The document provides information about Reconstruction from 1865-1877 following the Civil War. It discusses the devastating impacts of the war on the South including widespread destruction, the deaths of over 650,000 soldiers including one-fifth of the adult white male population in the South, and the collapse of the Southern economy. It also outlines the various plans for reconstructing the South, including Lincoln's 10% plan, the opposition from Radical Republicans, Congressional plans like the Wade-Davis Bill, the passage of the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery, and Andrew Johnson's more lenient presidential reconstruction plan following Lincoln's assassination.

1. Reconstruction1865 – 1877

2. TRUE OR FALSEOver 650,000 men died in the Civil War, but only a small number of Confederate soldiers.

3. FALSEApproximately 290,000 Confederates (over one-fifth of the South's adult white male population) died in the Civil WarMost white Southerners had suffered the loss of loved onesAfrican Americans Collecting Bones of Soldiers Killed in the Battle - Cold Harbor, VA, April 1865 (Obtained from www. civilwarphotogallery.com

4. TRUE OR FALSEMost white Southern families were able to recover their losses soon after the war ended, and rebuilt their plantations with the help of the newly freed African Americans.

5. FALSETwo-thirds of southern shipping and 9,000 miles of railroad destroyedDestruction of farmland, buildings, machinery, animals, bridges, canals, levees, roads, banks and factories Value of southern farm property plunged 70%Ruins of Depot, Blown up on Sherman's Departure – Atlanta GA, 1864 (Obtained from www. civilwarphotogallery.com

6. TRUE OR FALSEMost Northerners were aware of the conditions in the South but did not do much to assist with the rebuilding efforts and the relief for newly freed African Americans.

7. TRUENorthern magazine and newspaper correspondents wrote stories about the conditions of the South – battlefields, trenches, plantations, etc.Federal government did a little to assist the needyThe South harbored deep feelings of hatred toward the North, manifesting later with black codesAlfred R. Waud, Artist of Harper's Weekly, Sketching on Battlefield - Gettysburg, PA, July 1863 (Obtained from www. civilwarphotogallery.com)

8. Brainstorming ActivityHow should the nation be reconstructed?

9. WARTIMERECONSTRUCTION

10. Lincoln’s Reconstruction PlanBegan postwar planning in 1863Ten Percent Plan:State to hold a constitutional convention, hold elections, and resume participating in the Union, only after 10% of voters in the state had sworn allegiance to the UnionOffered a pardon to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept federal policy on slavery

11. Lincoln’s Reconstruction PlanTen Percent Plan (Cont’d):Denied pardons to all Confederate military and government officials, and southerners who had killed African American war prisonersNo requirement for voting rights for African AmericansDid not readmit southern states to the Union since in Lincoln’s view, the secession had not been constitutional

12. Opposition to Lincoln’s Plan Lincoln’s Plan opposed by Radical Republicansgoal of Goal of Reconstruction to guarantee black people true equalityWade-Davis Act (1864)Stricter Reconstruction PlanRequired oath of past and future loyalty and to swear that they had never willingly borne arms against the United States (pocket vetoed by President Lincoln)Senator Benjamin Wade(R-OH)Congressman Henry Davis(R-MD)

13. Thirteenth Amendment“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”Approved in the Senate on April 8, 1864, and the House on January 31, 1865 (ratified in December, 1865)

14. Lincoln’s AssassinationAssassination of Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865

15. Lincoln’s AssassinationBox in Ford's Theater where Lincoln was Assassinated onApril 14, 1865

16. Lincoln’s AssassinationExecution of the four persons condemned asconspirators (Mary E. Surratt, Lewis T. Powell, David E. Herold, and George A. Atzerodt), July 7,1865

17. PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION

18. Andrew JohnsonBorn poor in North Carolina, Johnson grew up to be a tailorLearned to read and write with his wife’s help, and later entered politics in TN as a Democrat (governor and Congressman)Did not like rich plantation owners, and had strong support of poor white SouthernersThe only southern senator who remained in Congress after secession

19. Johnson’s Reconstruction PlanPardoned southerners who swore allegiance to the UnionAllowed states to hold constitutional conventions (without allegiance requirement)Required states to void secession, abolish slavery, and ratify the Thirteenth AmendmentAllowed states to participate in elections after fulfilling these requirements

20. Johnson’s Reconstruction PlanSimilar to Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan, but more generous to the SouthOfficially denied pardons to high-ranking Confederate leaders, but Johnson often issued pardons to those who personally requested themIn 1835, Johnson pardoned 13,000 southerners