welfare of livestock is important burning area now a days regarding management of livestock to meet out their comfort during rearing practices

1. ANIMAL WELFARE: CONCEPT,
PRINCIPLES AND ISSUES
DR. MANOJ KUMAR SINGH
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF LPM, COVAS, SVPUAT, MEERUT,
UTTAR PRADESH

2. Indian culture believes: cows are sacred (worshipping cows
and treating them better than themselves).
They also allow cows to defecate in their homes in order to
be blessed

3. OVERVIEW
 Concept ofAnimal Welfare
 Principles ofAnimal Welfare
 Needs ofAnimal welfare
 Animal Welfare Issues
 Animal Welfare legislation
 Animal welfare standards
 Animal Welfare Organizations
 Role of Veterinarian inAnimal Welfare
 Future Strategies

4.  1964—Ruth Harrison authors Animal
Machines, which described modern
intensive farming practices in Great Britain
“Life in the factory farm revolves
entirely around profits, and animals
are accessed purely for their ability
to convert food into flesh or
‘saleable products.’”
 Public/industry conflict
 Science proposed as solution (Brambell
Committee)

5. The World Organisation for Animal Health(WOAH)
 Formerly the Office International des Epizooties
(OIE), is an intergovernmental organization
coordinating, supporting and promoting animal
disease control
 Head office: Paris

6. Concept of Animal Welfare
 Animal welfare means how an animal is coping with the conditions in which it
lives.
An animal is in a satisfactory state of wellbeing when it is healthy, comfortable, well
nourished, safe, able to express its innate behaviour, and if it is not suffering from
unpleasant states such as pain, fear and distress.(OIE)
 The welfare of an individual is its state as regards its attempts to cope with its
environment.(BROOM, 1986)
 An animal in good state of welfare is: -
• healthy, well nourished
•Comfortable, safe
•Not suffering from unpleasant state such as pain, fear, and distress
•Able to express natural behavior
 Good AW requires disease prevention and veterinary treatment, appropriate
shelter, management, nutrition, humane handling and humane slaughter and
killing.

7. Cont…
 The concept ofAnimal Welfare is a multidimensional concept.
 The concept of Animal Welfare includes the physical health, the
emotional state and the behaviour of the animals.
 The physical health, includes the absence of disease and injury,
adequate feeding, and physical and thermal comfort.
 The emotional state, includes both the absence of negative
emotions(such as pain, fear and distress) and the presence of
positive ones.
 The behaviour state, express behaviours that have positive effects
on the health or the emotional state of the animal.

8. Animal Rights, Ethics and Welfare
 Animal rights: the rights of animals to live free from human
exploitation and abuse.
 Animal ethics: examines human-animal relationship, the moral
consideration of animals and how nonhuman animals ought to be
treated.
 Animal welfare: is the well being of non human animals.
 Welfare science considers effects of humans on the animal
 Welfare ethics considers human actions towards animals
 Welfare legislation considers how humans must treat animals

9. Principles of animal welfare
 Animals must be provided water, food, proper handling, health care, and an
environment appropriate to their care and use, with thoughtful consideration
for their species typical biology and behavior.
 Animals should be cared for in ways that minimize fear, pain, stress, and
suffering.

10. 1.Freedom from Hunger and Thirst – by ready access to fresh water
and a diet to maintain full health and vigour.
2.Freedom from Discomfort – by providing an appropriate environment
including shelter and a comfortable resting area.
3.Freedom from Pain, injury or Disease – by prevention or rapid
diagnosis and treatment.
4.Freedom to Express Normal Behaviour – by providing sufficient
space, proper facilities and company of the animal’s own kind(if appropriate).
5.Freedom from Fear and Distress – by ensuring conditions and
treatment which avoid mental suffering.

11. Importance of animal welfare
 Animal welfare is important to meet production because poor animal
welfare is associated with poor animal production or health, and
because consumer’s concerns may influence market access.

12. Needs for Animal welfare
 The need for a suitable environment
 The need for suitable diet
 The need to exhibit normal behavioural patterns
 The need to be housed with or apart from other animals
 The need to be protected from pain, suffering and disease

13. Causes of poor Animal Welfare
 An animal’s welfare will be poor if comfort, health and life sustaining needs
are not met.
 LACK OF FOODAND WATER:
Malnutrition: being underweight or lacking something they need in their diet.
Dehydration: not having enough to drink while working or resting.
 DISEASEAND INJURY:
Lameness: being unable to walk normally and having pain in their limbs.
Parasites: being infected with parasites inside or on their body.
Body wounds: having an open lesion on their body.
 HARSH ENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONS:
Working underage: carrying heavy loads before their body can cope with the
weight.
Heat stress: becoming overheated which can lead to death if left untreated.
Overworking and exhaustion: experiencing extreme fatigue and other
conditions.

14. Cont…
 BEHAVIOUR PROBLEMSAND RESTRICTIONS
Fear or distress: having bad experience with humans or in their surrounding.
Apathy and depressive behaviour: not showing interest in their
surrounding.
Restricted movement: feeling uncomfortable or not being able to move
freely.
Limited natural behaviour: not being able to run, groom, roll or graze.
 POOR MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Bad housing conditions: having no shelter or shade, or being tied badly by
their legs.
Bad hoof condition: having overgrown, broken or unbalanced feet.
 RESOLUTION
We work with animal owners and users, service providers and policy makers
to find sustainable solutions towards their long term welfare.

15. Steps for Animal Welfare
STEP1: No cages, No crates, No crowding
STEP 2: Enriched Environment
STEP3: Enhanced OutdoorAccess
STEP4: Pasture Centred
STEP5:Animal Centred; all physical alteration prohibited
STEP5+:Animal Centred; entire life on same farm

16. Animal welfare issues
Key issues in the area of animal welfare include animal testing, living conditions in
zoos, wildlife conservation, and treatment of animals in the food industry.
 Animal testing
 Abandoned pets
 Behavioural enrichment
 Beating an animal
 Cruelty to animals
 Cosmetic testing on animals
 Dragging downed crippled cattle
 Failing to provide shelter
 Hunting
 Habitat loss and climate change
 Irresponsible dog breeding
 Overpopulation in companion animals
 Poaching
 Throwing baby dairy calves
 Starving an animal
 Shackling and hoisting an animal prior to ritual slaughter

17. Some Animal Protection Laws
 The Prevention of Cruelty toAnimalsAct, 1960
 The Prevention of Cruelty to Draught and PackAnimals Rules, 1965
 The Transport ofAnimals Rules, 1978
 The Prevention of Cruelty toAnimals(Slaughter House) Rules, 2001
 TheAnimal Birth Control(Dogs) Rules, 2001
 The Prevention and Control of Infectious and Contagious Diseases in
AnimalsAct, 2009
 CPCSEA(The Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of
Experiments onAnimals), 1991: chapter 4, section 15(under PCAAct,1960)
 Wildlife ProtectionAct, 1972

18. Animal Welfare Standards
 The first OIE standards on animal welfare were published in the
Terrestrial Code in 2004 and in theAquatic Code in 2008, respectively.
 They are regularly updated as scientific knowledge evolves, and new
standards are developed to cover different aspects of welfare.
 The first OIE standards on animal welfare addressed animal transport,
the slaughter of animals, and killing for disease control purposes.
 Subsequently, other standards included the use of animals in research
and education, stray dog population control and the welfare of working
equids.
 The OIE’s most recent work on animal welfare standards has been in
relation to production systems for beef and dairy cattle and broiler
chickens.

20. What can we do for animal welfare
Educate your friends and family about the issues
Be a responsible pet/livestock owner
Report animal cruelty, abuse or neglect
Ask for birthday donations
Volunteer at your local animal shelter
Adopt animals from shelters
Speak up
Be kind to animals of all ages
Spread the word

21. Cont…
 EnsuringAnimal Welfare is a human responsibility that includes consideration
for all aspects of animal well being, including:
 Proper housing
 Management
 Nutrition
 Disease prevention and treatment
 Responsible care
 Humane handling
 Humane euthanasia, when necessary

22. Get actively involved:
 Have your local strays sterilized and vaccinated against Rabies
 Speak up against atrocities on animals. Learn how to book FIR’s, collect
evidence for prosecution
 Campaign to help prevent mass scale cruelty to animals
 Provide food, water and shelter for local wild birds and homeless animals

23. Be an informed and conscious consumer
 Demand humane practices in the handling of animals
 Always look at the label before you buy, use or wear something
 Never use cosmetics tested on animals
 Try going vegan or vegetarian for a week
 Choose available alternatives that haven’t exploited animals e.g.
Pleather vs. leather

24. Practice to be Eco Friendly
 Avoid the use of poisons in the home and garden; use non toxic
alternatives
 Plant trees that feed local birds and animals
 Recycle garbage, and avoid the use of plastic disposables
 Carry your own water bottle and shopping bag to avoid plastic ones
 The three R’s:
 Reduce
 Reuse
 Recycle

25. Pet Animal Welfare
 Pet Animal Welfare Society (PAWS), recognized by Animal Welfare Board of
India is worked for welfare of PetAnimals.
Founded : 1998
Located : Delhi
Ongoing Programs : ABC(Animal Birth Control)
SoS(Save our Strays)
Purpose : To make people aware about the care, management and nutrition of pet
and stray animals.

26. Farm animal welfare
 We work with farmers to improve animal welfare and keep animals in
an environment where they can behave naturally.
 Farm animal welfare : the benefits
 Raising animals humanely can use less feed, fuel and water than
intensive farming, reducing costs and pollution
 Humane farms can create jobs, boost profits, and keep local food
supplies healthy
 By farming crops and livestock, humane farms can reduce
environmental damage – recycling nutrients, and improving the soil
 Greenhouse gas emission are often reduced when animals are healthy
and have good welfare

27. Draught Animal Welfare
 Draught animals may suffer in a variety of ways throughout their working life.
 Animals are often goaded by beating, to make them carry loads beyond their
capacity or work longer hours.
 Sick and injured animals may be put to work.
 The state of health of draught animals is poor, as they are not fed adequately to
replenish the energy required for work.
 Implements, carts and other devices may be attached to animals by ill-fitting
harnesses, thus causing unnecessary pain, neck injuries often lead to callosity or
cancer.
 Most of this suffering could be reduced through the application of technology
and management.
 Draught animals have been replaced by mechanical power in advanced
countries.

28. Animal Welfare Organizations
 Animal welfare organizations are concerned with the health, safety
and psychological wellness of individual animals.
 These organizations include animal rescue groups and wildlife
rehabilitation centres, which care for animals in distress and
sanctuaries, where animals are brought to live and be protected for
the rest of lives.
 Their goals are generally distinct from conservation organizations,
which are primarily concerned with the preservation of species,
populations, habitats, ecosystems and biodiversity, rather than the
welfare of individual animals.
 The World Society for the Protection of Animals is an important
organization that helps endangered animals across the world.

29. Services provided by the animal welfare organisations are:
 Protection to animals
 Provides shelter to them
 Provides medical facilities to the animals
 Proper care
 Provide security to the animals
 Safety to the animals

30. Worldwide Animal Welfare Organization
WWF(World Wide Fund for Nature)
Founded : 1961
Headquarter : Switzerland
PETA(People for the Ethical Treatment ofAnimals)
Founded : 1980
Headquarter : United States
WAZA(WorldAssociation of Zoos andAquariums)
Founded : 1935
Headquarter : Spain
PASA(PanAfrican SanctuaryAlliance)
Founded : 2000
Headquarter : United States

31. Cont…
IFAW(International Fund forAnimal Welfare)
Founded : 1969
Headquarter : United States
RSPCA(Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty toAnimals)
Founded : 1981
Headquarter :Australia
FA
WC(FarmAnimal Welfare Committee)
Founded : 1979
Headquarter : London, UK
ASPCA(American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty toAnimals)
Founded : 1866
Headquarter : United States

32. Animal Welfare Organizations in India
Animal Welfare Board of India
Founded : 1962
Headquarter : Ballabhgarh, Haryana
Indian National Kennel Club
Founded : 1957
Headquarter : Mumbai
Motto : Dogs for a good life,Agood life for dogs
National Commission on Cattle
Founded : 2002
Headquarter : New Delhi
People forAnimals
Founded : 1992
Headquarter : New Delhi

33. NIAW(National Institute of Animal Welfare)
NIAW is a division of the Ministry of Fisheries,Animal Husbandry and
Dairying(Department ofAnimal Husbandry and Dairying) in India.
It is located in Ballabhgarh, Haryana.
Objectives:
NIAW has been conceptualized as an apex body in the field ofAnimal
Welfare.
Its objective is to create an enabling environment for fulfillment of the
statutory requirements as laid down in the Prevention of Cruelty toAnimals
Act, 1960.
It provides training and education on various subjects related toAnimal
Welfare including animal management, behavior and ethics.

34. Animal Welfare Board of India
 Animal welfare board of India is set up in India in 1962 in accordance
with section 4 of PCAact 1960.
 Founder: Rukmini DeviArundale
 It is functioning under the ministry of environment and forest.
 Its headquarter is at Ballabhgarh in Haryana, previously based at
Chennai.
 The board consist of 28 members appointed by Govt. of India.
 AWBI receive funds as per the budget provisions made in each 5 year
plan .
 AWBI gives recognition to all the animal welfare organization of our
country.

35. Schemes implemented by AWBI
1.Provision ofAmbulance service to animals in distress
2.Animal Birth Control and Immunization
3. Protection during calamity and unforeseen circumstances
4. Shelter house for animals

36. NGOs for Animal Welfare
 People For Animals(PFA)- Across India, India’s largest animal welfare
organization with a nationwide network of 26 hospitals, PFA works to ‘rehabilitate
and rescue sick and needy animals’.
 Animal Aid Unlimited- Udaipur, Rajasthan, Started in 2002, it is a rescue centre
dedicated to treating ill or injured stray animals; and has rescued over 65,000
animals till date.
 Wildlife SOS India- UP(Mathura and Agra), Established in 1995, the organization
works towards protecting the indian wildlife and protecting their natural habitat.
 Red Paws Rescue- Delhi, Started as an initiative by a 17 year old girl, it aims to
provide ethical treatment to abandoned animals.
 Visakha Society for Protection and Care of Animals(VSPCA India)-
Visakhapatnam, AP Since 1996, VSPCA has been working towards stopping the
illegal trade of internationally protected sea turtle, rescuing old and abandoned
animals, and providing permanent homes to neglected or abused animals.

37. Cont…
 Sanjay Gandhi Animal Care Centre(SGACC)- Delhi, Founded in 1980, SGACC
is India’s and Asia’s largest all-animal shelter, and home to over 3,000 animals at
any given point.
 Stray Relief and Animal Welfare India(STRAW)- Delhi, With the motto to
support ‘animal welfare through education’.
 Help In Suffering- Jaipur, Rajasthan, Offers free and quality medical care to both
domesticated and street animals.
 The Blue Cross of India- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Rescuing animals since 1964,
home to all creatures who have been abandoned or abused and are injured or
disabled.
 The Bombay Society For The Prevention Of Cruelty To Animals(BSPCA)-
Mumbai, Since 1874, prevent cruelty to animals.
Compassion Unlimited PlusAction(CUPA)- Bangalore, Karnataka
InternationalAnimal Rescue Goa- Goa, since 1998
Posh Foundation- Noida, UP

38. NGOs for Animal Welfare in Rajasthan
 Animals Home Society – Jodhpur
 Voice of Voiceless – Pali
 People forAnimals – Sirohi
 Aashray Rescue and Relief Shelter – Jaipur
 Help in SufferingAnimal Shelter – Jaipur
Founded : 1980
HIS runs animal welfare projects like: Camel Project – Jaipur
Camel Rescue Centre – Bassi
Animal Birth Control Programme
ABC Extension Projects
Rescue and Re-homing Programme
 Jaipur SPCA
 Jodhpur SPCA
 Bikaner SPCA

39. Cont…
 LPPS (Lokhit Pashu Palak Sansthan)
 Since 1996, LPPS has been working with the camel pastoralists of Rajasthan.
 Lokhit Pashu Palak Sansthan means ‘Welfare organization for livestock keepers’.
 LPPS has its base in Sadri in Rajasthan.
 LPPS was formed at the request of Raika camel breeders, who wanted better access to
veterinary care for their camels.
 Its work continues to be inspired and shaped by its close association with the camel
pastoralist communities of Rajasthan.
 LPPS and the Raika camel pastoralists of Rajasthan have been at the forefront of
global efforts to integrate pastoralist cultures into the modern world.

40. Cont …
 AAU(AnimalAid Unlimited)
 AAU founded in 2002, is an Indian animal rescue organization, based in Udaipur
city of Rajasthan.
 AAU rescue and treat animals that are sick, injured, stuck or in need of urgent
medical aid and attention.

41. Recent cases of animal cruelty in India
 Acouple of cases of cruelty towards animals have come to light in past few
weeks.
 The most recent of all incidents of cruelty that have taken place this year,
are that of killing of a pregnant elephant from Kerala, a pregnant cow
from Himachal Pradesh and a jackal from Tamil Nadu.
These have the same method used to seriously injure/kill them.
 In all three cases, the poor animals were fed explosive covered with some
kind of edibles.

42. Role of veterinarian in animal welfare
 Today’s veterinarians are the only doctors educated to protect the health of
both animals and people.
 They work hard to address the health and welfare needs of every species of
animal.
 Veterinarians also play critical roles in environmental protection, research,
food safety, and public health.
 Veterinary engagement in animal welfare must encompass a wide range of
activities, including, but not limited to(OIE, 2008): -
1. Veterinary daily practices.
2. Veterinary advocacy to animal owners.
3. Education and promotion of animal welfare to the public.
4. Animal welfare scientific research.
5. Drafting animal welfare legislations and participating in programs and
projects.
6. Collaboration with other interested parties on animal welfare.

43. Strategies to improve Animal Welfare
 4 PILLARS OFTHE STRATEGY
 Development ofAnimal Welfare Standards
 Capacity Building and Education
 Communication with Governments, Organisations and the Public
 Implementation ofAnimal Welfare Standards and Policies
 STRATEGIES
1. Establishment of a forum
2. Development and implementation of science based animal welfare standards
3. Encouraging and supporting the ongoing development, evolution and
implementation of REGIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE
STRATEGIES(RAWS)
4. Strengthening of national veterinary services
5. Broadening the horizons and strengthening relationship between animal
welfare science and other areas of sciences