind turbine consists
of the shaft which is mounted on the blades and the bottom end is
connected to the generator. When the wind power increases certainly
the number of rotations gets increased. So we can get large amount of
electricity for domestic purposes. In this overall cost per unit of
energy produced is less than the cost of new coal, natural gas and its
installation. So the implementation can be made easier than any other
methods.
IV. INNOVATION INVOLVED IN SMART WIND
MILL
The figure given above is my practical implementation of the smart wind
mill in the middle of the highways.
My effective innovative approach is a smart windmill which can
overcome the problems in the present wind mill and finds a new way
3. WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 3
to make use of the wasted wind power in the roadways and highways.
The smart wind mill does not occupy large acres or area to install the
plant and we need not find any new place to install the plant. And It
will not affect any birds and other creatures. Which have a main
impact of not produce any unwanted noises.
V. DESCRIPTION OF WORKING PRINCIPLE
A. Capturing wind induced by moving vehicles.
The moving vehicles may be all types of light or heavy vehicles
running on road, such as two, three, four wheelers or even bigger
vehicles. The moving vehicles could be railway train running on
railway track. The vehicles could also be aircraft moving on to the
runway, taking off or landing; when testing the propellers in the
workshops, proceeding to or standing by in the holding area before
taking off. These induces fast winds in all it direction of propagation.
B. Routing the induced wind in the direction of the wind
turbine.
If the wind is properly directed towards the wind turbine blades,
optimum electricity may be generated. The desired direction of wind
is obtained by a means for channeling wind, in the direction of the
wind turbine. Channeling of wind in a desired direction may be
obtained by, at least one truncated cone or pyramid shaped housing or
a pair of planar members converging towards the blades of the wind
turbine.
Aerodynamics is the science and study of the physical laws of the
behavior of objects in an air flow and the forces that are produced by
air flows. The shape of the aerodynamic profile is decisive for blade
performance. Even minor alterations in the shape of the profile can
greatly alter the power curve and noise level. Therefore a blade
designer does not merely sit down and outline the shape when
designing a new blade.
Fig 5. Process Involved
The aerodynamic profile is formed with a rear side, is much more
curved than the front side facing the wind. Two portions of air
molecules side by side in the air flow moving towards the profile at
point A will separate and pass around the profile and will once again
be side by side at point B after passing the profile’s trailing edge. As
the rear side is more curved than the front side on a wind turbine
blade, this means that the air flowing over the rear side has to travel a
longer distance from point A to B than the air flowing over the front
side. Therefore this air flow over the rear side must have a higher
velocity if these two different portions of air shall be reunited at point
B. Greater velocity produces a pressure drop on the rear side of the
blade, and it is this pressure drop that produces the lift.
The highest speed is obtained at the rounded front edge of the blade.
The blade is almost sucked forward by the pressure drop resulting
from this greater front edge speed. There is also a contribution
resulting from a small over-pressure on the front side of the blade.
Compared to an idling blade the aerodynamic forces on the blade
under operational conditions are very large. Most wind turbine
owners have surely noticed these forces during a start-up in good
wind conditions
.
The wind turbine will start to rotate very slowly at first, but as it
gathers speed it begins to accelerate faster and faster. The change
from slow to fast acceleration is a sign that the blade’s aerodynamic
shape comes into play, and that the lift greatly increases when the
blade meets the head wind of its own movement.
Fig 6. Aerodynamic Profile of Blade
The fast acceleration, near the wind turbines operational rotational
speed, places great demands on the electrical cut-in system that must
capture and engage the wind turbine without releasing excessive peak
electrical loads to the grid. The desired direction may be transverse or
parallel to the direction of plane of rotation of blades depending upon
the type of wind turbine used or the direction of wind, or it the design
of the wind turbines. The turbines are connected to electricity
generator to generate electricity. The generated electricity may be
used directly or stored in batteries which can be used at the time of
need.
C. Converting the energy of the wind into mechanical
energy by using wind turbine.
There are two primary physical principles by which energy can be
extracted from the wind. These are through the creation of either lift
or drag force (or through a combination of the two). Drag forces
provide the most obvious means of propulsion, these being the forces
felt by a person (or object) exposed to the wind. Lift forces are the
most efficient means of propulsion but being more subtle than drag
forces are not so well understood.
Lift is primary due to the physical phenomena known as Bernoulli’s
Law. This physical law states that when the speed of an air flow over
a surface is increased the pressure will then drop. This law is counter
to what most people experience from walking or cycling in a head
wind, where normally one feels that the pressure increases when the
wind also increases. This is also true when one sees an air flow
blowing directly against a surface, but it is not the case when air is
flowing over a surface.
D. Converting that mechanical energy into electrical
energy by using a generating device.
The generator is the unit of the wind turbine that transforms
mechanical energy into electrical energy. The blades transfer the
kinetic energy from the wind into rotational energy in the
transmission system, and the generator is the next step in the supply
of energy from the wind turbine to the electrical grid.
4. WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 4
The wind turbine may be connected to an electricity generator. The
generated electricity may to be stored in pluralities of batteries from
which energy may be used as per the need.
Fig No.7: Generator
These turbines have been designed to power small units like
compartments of train, recharging batteries, although we should
mention that it is also quite easy to imagine how a specially designed
wind turbine like this could sit on top of the train or at front and
power its engine as you cruise along on the rail/road. This wind
turbine was developed to be used as an alternative means to recharge
communications equipment too.
Fig8 . Developed power distribution
VI. DESIGN CALCULATIONS ASSUMPTIONS
1.Neglecting friction losses in all sections.
2. Vehicle moving with 93 kmh.
3. Velocity of wind is 7 m/sec.
Area of Blade
Discharge =2.5 m3/min
Velocity of Wind, V = 7 m/s
Length of blade, l =0.226 m
Breath, b = 0.077 m
Area of Blade = l x b = 0.0174 m2
Power =0.5 x p x A x V2
Power
P = 0.5 x 1.093 x 0.0174 x 73
P = 3.26 watt
P = 11.736 kWh
Torque
Torque = 11.236 = (2 x 3.14 x 300 x T)/60
T = 0.37 N-m
Calculation for Gears
N1 = rpm of driving Gear= 300 rpm
N2 = rpm of driven Gear300 x (37/19) = 584 rpm
T1 = Number of teeth on = 37
T2 = Number of teeth on= 19
Velocity Ratio = T2/T1
= 1.95
Power on D.C motor = 3.26 x 1.95
= 6.357 watt
VII. ECONOMICS AND FEASIBILITY
The cost of wind-generated electric power has dropped substantially.
Since 2004, according to some sources, the price in the United States
is now lower than the cost of fuel-generated electric power. In 2005,
wind energy cost one-fifth as much as it did in the late 1990s, and
that downward trend is expected to continue, as larger multi-
megawatt turbines are mass-produced. A British Wind Energy
Association report gives an average generation cost of onshore wind
power of around £0.032 per kWh. Most major forms of electric
generation are capital intensive, meaning that they require substantial
investments at project inception, and low ongoing costs. This is
particularly true for wind power, which have fuel costs close to zero
and relatively low maintenance costs. Wind energy benefits from
subsidies of various kinds in many jurisdictions, either to increase its
attractiveness, or to compensate for subsidies received by other forms
of production or which have significant negative externalities. It is
possible to produce electricity from wind for as little as £0.02 per
kWh, comparing with the cost of electricity from conventional
sources. However, low cost generation is only possible on the
windiest sites. Typically, electricity from wind will cost around
£0.02-0.10 per kWh depending on scale and location.
VIII. ADVANTAGES
a. The energy produce is environmental pollution free and
does not cause any harm to environment.
b. Till now the energy which is waste can be utilized in
developmental work.
c. Installation and maintenance charge is no to much high.
d. There is no damage to birds and animals.
e. Can be use to produce energy free electricity.
f. Can be use to pump water and develop a well maintained irrigation
system.
g. Can be use to develop nearby villages and make it prosperous..
h. Can be use to maintain a biodiversity, wild life sanctuary or
national park.
DISADVANTAGES
1.One turbine cannot provide sufficient power so collective turbines
are used.
2. Light vehicles do not generate more power.
3. Installation cost is high.
5. WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 5
4. Huge amount of traffic is essential.
5. If speed of vehicle is less it is in effective
IX. TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY
The wind power industry has experienced an average growth rate of
27% per year between 2000 and 2011, and wind power capacity has
doubled on average every three years. A total of 83 countries now use
wind power on a commercial basis and 52 countries increased their
total wind power capacity in 2010 (REN21, 2011). The new capacity
added in 2011 totalled 41 GW, more than any other renewable
technology (GWEC, 2012). This meant total wind power capacity at
the end of 2011 was 20% higher than at the end of 2010 and reached
238 GW by the end of 2011
Fig.09 Increase in the utilization of wind energy year by year
Europe accounted for 41% of the global installed wind power
capacity at the end of 2011, Asia for 35% and North America for
22%. The top ten countries by installed capacity accounted for 86%
of total installed wind power capacity worldwide at the end of 2011
(Figure 3.2). China now has an installed capacity of 62 GW, 24 times
the capacity they had in 2006. China now accounts for 26% of global
installed capacity, up from just 3% in 2006. Total installed capacity
at the end of 2011 in the United States was 47 GW (20% of the
global total), in Germany it was 29 GW (12%), in Spain it was 22
GW (9%) and in India it was 16 GW (7%).
Fig. 10 A graph represents the utilization of wind energy in different country
Conclusively, extensive data is collected on wind patterns
produced by vehicles on both sides of the highway. Using the
collected data, a wind turbine is designed to be placed on the
medians of the highway. Although one turbine may not provide
adequate power generation, a collective of turbines on a long
strip of highway has potential to generate a large amount of
energy that can be used to power streetlights, other public
amenities or even generate profits by selling the power back to
the grid. This design concept is meant to be sustainable and
environmentally friendly. Additionally, a wind turbine powered
by artificial wind has a myriad of applications. Theoretically any
moving vehicle can power the turbine such as an amusement
park ride. The highway wind turbine can be used to provide
power in any city around the globe where there is high vehicle
traffic.
XI. FUTURE SCOPE
1. India has wast supply of renewable energy
resources.
2. Total demand for electricity is excepted to cross
2550,000 MW by 2030. The electrical sector
have an installed capacity of 185.5GW has of
NOV 2011.
3. India is currently suffering from major shortage
for electricity. India should become one of the
leading power producers in the word, but the
current technologies are not sufficient to achieve
our goal.
4. To overcome above problem we need to
implement the new technology in the production
of energy. Smart wind power is the conversion
of wind energy in to useful form of energy such
has electrical energy by using wind turbines in
the middle are either sides of the highways to
generate electricity.
XII. REFERENCES
BOOKS
1. Yongning Chi, Yanhua Liu, Weisheng Wang, “Voltage Stability
Analysis of Wind Farm integration into
Transmission Network” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 21,
issue 1, pp. 257-264, March. 2006.
2. Poller.M.A "Doubly-fed induction machine models for stability
assessment of wind farms Power
Tech Conference Proceedings”, IEEE Bologna, Volume 3, 23-26
June 2003.
3. K. Nandigam, B.H.Chowdhury "Power flow and stability models
for induction generators used in
Wind turbines," IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,
Vol.2, 6-10 June 2004 Page:2012– 2016
4. “A method for generating electricity by capturing tunnel induced
winds” by REKHI, Bhupendra, Singh.
5. C.J. Baker (1986), “Train Aerodynamic Forces and Moments from
Moving Model Experiments”,
JOURNALS
1. Assessment Of Wind Energy Potential From Highways-
Mr.Mukesh Kumar Sharma,HOD mech engg dept Govt.
Polytechnic College, Chittorgarh (Raj.), India
2. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,
24(1986),