Plants have families with different parts that each have important jobs. Flowers attract insects and birds to help make seeds, stems carry water and nutrients, roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil, and leaves make food through photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food and oxygen. Plants can be classified by their structure, root type, stem type, and whether they produce seeds or spores.

1. What are plants?

2. What can you see in this picture?
It’s a family

3. Do you know that plants have family too?
- Plants have green leaves, stems, roots & flowers.

4. - Each & every part “member” in the plant has
its own function “job” which is very important
for the plant’s growth & survival.
(As each family member has a job to do
everyday; father goes to work, mother cooks
food, children go to school & study)

5. -Flowers have bright colors
that attract insects & birds
that drink the nectar.
- They make the seeds (inside
the fruits).
{They act like magnets as their
bright colors attract birds to drink
the nectar}
(1) Flowers

6. (2) Stems
- Stems take water & nutrients
from the roots to all the plant
parts.
- Stems hold the plants upright.
(A tree’s stem is called: Trunk)
{They act like pipes that carry
water to our homes as they carry
water to all plant parts}

7. (3) Roots
- Roots absorb “take” the water
& nutrients from the soil & give
them to the stem.
- Roots fix the plants in the soil.
{They act like a sponge that takes
in water from the soil, they also
act like an anchor that fix the boat
in the water}

8. (4) Leaves
- Leaves make the food for the
plant through a process called:
“Photosynthesis process”
{They act like the chef who cooks
food, as they are responsible for
making plant’s food}

9. - Every day you eat 3 meals:
“Breakfast in the morning”
“Lunch in the afternoon”
“Dinner At night”
- Plants also make 1 meal everyday
which is called: Photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis process?

10. Photosynthesis process
- It is the process in which the plants “leaves”
use sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air &
water & nutrients from the soil to make their
food.

11. In photosynthesis process:
+ ++
{Plants use carbon dioxide, sunlight , water & nutrients
to make photosynthesis then, oxygen & food are
released
+ Nutrients
Sugar

12. Now, let’s take a closer look at the
leaf

13. The structure of the leaf
Cuticle
Upper epidermis
Chloroplast
Stomata
Lower epidermis

14. (1) Cuticle:
• It is the waxy layer that coats the surface of
the leaf to protect the leaf from losing too
much water.
{It’s like a cover “coat” for the leaf that keeps the
leaf moist & protect it from becoming dry on a
very sunny day}

15. (2) Upper epidermis:
• It is the outer layer of the leaf that protect it
from damage.
{It’s like our skin that protect us from any damage,
plants have an outer layer “epidermis” that protect
it from any damage}

16. (3) Chloroplast:
• It gives the leaf its green color & it contains
chlorophyll that absorb sunlight in photosynthesis
process “makes food for plants”.
{It’s like the food factory of the plant}

17. (4) Stomata:
• It opens & closes letting carbon dioxide in &
oxygen out during photosynthesis.
{It act like our mouth “open & close to help us to
breath in oxygen & breath out carbon dioxide”}

18. Do you think that all plants look the
same like each others?
• Of course not, plants are so different from
each others.
• So let’s classify “divide” the plants according
to:

19. (1) Structure
A- Plants with leaves, stems & roots:
Example:
Trees

20. B- Plants with no leaves, stems or roots:
Example:
Mosses Worts

21. (2) Types of roots
A- Plants with tap roots: “Looks like a cone”
Example:
Beet root Carrot Radish

22. A- Plants with fibrous roots: “Looks like hairs”
Example:
Grass Cactus

23. (3) Types of stems
A- Plants with woody stems: “hard”
Example:
Trees Shrubs

24. A- Plants with soft stems:
Example:
Tulips Flowers

25. (4) Seeds
A- Seed plants:
- They produce new plants from seeds.
Example:
Apple trees Violet trees

26. B- Seedless plants:
- They produce new plants from spores.
“not from seeds”
(When spores are released & fall in the soil, then
they grow into new plants)
Example:
Horsetails Mosses Ferns