The document discusses several metals that are important for industrial use: copper, lead, zinc, mercury, magnesium, and titanium. Copper has been used for thousands of years in bronze and brass production. Lead and zinc often occur together in the same ore veins, with Russia and Australia being major producers. Mercury is the only metal found in liquid form naturally, with the Philippines having deposits of the mercury-containing mineral cinnabar. Magnesium and titanium are both light but strong metals used in industrial applications like aluminum. Gold and silver are also found in the Philippines in placer deposits or as flakes and nuggets.
The document discusses various non-ferrous metals, including their properties and common applications. It describes how aluminum, titanium, magnesium and refractory metals are used in structural applications requiring strength and heat resistance. It also explains that precious metals like gold, silver and platinum are chosen for electrical applications, jewelry and their luster, while base metals such as copper, tin, zinc, chromium and nickel are often used for plating, coatings and alloys to imbue other materials with properties like conductivity, corrosion resistance and hardness.
This document discusses various ferrous and non-ferrous metals used in construction. It describes steel as a primary structural building material that forms the skeleton of a building. Stainless steel is highlighted as an alloy of iron, carbon, chromium, nickel, and magnesium known for its corrosion resistance and attractive appearance due to chromium. The document also mentions aluminum, brass, copper, and lead as common non-ferrous metals used in secondary building elements and decorative applications.
1. A blast furnace forces a mixture called a charge of iron ore, coke, and limestone through extremely hot air.
2. Chemical reactions take place as the charge moves down the furnace, resulting in molten pig iron and slag tapping out the bottom for further processing.
3. Ferrous metals like cast iron and steel are produced, with cast iron containing 2-4.5% carbon and being hard but brittle, while suitable for complex shapes.
Properties of materials
Types and applications of Ferrous and Nonferrous metals
Timber
Abrasive material
Silica
Ceramics
Glass
Graphite
Diamond
Plastic
Polymer
The document discusses the production of ferrous metals like iron and steel. It begins with an overview of the three main ingredients - iron ore, coke, and limestone - that are fed into a blast furnace to produce molten iron or pig iron. The pig iron can then undergo further processing through cupola furnaces or Bessemer converters to produce cast iron or steel. Continuous casting is also discussed, which involves pouring the molten metal directly into molds to produce shapes like blooms, slabs, and billets.
This document provides information on non-ferrous metals. It begins by defining non-ferrous metals as metals that do not contain iron. Examples of non-ferrous metals given include aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, lead, silver, gold, and magnesium. The document then provides details on these different non-ferrous metals, including their properties, common uses, and melting points. It also discusses non-ferrous metal alloys such as brass, bronze, and solder. In addition, the document covers electroplating and anodizing as surface treatment processes for metals.
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals Production with Casting and Forging Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals Production with Casting and Forging (Aluminium Alloys, Copper Alloys, Magnesium Alloys, Welding and Joining Processes, ARC Welding Processes, Electrode coating, Spot Welding, Allied Processes, Electron Beam Welding, Structural Mills, Forging, Metal Casting processes, Foundry Processes, Tube Mills, Extrusion and Drawing, Surface cracking, Metallic Bond, Water Rinsing, Laser Welding, Projection Welding, Basic Oxygen Furnace, Ferrous Metals, Pig Iron, Manganese, Carbon, Alloy Steel, Wrought Iron )
In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is a metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron (ferrite) in appreciable amounts. Generally more expensive than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc). Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries.
Market Outlook
Global consumption of primary aluminium ingots during the period January to December 2015 (CY2015) increased to ~57.7 million metric tonnes (MMT) from ~54.3 MMT in CY2014, reflecting a growth rate of ~6.4%. However, consumption growth during H2CY2015 was lower, at ~4.2%. Primary aluminium demand during the second half was adversely impacted by consumption of the prevailing stock of semi-finished and finished products in the market. Consumption growth of primary aluminium metal remained at a similar level of ~4.2% in the first quarter of the current calendar year as well.
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Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
How to Start Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Industry in India, Most Profitable Copper Production Business Ideas, Pig Iron Processing Projects, Small Scale Aluminium Manufacturing Projects, Starting a Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Business, How to Start a Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metal Production Business, Ferrous Metals Based Small Scale Industries Projects, New small scale ideas in special welding processing industry, NPCS, Niir, Process technology books, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Project identification and selection, Preparation of Project Profiles, Startup, Business guidance, Business guidance to clients, Startup Project for Ferrous, Non-Ferrous Metals, Startup Project, Startup ideas, Project for startups, Startup project plan, Business start-up, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Great Opportunity for Startup, Small Start-up Business Project,
The document discusses several metals that are important for industrial use: copper, lead, zinc, mercury, magnesium, and titanium. Copper has been used for thousands of years in bronze and brass production. Lead and zinc often occur together in the same ore veins, with Russia and Australia being major producers. Mercury is the only metal found in liquid form naturally, with the Philippines having deposits of the mercury-containing mineral cinnabar. Magnesium and titanium are both light but strong metals used in industrial applications like aluminum. Gold and silver are also found in the Philippines in placer deposits or as flakes and nuggets.
The document discusses various non-ferrous metals, including their properties and common applications. It describes how aluminum, titanium, magnesium and refractory metals are used in structural applications requiring strength and heat resistance. It also explains that precious metals like gold, silver and platinum are chosen for electrical applications, jewelry and their luster, while base metals such as copper, tin, zinc, chromium and nickel are often used for plating, coatings and alloys to imbue other materials with properties like conductivity, corrosion resistance and hardness.
This document discusses various ferrous and non-ferrous metals used in construction. It describes steel as a primary structural building material that forms the skeleton of a building. Stainless steel is highlighted as an alloy of iron, carbon, chromium, nickel, and magnesium known for its corrosion resistance and attractive appearance due to chromium. The document also mentions aluminum, brass, copper, and lead as common non-ferrous metals used in secondary building elements and decorative applications.
1. A blast furnace forces a mixture called a charge of iron ore, coke, and limestone through extremely hot air.
2. Chemical reactions take place as the charge moves down the furnace, resulting in molten pig iron and slag tapping out the bottom for further processing.
3. Ferrous metals like cast iron and steel are produced, with cast iron containing 2-4.5% carbon and being hard but brittle, while suitable for complex shapes.
Properties of materials
Types and applications of Ferrous and Nonferrous metals
Timber
Abrasive material
Silica
Ceramics
Glass
Graphite
Diamond
Plastic
Polymer
The document discusses the production of ferrous metals like iron and steel. It begins with an overview of the three main ingredients - iron ore, coke, and limestone - that are fed into a blast furnace to produce molten iron or pig iron. The pig iron can then undergo further processing through cupola furnaces or Bessemer converters to produce cast iron or steel. Continuous casting is also discussed, which involves pouring the molten metal directly into molds to produce shapes like blooms, slabs, and billets.
This document provides information on non-ferrous metals. It begins by defining non-ferrous metals as metals that do not contain iron. Examples of non-ferrous metals given include aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, lead, silver, gold, and magnesium. The document then provides details on these different non-ferrous metals, including their properties, common uses, and melting points. It also discusses non-ferrous metal alloys such as brass, bronze, and solder. In addition, the document covers electroplating and anodizing as surface treatment processes for metals.
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals Production with Casting and Forging Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals Production with Casting and Forging (Aluminium Alloys, Copper Alloys, Magnesium Alloys, Welding and Joining Processes, ARC Welding Processes, Electrode coating, Spot Welding, Allied Processes, Electron Beam Welding, Structural Mills, Forging, Metal Casting processes, Foundry Processes, Tube Mills, Extrusion and Drawing, Surface cracking, Metallic Bond, Water Rinsing, Laser Welding, Projection Welding, Basic Oxygen Furnace, Ferrous Metals, Pig Iron, Manganese, Carbon, Alloy Steel, Wrought Iron )
In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is a metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron (ferrite) in appreciable amounts. Generally more expensive than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc). Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries.
Market Outlook
Global consumption of primary aluminium ingots during the period January to December 2015 (CY2015) increased to ~57.7 million metric tonnes (MMT) from ~54.3 MMT in CY2014, reflecting a growth rate of ~6.4%. However, consumption growth during H2CY2015 was lower, at ~4.2%. Primary aluminium demand during the second half was adversely impacted by consumption of the prevailing stock of semi-finished and finished products in the market. Consumption growth of primary aluminium metal remained at a similar level of ~4.2% in the first quarter of the current calendar year as well.
See more
https://goo.gl/jZy2qv
https://goo.gl/fSIHG7
https://goo.gl/AAsBY5
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
How to Start Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Industry in India, Most Profitable Copper Production Business Ideas, Pig Iron Processing Projects, Small Scale Aluminium Manufacturing Projects, Starting a Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Business, How to Start a Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metal Production Business, Ferrous Metals Based Small Scale Industries Projects, New small scale ideas in special welding processing industry, NPCS, Niir, Process technology books, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Project identification and selection, Preparation of Project Profiles, Startup, Business guidance, Business guidance to clients, Startup Project for Ferrous, Non-Ferrous Metals, Startup Project, Startup ideas, Project for startups, Startup project plan, Business start-up, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Great Opportunity for Startup, Small Start-up Business Project,
The document discusses ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals contain iron while non-ferrous metals do not. It provides examples of common ferrous metals like steel alloys and non-ferrous metals like aluminum and copper. It then describes characteristics and common uses of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, noting ferrous metals are strong but prone to rust while non-ferrous metals are lighter, more corrosion-resistant and non-magnetic. Mild steel specifically is discussed as being ductile, malleable and commonly used in building structures.
Ferrous and non ferrous metals, Engineering materialsSuyog Lokhande
Ferrous metals are metals that contain mostly iron and are prone to rusting and magnetism. Typical ferrous metals include mild steel, cast iron, and steel. Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron, are not magnetic, and do not rust in the same way when exposed to moisture, with examples being copper, aluminum, tin, and zinc. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals have various common uses and properties described in the document.
Aluminium and Aluminium Downstream Projects
(Aluminum Extrusion Profiles & Sections , Metal, Aluminum Products, Cans, Sheet, Extruded Products, Profiles, Doors, Windows, Aluminium Alloys, Tubes and Bars, Round Bars, Channels, Angles, Coils, Bars, Extruded Rods, Sheets, Foil, Automized Aluminium Powder, Aluminium Furniture, Aluminium House Hold Utensils, Aluminium Wire Drawing / Wire Mesh Plant, Anodic Aluminium Labels, Aerosol Cans)
Aluminium is a silvery-white, ductile metallic element, the most abundant in the earth's crust but found only in combination, chiefly in bauxite. Aluminum occurs naturally in many foods in low concentrations and is also present in many pharmaceuticals and drinking water. Refer to Aluminum Reaction for its reaction to Water, Oxygen & Acids. High levels in the body can be toxic. Having good conductive and thermal properties, it is used to form many hard, light, corrosion-resistant alloys.
See more
https://goo.gl/u12xgf
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https://goo.gl/mJp2eR
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Aluminium Production Process, How Aluminium is Produced, Aluminum Manufacturing, Process of Manufacturing in Aluminium Industry, Aluminium Manufacturing Process, Manufacturing Process of Aluminium, Aluminium Production, Aluminium Making Process, Project Profile on Aluminium Powder, Production of Aluminium, Manufacture of Aluminium, How to Start Aluminium Manufacturing Business, Profitable Aluminium Manufacturing Business Ideas & Opportunities, Manufacturing Business of Aluminium, Start Your Own Aluminium Manufacturing Business, Aluminium Manufacture, Starting Aluminium Manufacturing Business, Aluminium Manufacturing Plant, Aluminium Manufacturing Unit, Aluminium Production Plant, Aluminium Downstream Industry, Aluminum Downstream Project Report, Project Report for Aluminium Extrusion Plant, Aluminium Extrusion Process, Project Report on Aluminium Industry, Aluminium Extrusion Plant, Aluminium and Aluminium Products, Aluminum Products Manufacturing, Aluminum and Aluminum Products Manufacturing, Aluminum Products Manufacture, Making Aluminum Foil, Aluminium Foil Manufacturing Plant, Aluminium Foil, Manufacturing of Aluminium Foils, Aluminium Foil Manufacturing, Aluminium Foil Manufacturing Project Report, Aluminium Foil Production, Aluminium Foil Making, Aluminium Foil and Packaging, Project Report on Aluminium Foil Production, Aluminium Processing Industry, Aluminium Foil Manufacture, Production Process of Aluminium Foils, Aluminium Alloy from Virgin Metal, Aluminium Alloy from Scrap and Virgin Metal, Aluminium Alloy from Scrap and Virgin Metal Project Report, Aluminium Alloy
This document provides information on important engineering materials. It discusses metals including ferrous metals like steel and cast iron, and non-ferrous metals like aluminum, copper, lead, tin, and nickel. It also covers non-metallic materials like wood, ceramics, and abrasives. For each material, the document outlines key properties and applications in engineering.
Ferrous metals are metals that contain iron, such as steel which is an alloy of iron and carbon. The amount of carbon determines the properties and applications of different types of ferrous metals. Pig iron contains a high amount of carbon (2-4%) and is very hard and brittle. It is used to make steel. Cast iron also contains 2-4% carbon and is strong under compression. Wrought iron contains a very low amount of carbon and is tough and malleable. Steel contains 0.15-1.5% carbon and includes low, medium, and high carbon varieties with different properties. Alloy steels like stainless steel add other elements like chromium for improved properties such as corrosion resistance. Fer
This document provides an overview of aluminium, including its discovery, properties, production processes, applications, grades, and the aluminium market. It discusses that aluminium is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust. The production process involves mining bauxite ore, refining alumina, and smelting alumina into aluminium. Major applications include transportation, packaging, and construction. China is the leading producer and consumer of aluminium globally. The document also compares aluminium to steel, noting advantages such as aluminium's lighter weight and better corrosion resistance. It outlines both the benefits and limitations of aluminium, as well as recent developments and future aspects of the aluminium industry.
This document discusses various types of metals used in construction, including their properties and uses. It begins by defining metals and providing examples of light and heavy metals. It then covers the classification of metals into ferrous and non-ferrous types. Considerable detail is provided about the extraction and processing of iron from iron ore using the blast furnace process to produce pig iron and subsequently wrought iron, cast iron, and steel. The properties and applications of these ferrous metals in construction are outlined. Non-ferrous metals such as aluminum are also briefly discussed.
General discussion on classification, uses of stainless steels, various causes for different problems, failures and rejects related to Stainless Steels, analysis, remedies / cures for such defects.
This document discusses ferrous metals, which include iron, steel, and their alloys. It describes the production of pig iron through the blast furnace process and its uses. Pig iron can be further processed into cast iron and wrought iron. Steel is also discussed, which contains 0.1-1.5% carbon and is produced through various processes including the Bessemer process. The properties and applications of these ferrous metals are explained.
This document provides information about metals, including ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It discusses various metal types and their properties, uses, and melting points. Key metals mentioned include steel, cast iron, high carbon steel, high speed steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, lead, silver, gold, magnesium, brass, bronze and solder. The document also covers metal shapes and metals used in everyday objects like bicycles.
Civil engineering deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure like roads, bridges, buildings, and water systems. Ferrous metals contain iron and are magnetic, while non-ferrous metals do not contain iron and are not magnetic. Common ferrous metals include mild steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, and cast iron. Common non-ferrous metals include aluminum, copper, brass, silver, and lead. Ferrous metals like mild steel, carbon steel, and cast iron are widely used in engineering and construction due to their strength and magnetic properties. Non-ferrous metals have applications as well due to properties like corrosion resistance, conductivity, and light weight.
Stainless steel wikipedia, the free encyclopediaramthecharm
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium, and possibly nickel that resists corrosion and staining. It contains a minimum of 10.5% chromium, which allows a thin invisible oxide film to form on the steel's surface, protecting it from rust and corrosion. This film reforms when scratched or damaged, making stainless steel durable and low-maintenance. Stainless steel is used in applications such as appliances, cutlery, transportation and architecture where its corrosion resistance and attractive appearance are beneficial.
This document provides information on aerospace-grade aluminum alloys 6061 and 2024, including their chemical compositions, typical mechanical properties, specifications, and characteristics. Alloy 6061 is the most versatile and least expensive, with good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and workability. It can be fabricated and welded using many common techniques. Alloy 2024 has high strength and fatigue resistance, making it suitable for applications requiring a good strength-to-weight ratio, though it has relatively poor corrosion resistance and welding is not recommended. Typical applications for each alloy are also outlined.
The document discusses non-ferrous metals and focuses on aluminium. It defines metals and classifies them as ferrous and non-ferrous. For aluminium, it describes its properties, common uses in construction, how it is extracted from bauxite ore and manufactured, and why it is widely used in the building industry due to properties like durability, flexibility, strength to weight ratio, and recyclability.
This document provides an overview of various engineering materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. It discusses several categories of ferrous alloys such as cast irons, carbon/low alloy steels, tool steels, and maraging steels. It also summarizes nonferrous alloys including aluminum alloys, and provides examples of applications for different material types and alloys.
The document discusses different types of metals, including low, medium, and high carbon steels. It then discusses copper, its properties and applications. Copper is used for electrical conductors and is corrosion resistant. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, while tin bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, often with zinc or phosphorus added. Aluminum is discussed last, noting its light weight but lower strength compared to steel, unless aluminum alloys are used. Aluminum is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
Sheets Metal used in Manufacturing ProcessRishabh Singh
Presentaion is on how sheets metal are used in manufacturing process.
You get to know about how many types of steels are there and what are there types.
More than than it contains information about metals used in metallurgy.
This document provides an overview of the business processes of Namo Alloys Pvt. Ltd., an Indian manufacturer of non-ferrous metal alloys. It describes the company's materials department, which receives raw scrap metal, performs incoming inspections, and sorts scrap into different categories through processes like sieving and hand sorting. The sorted scrap is then sent to the manufacturing department for melting and alloying to produce ingots.
Alloy steel is steel that contains other alloying elements in addition to carbon. Common alloying elements include manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, and boron. Alloy steel has improved properties over carbon steel such as higher tensile strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, creep resistance, and high temperature resistance. These properties make alloy steel suitable for applications in automotive, engineering, construction, agriculture, home goods, and military uses. Production of alloy steel has been increasing to meet the demands of growing industries such as automotive and engineering.
This document discusses different types of bronze alloys, including their compositions and common applications. It describes aluminum bronze, phosphor bronze, silicon bronze, magnesium bronze, nickel brass, and copper nickel alloys. Each alloy contains varying amounts of metals like copper, tin, aluminum, nickel, and silicon. Their compositions give each alloy unique properties making them suitable for different industrial uses like marine equipment, valves, pumps, and electronics.
Ferrous and non ferrous Metals Engineering.pptArfanAli50
This document discusses ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals contain iron, such as cast iron, wrought iron, steel, and stainless steel. Non-ferrous metals contain little to no iron, including aluminum, bronze, brass, copper, and lead. The document provides details on the composition and applications of various metals.
The document discusses ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals contain iron while non-ferrous metals do not. It provides examples of common ferrous metals like steel alloys and non-ferrous metals like aluminum and copper. It then describes characteristics and common uses of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, noting ferrous metals are strong but prone to rust while non-ferrous metals are lighter, more corrosion-resistant and non-magnetic. Mild steel specifically is discussed as being ductile, malleable and commonly used in building structures.
Ferrous and non ferrous metals, Engineering materialsSuyog Lokhande
Ferrous metals are metals that contain mostly iron and are prone to rusting and magnetism. Typical ferrous metals include mild steel, cast iron, and steel. Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron, are not magnetic, and do not rust in the same way when exposed to moisture, with examples being copper, aluminum, tin, and zinc. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals have various common uses and properties described in the document.
Aluminium and Aluminium Downstream Projects
(Aluminum Extrusion Profiles & Sections , Metal, Aluminum Products, Cans, Sheet, Extruded Products, Profiles, Doors, Windows, Aluminium Alloys, Tubes and Bars, Round Bars, Channels, Angles, Coils, Bars, Extruded Rods, Sheets, Foil, Automized Aluminium Powder, Aluminium Furniture, Aluminium House Hold Utensils, Aluminium Wire Drawing / Wire Mesh Plant, Anodic Aluminium Labels, Aerosol Cans)
Aluminium is a silvery-white, ductile metallic element, the most abundant in the earth's crust but found only in combination, chiefly in bauxite. Aluminum occurs naturally in many foods in low concentrations and is also present in many pharmaceuticals and drinking water. Refer to Aluminum Reaction for its reaction to Water, Oxygen & Acids. High levels in the body can be toxic. Having good conductive and thermal properties, it is used to form many hard, light, corrosion-resistant alloys.
See more
https://goo.gl/u12xgf
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https://goo.gl/mJp2eR
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Aluminium Production Process, How Aluminium is Produced, Aluminum Manufacturing, Process of Manufacturing in Aluminium Industry, Aluminium Manufacturing Process, Manufacturing Process of Aluminium, Aluminium Production, Aluminium Making Process, Project Profile on Aluminium Powder, Production of Aluminium, Manufacture of Aluminium, How to Start Aluminium Manufacturing Business, Profitable Aluminium Manufacturing Business Ideas & Opportunities, Manufacturing Business of Aluminium, Start Your Own Aluminium Manufacturing Business, Aluminium Manufacture, Starting Aluminium Manufacturing Business, Aluminium Manufacturing Plant, Aluminium Manufacturing Unit, Aluminium Production Plant, Aluminium Downstream Industry, Aluminum Downstream Project Report, Project Report for Aluminium Extrusion Plant, Aluminium Extrusion Process, Project Report on Aluminium Industry, Aluminium Extrusion Plant, Aluminium and Aluminium Products, Aluminum Products Manufacturing, Aluminum and Aluminum Products Manufacturing, Aluminum Products Manufacture, Making Aluminum Foil, Aluminium Foil Manufacturing Plant, Aluminium Foil, Manufacturing of Aluminium Foils, Aluminium Foil Manufacturing, Aluminium Foil Manufacturing Project Report, Aluminium Foil Production, Aluminium Foil Making, Aluminium Foil and Packaging, Project Report on Aluminium Foil Production, Aluminium Processing Industry, Aluminium Foil Manufacture, Production Process of Aluminium Foils, Aluminium Alloy from Virgin Metal, Aluminium Alloy from Scrap and Virgin Metal, Aluminium Alloy from Scrap and Virgin Metal Project Report, Aluminium Alloy
This document provides information on important engineering materials. It discusses metals including ferrous metals like steel and cast iron, and non-ferrous metals like aluminum, copper, lead, tin, and nickel. It also covers non-metallic materials like wood, ceramics, and abrasives. For each material, the document outlines key properties and applications in engineering.
Ferrous metals are metals that contain iron, such as steel which is an alloy of iron and carbon. The amount of carbon determines the properties and applications of different types of ferrous metals. Pig iron contains a high amount of carbon (2-4%) and is very hard and brittle. It is used to make steel. Cast iron also contains 2-4% carbon and is strong under compression. Wrought iron contains a very low amount of carbon and is tough and malleable. Steel contains 0.15-1.5% carbon and includes low, medium, and high carbon varieties with different properties. Alloy steels like stainless steel add other elements like chromium for improved properties such as corrosion resistance. Fer
This document provides an overview of aluminium, including its discovery, properties, production processes, applications, grades, and the aluminium market. It discusses that aluminium is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust. The production process involves mining bauxite ore, refining alumina, and smelting alumina into aluminium. Major applications include transportation, packaging, and construction. China is the leading producer and consumer of aluminium globally. The document also compares aluminium to steel, noting advantages such as aluminium's lighter weight and better corrosion resistance. It outlines both the benefits and limitations of aluminium, as well as recent developments and future aspects of the aluminium industry.
This document discusses various types of metals used in construction, including their properties and uses. It begins by defining metals and providing examples of light and heavy metals. It then covers the classification of metals into ferrous and non-ferrous types. Considerable detail is provided about the extraction and processing of iron from iron ore using the blast furnace process to produce pig iron and subsequently wrought iron, cast iron, and steel. The properties and applications of these ferrous metals in construction are outlined. Non-ferrous metals such as aluminum are also briefly discussed.
General discussion on classification, uses of stainless steels, various causes for different problems, failures and rejects related to Stainless Steels, analysis, remedies / cures for such defects.
This document discusses ferrous metals, which include iron, steel, and their alloys. It describes the production of pig iron through the blast furnace process and its uses. Pig iron can be further processed into cast iron and wrought iron. Steel is also discussed, which contains 0.1-1.5% carbon and is produced through various processes including the Bessemer process. The properties and applications of these ferrous metals are explained.
This document provides information about metals, including ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It discusses various metal types and their properties, uses, and melting points. Key metals mentioned include steel, cast iron, high carbon steel, high speed steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, lead, silver, gold, magnesium, brass, bronze and solder. The document also covers metal shapes and metals used in everyday objects like bicycles.
Civil engineering deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure like roads, bridges, buildings, and water systems. Ferrous metals contain iron and are magnetic, while non-ferrous metals do not contain iron and are not magnetic. Common ferrous metals include mild steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, and cast iron. Common non-ferrous metals include aluminum, copper, brass, silver, and lead. Ferrous metals like mild steel, carbon steel, and cast iron are widely used in engineering and construction due to their strength and magnetic properties. Non-ferrous metals have applications as well due to properties like corrosion resistance, conductivity, and light weight.
Stainless steel wikipedia, the free encyclopediaramthecharm
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium, and possibly nickel that resists corrosion and staining. It contains a minimum of 10.5% chromium, which allows a thin invisible oxide film to form on the steel's surface, protecting it from rust and corrosion. This film reforms when scratched or damaged, making stainless steel durable and low-maintenance. Stainless steel is used in applications such as appliances, cutlery, transportation and architecture where its corrosion resistance and attractive appearance are beneficial.
This document provides information on aerospace-grade aluminum alloys 6061 and 2024, including their chemical compositions, typical mechanical properties, specifications, and characteristics. Alloy 6061 is the most versatile and least expensive, with good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and workability. It can be fabricated and welded using many common techniques. Alloy 2024 has high strength and fatigue resistance, making it suitable for applications requiring a good strength-to-weight ratio, though it has relatively poor corrosion resistance and welding is not recommended. Typical applications for each alloy are also outlined.
The document discusses non-ferrous metals and focuses on aluminium. It defines metals and classifies them as ferrous and non-ferrous. For aluminium, it describes its properties, common uses in construction, how it is extracted from bauxite ore and manufactured, and why it is widely used in the building industry due to properties like durability, flexibility, strength to weight ratio, and recyclability.
This document provides an overview of various engineering materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. It discusses several categories of ferrous alloys such as cast irons, carbon/low alloy steels, tool steels, and maraging steels. It also summarizes nonferrous alloys including aluminum alloys, and provides examples of applications for different material types and alloys.
The document discusses different types of metals, including low, medium, and high carbon steels. It then discusses copper, its properties and applications. Copper is used for electrical conductors and is corrosion resistant. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, while tin bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, often with zinc or phosphorus added. Aluminum is discussed last, noting its light weight but lower strength compared to steel, unless aluminum alloys are used. Aluminum is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
Sheets Metal used in Manufacturing ProcessRishabh Singh
Presentaion is on how sheets metal are used in manufacturing process.
You get to know about how many types of steels are there and what are there types.
More than than it contains information about metals used in metallurgy.
This document provides an overview of the business processes of Namo Alloys Pvt. Ltd., an Indian manufacturer of non-ferrous metal alloys. It describes the company's materials department, which receives raw scrap metal, performs incoming inspections, and sorts scrap into different categories through processes like sieving and hand sorting. The sorted scrap is then sent to the manufacturing department for melting and alloying to produce ingots.
Alloy steel is steel that contains other alloying elements in addition to carbon. Common alloying elements include manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, and boron. Alloy steel has improved properties over carbon steel such as higher tensile strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, creep resistance, and high temperature resistance. These properties make alloy steel suitable for applications in automotive, engineering, construction, agriculture, home goods, and military uses. Production of alloy steel has been increasing to meet the demands of growing industries such as automotive and engineering.
This document discusses different types of bronze alloys, including their compositions and common applications. It describes aluminum bronze, phosphor bronze, silicon bronze, magnesium bronze, nickel brass, and copper nickel alloys. Each alloy contains varying amounts of metals like copper, tin, aluminum, nickel, and silicon. Their compositions give each alloy unique properties making them suitable for different industrial uses like marine equipment, valves, pumps, and electronics.
Ferrous and non ferrous Metals Engineering.pptArfanAli50
This document discusses ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals contain iron, such as cast iron, wrought iron, steel, and stainless steel. Non-ferrous metals contain little to no iron, including aluminum, bronze, brass, copper, and lead. The document provides details on the composition and applications of various metals.
Metals can be classified as ferrous or non-ferrous. Ferrous metals contain iron and include steel, cast iron, and stainless steel. They are used widely in construction and industry. Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron and include aluminum, copper, lead, tin, zinc, cadmium, chromium, and others. Each metal has different physical properties and common applications. For example, copper is used for electrical wiring and plumbing due to its high conductivity, while lead is commonly used for roofing and pipes.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS (PPT1).pptxShuchiGupta39
Ferrous metals are metals that contain iron as their main constituent. The principal raw material used to produce ferrous metals is pig iron. Some key ferrous metals include mild steel, cast iron, and wrought iron. Mild steel contains 0.1-0.3% carbon and is used for engineering purposes, nuts and bolts, and building structures. Cast iron contains 2-6% carbon, is hard but brittle, and used for machine parts and brakes. Wrought iron contains no carbon, is tough and malleable, and used for bars, bolts, and railway equipment.
The document discusses various metals and their common uses. It describes steel as the most commonly used metal and its applications in structures. Stainless steel is listed as a mixture of steel and chromium that does not rust. High speed steel is a material used for cutting tools that can withstand high temperatures without losing hardness. Cast iron is a mixture of iron and carbon used in parts that require high strength under compression like engine blocks.
4.1 Copper and its alloys - brasses, bronzes Chemical compositions, properties and Applications.
4.2 Aluminium alloys –Y-alloy, Hindalium, duralium with their composition and
Applications.
4.3 Bearing materials like white metals (Sn based), aluminium bronzes. Porous, Self lubricating bearings
The document discusses various metals, including their properties and common applications. Aluminum is lightweight and corrosion resistant, used for boat hulls, car bodies, and other components. Copper is moderately strong, a good conductor, and used for roofing and heat exchangers when alloyed. Tin, lead, zinc, magnesium, lithium, titanium, nickel, and chromium are also outlined with brief descriptions of their characteristics and typical uses.
Steel is an alloy of iron with carbon, along with other elements. It has high tensile strength and low cost, making it useful for buildings, infrastructure, tools, vehicles, appliances, and more. Mild steel contains less than 0.25% carbon. Stainless steel contains at least 10% chromium and 8% nickel. Common uses of steel include construction, vehicles, machinery, and packaging. The construction industry is a major consumer of steel.
This document provides information on ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It discusses the main types of ferrous metals which contain iron like steels, cast iron and wrought iron. It also discusses different types of steels based on their carbon content. Non-ferrous metals discussed include aluminum, lead, and copper. The document also mentions other non-ferrous metals and common alloys like brass and bronze. It provides details on the composition, properties and applications of these various metals.
Iron is a metal that readily oxidizes in the presence of oxygen and moisture. It is obtained commercially from iron ores like magnetite, hematite, goethite, and limonite through chemical reduction. Iron can be alloyed with other metals like carbon and silicon to form steels with modified properties. Some key forms of commercial iron include pig iron with 3.5-4.5% carbon, cast iron with 2-4% carbon and silicon, and wrought iron with less than 0.25% carbon. Iron finds applications in construction, machinery, transportation, appliances and as the central atom in hemoglobin.
This document discusses copper and its alloys. It describes how copper alloys are classified as ferrous or nonferrous based on their iron content. Key copper alloys discussed include brass, which is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze, which is a copper-tin alloy. The document outlines the phase diagrams and properties of copper-zinc and copper-aluminum alloys. It also discusses how alloying elements like zinc, tin, aluminum, and nickel are used to improve the mechanical properties of copper. Examples of applications for different copper alloys like brass and bronze are provided.
This document provides an overview of non-ferrous metals, including their properties and common uses in construction. It discusses important non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, copper, zinc, bronze, tin, nickel, and lead. For each metal, the document outlines typical properties, examples of architectural applications, and current pricing of common forms (e.g. sheeting, pipes, fixtures). Case studies are presented on innovative uses of materials like aluminum composite panels and zinc cladding.
The document discusses non-ferrous alloys, beginning with an introduction on the limitations of ferrous alloys and advantages of using non-ferrous alloys. It then covers various non-ferrous metals and their alloys including copper and copper alloys like brass and bronze, aluminum and aluminum alloys, magnesium and magnesium alloys, and titanium and its alloys. For each metal/alloy, it describes common compositions, properties, and applications. It also discusses bearing materials and includes detailed information on composition and uses of various copper, aluminum, and magnesium alloys.
Lead is a metallic gray metal with high density, good corrosion resistance, and low strength. It has many useful properties including density, malleability, lubricity, and electrical conductivity. Lead is commonly alloyed with other metals like antimony, tin, calcium, and copper to improve properties. Common lead alloys include antimony-lead, tin-lead, calcium-lead, and copper-lead. Major applications of lead and its alloys are in lead-acid batteries, ammunition, cable sheathing, and construction materials.
Tool steels are steels primarily used for manufacturing tools. They must withstand high loads and be stable at high temperatures. There are several types of tool steels including high-speed, hot-work, cold-work, shock-resistant, mold, special-purpose, and water-hardening steels. Each has specific applications like stamping, machining, forging, or molding depending on their hardness, strength, and temperature resistance. Tool steels are classified by AISI standards which designate composition and intended use.
Tool steels are steels primarily used for manufacturing tools. They must withstand high loads and be stable at high temperatures. There are several types of tool steels including high-speed, hot-work, cold-work, shock-resistant, mold, special-purpose, and water-hardening steels. Each has specific applications like stamping, machining, forming, or molding depending on their hardness, toughness, and temperature resistance. Tool steels are classified by AISI standards which designate composition and intended use.
Presentation 1 - Uses of various steel in Construction.pptxnarayanch1979
This document discusses various types of steel used in civil engineering projects. It begins by describing the characteristics of metals in general. It then discusses different types of steel including pig iron, cast iron, wrought iron, mild steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel, and high tension steel. For each type of steel, the document outlines their chemical composition, properties, and common applications in civil engineering such as construction, tools, and reinforced concrete.
This document provides information on steel and stainless steel. It discusses the composition of steel as an alloy of iron and carbon, and stainless steel as containing a minimum of 10.5% chromium. It describes the properties and applications of different types and grades of steel and stainless steel, including in construction materials, appliances, transportation, infrastructure, and more. It also discusses the manufacturing process for steel and provides examples of architectural and structural uses of stainless steel.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...Travis Hills MN
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
4. Uses
lMilitary, aircrafts, commercial, industrial and manufacturing
lapplications
lCoins,
lTurbines and pipes
lBlades
lJewelry
lCooking (Cutlery, whisks etc.)
5. Bronze
lAlloy consisting primarily of copper and tin
lAddition of other metalloid and non-metals also
lOccasionally added substances: aluminum, manganese,
lnickel, zinc, arsenic, phosphorus and silicon.
lUses: construction of sculptures, musical instruments, medals,
lBushings and bearings
6. Steel
lAlloy mainly containing iron and carbon
lMost common alloy used
lOccasionally added substances: nickel, chromium,
lmolybdenum, vanadium, silicon, and boron
lUses: construction, engineering, agriculture and the
lmanufacture of cars, and computers
7. Brass
lMade of copper and zinc
lSimilar to Bronze
lOccasionally added substances: arsenic, lead, phosphorus,
laluminum, manganese, and silicon.
lUses: fittings (fasteners and connectors), tools, appliance
lparts, and ammunition components.
8. Pewter
lUsually contains tin and copper
lOccasionally added substances: antimony, copper, bismuth
land silver.
lUses: dishes, church vessels, decorative items etc.