The document explains the function and types of control units in a CPU, highlighting their role in directing data flow and managing instruction execution. It details five types of control units: hardwired, microprogrammed, single- and multi-bus, pipeline, and centralized vs. decentralized, each with distinct characteristics and advantages. The control unit's core functions include fetching, decoding, executing instructions, data movement, and issuing control signals.

1. UNDERSTANDING
CONTROL UNITS
and its types
By
Muhammad Shafiullah
Ahmed Akhtar
Ahsan Raza

2. Von Neumann Architecture??

3. What is a Control Unit?
• The Control Unit:
1. Directs the flow of data and instructions within the central
processing unit,
2. Managing the execution of operations to perform tasks
specified by a program.
3. It oversees the fetching, decoding, and execution of instructions,
ensuring proper coordination of the CPU's components.
•It manages and directs how instructions are executed.
Simply:

4. Functions of a Control Unit
1.Fetchin
g:
Get instructions
from memory.
2.Decoding
: Understand
what each
instruction
means.
3.Executio
n: Make the
computer
follow the
instructions.
4. Data
Movement:
Move data
between
different parts of
the computer.
5. Control
Signals:
Give signals to
coordinate
actions.

5. Types of Control Units:
1. Hardwired Control Unit:
2. Microprogrammed Control Unit:
3. Single- and Multi-Bus Control Unit:
4. Pipeline Control Unit:
5. Centralized and Decentralized Control
Units:

6. 1.Hardwired Control Unit
• Uses fixed circuits for control logic.
• The control logic is directly implemented using electronic
circuits.
• Fast execution but less flexible.

7. 2.Microprogrammed Control Unit
• Uses stored instructions for flexibility.
• The control logic is stored in memory as
microinstructions.
• More flexible but slightly slower than hardwired
control.

8. 3.Single- and Multi-Bus Control
Unit
• Single-bus uses one bus for data transfer.
• Multi-bus uses multiple buses for data transfer.
• Multi-bus architectures enhance data transfer
efficiency.

9. 4.Pipeline Control Unit
• Divides instruction execution into stages for speed.
• Different stages of instructions are executed
simultaneously.
• Improves overall processing speed.

10. 5.Centralized and Decentralized
Control Units
• Centralized has a single control unit managing all instructions.
• Decentralized may have multiple control units, each handling
specific tasks.
• Provides flexibility in task management.

11. Thankyou.