Southern Reconstruction 1865-1877 aimed to rebuild the South after the Civil War and establish rights for freed slaves. Key events included new amendments that freed slaves and granted citizenship and equal protection under the law, but Black Codes denied rights. Reconstruction Acts established military rule and requirements for readmitting Confederate states. However, the Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction as federal troops withdrew from the South.

1. Southern Reconstruction 1865-1877

2. Goals To explain the problems of Reconstruction To explain the three new amendments to the Constitution To explain the changes in the North and the South after the Civil War To describe the presidencies of Johnson and Grant To describe the problems free African Americans faced

3. Terms to Know: Amnesty Assassination Oath Reconstruction Black Codes Freedmen

4. The Beginning Lincoln begins his 2nd term Hopes for rebuilding the South Reconstruction Plan: a state could rejoin the union when 10% of the people took an oath to support the Union new governments could be formed slavery laws would be obeyed

5. April 14, 1965 Ford’s Theater John Wilkes Booth Lincoln Assassinated Johnson becomes President

6. Problems in the South Damage had been great plantations ruined $$ was worthless roads blocked with rubble railroads damaged few police, no judges, no courts no established governments

7. Reconstruction Rebuilding the South Andrew Johnson is the new President Johnson’s Plan Congress - Wanted to follow Lincoln’s Plans - pardoned southerners who took oath - temporary governors - Most states ratified the 13th Amendment - ended slavery - “Radical Republicans” opposed the Reconstruction Plan - “RR” wanted to punish the former Confederate States for the trouble they caused - “RR” refused to recognized the new governments

8. Black Codes New Southern Governments adopted “Black Codes” applied to African Americans “ Freedmen” were not allowed to vote, own land, work certain jobs Congress felt the south did not intend to end slavery

9. Terms to Know Due process Civil rights Impeach Misconduct Override

10. Civil Rights Act of 1866 Congress intended to reverse “Black Codes” African Americans could own property bring lawsuits marry legally

11. 14 th Amendment Proposed by Congress Gave citizenship to African Americans! Made the Bill of Rights cover all Americans “ deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person equal protection of the laws.” Did not apply to American Indians

12. Freedmen’s Bureau Started in 1865 as a temporary agency Help formerly enslaved people and white southerners establish hospitals extended in 1866 to help freedmen find jobs. opportunities for freedmen to go to school Protect the CIVIL RIGHTS of African Americans

13. Reconstruction Act of 1867 passed over the VETO of the President Military rule would be placed on those states that have not returned to the Union To be readmitted: Constitutional Convention Congress’ approval of the state’s constitution Accept the 14th Amendment

14. Tenure of Office Act Required approval from the Senate before the President could fire an appointee. Johnson vetoed Congress Overrode the veto

15. Tenure of Office Act…Cont’d President Johnson fired Edwin Stanton a cabinet member The House of Representatives charged Johnson with doing something wrong Impeach Senate failed to impeach Johnson Johnson remained president

16. The Election of 1868 Republicans General Ulysses S. Grant No political experience Famous General of the Civil War Democrats Horatio Seymour CONGRATULATIONS PRESIDENT GRANT!!! received 450,000 African American votes

17. Terms to Know Carpetbaggers Corruption Scalawag Sharecropper Tenant Farmer Segregate

18. Reshaping the South Reconstruction Acts provided for political reorganization of the South Confederate political leaders could not hold office

19. Scalawags White Southerners Controlled new politicians African Americans put in state offices

20. Carpetbaggers Northerner Elected to political office in the South Took advantage of people Made money through corruption Carried their belongings in bags

21. Plantations Could no longer use slave labor Paid LOW wages to their former enslaved people Decreased the profits of the plantation owners

22. Tenant Farming A farmer who pays rent to a plantation owner for the use of the land Paid a set price Sold crops to pay the landowner Ended up with very little Farmer Buyer Landowner Crops

23. Sharecroppers “ Shared their Crops” Owner provided seed, tools, food and supplies Crop was payment Land owner sold the crops for high prices but paid the farmers low prices. A NEW FORM OF SLAVERY HAD BEGUN

24. Other Changes to the South Discovery of iron ore, coal and limestone Lumber mills Cotton Mills Towns and cities grew States required public education for children Segregated School Whites to one - - - Blacks to one

25. Terms to Know Grandfather Clause Suffrage Ku Klux Klan Scandal Centennial

26. 15 th Amendment February 1870 Gave African-American men the right to vote Suffrage given to citizens except Women and American Indians Southerners opposed the new amendment

27. Grandfather Clause African Americans kept from voting Voting laws were passed that contained the “Grandfather Clause” any adult male could vote IF AND ONLY IF his grandfather was a registered voter on January 1, 1867

28. Problems for Africans Ku Klux Klan secret group keep African Americans from voting punish scalawags make carpetbaggers leave the South used violence

29. Problems for Grant little political training appointed friends to government jobs presidency hurt by several scandals 1872 - Grant re-elected country entered a depression

30. Election of 1876 Democrats: Samuel J. Tilden Republicans: Rutherford B. Hayes Tilden won popular vote No one won majority of electoral votes An Electoral Commission decided the election

31. Rutherford B. Hayes Hayes made a political deal Told Democratic leaders that he would end Reconstruction Hayes took office in March of 1877 All federal troops were removed from southern states RECONSTRUCTION WAS OVER!!!