In this lecture, the approaches for breeding soundness evaluation of bulls are explained for veterinary students, practitioners, and aspirants of IAS, RAS, and other examinations.
Cattle and Mare reproductive system differencesmbilalanwar
information about rep. system of mare and cow included there functions and differences.
also included about abnormalities (freemartin calf) and artificial insemination technique animation.
An overview of the internal organs of the female chicken is shown in figures and number of different systems are represented and they will be discussed individually.Contents:
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Skeletal system
Muscle system
Reproductive system - female
Reproductive system - male
Circulatory system
Nervous system
Excretory system
Immune system
An overview of the internal organs of the female chicken is shown in Figure 3.1. A
number of different systems are represented and they will be discussed individually.
In this lecture, the approaches for breeding soundness evaluation of bulls are explained for veterinary students, practitioners, and aspirants of IAS, RAS, and other examinations.
Cattle and Mare reproductive system differencesmbilalanwar
information about rep. system of mare and cow included there functions and differences.
also included about abnormalities (freemartin calf) and artificial insemination technique animation.
An overview of the internal organs of the female chicken is shown in figures and number of different systems are represented and they will be discussed individually.Contents:
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Skeletal system
Muscle system
Reproductive system - female
Reproductive system - male
Circulatory system
Nervous system
Excretory system
Immune system
An overview of the internal organs of the female chicken is shown in Figure 3.1. A
number of different systems are represented and they will be discussed individually.
Overview of epigenetics and its role in diseaseGarry D. Lasaga
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression (active versus inactive genes) that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence — a change in phenotype without a change in genotype — which in turn affects how cells read the genes.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression (active versus inactive genes) that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence — a change in phenotype without a change in genotype — which in turn affects how cells read the genes. - [https://www.whatisepigenetics.com/fundamentals/]
Author of this presentation: The University of Western Australia
Introduction Artificial Intelligence a modern approach by Russel and Norvig 1Garry D. Lasaga
In computer science, artificial intelligence, sometimes called machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals. - Wikipedia
In computer science, artificial intelligence, sometimes called machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals. - Wikipedia
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans. Some of the activities computers with artificial intelligence are designed for include: Speech recognition, Learning, Planning and Problem solving - [Source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/190/artificial-intelligence-ai]
The epithelium lining the respiratory tract from the nasal fossa through the bronchi is called the respiratory mucosa and is characterized by a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium with abundant non-ciliated cells known as goblet cells. - [Source: medcell.med.yale.edu/histology/respiratory_system_lab.php]
Structurally, the skin consists of two layers which differ in function, histological appearance and their embryological origin. The outer layer or epidermis is formed by an epithelium and is of ectodermal origin. ... The skin and its appendages together are called the integumentary system. - [Source: Blue Histology - Integumentary System]
The lymphatic system consists of organs, ducts, and nodes. It transports a watery clear fluid called LYMPH distributes immune cells and other factors throughout the body.
Gene regulation is how a cell controls which genes, out of the many genes in its genome, are "turned on" (expressed). Thanks to gene regulation, each cell type in your body has a different set of active genes – despite the fact that almost all the cells of your body contain the exact same DNA. These different patterns of gene expression cause your various cell types to have different sets of proteins, making each cell type uniquely specialized to do its job. [Source: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/gene-regulation/gene-regulation-in-eukaryotes/a/overview-of-eukaryotic-gene-regulation]
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a small circular molecule that codes for some proteins in the respiratory chain and RNA molecules involved in translation of these proteins inside mitochondria. Mitochondria have their own DNA and express their genes to produce proteins active in the electron transport chain. However, most of the proteins they need are encoded in the nucleus of the cell. They need to import most of their proteins to function.
Alterations in the DNA code, such as changing a letter, deleting a letter, inserting a letter or moving sections aroun proteins with abnormal functions.
If these abnormal functions cause the cell to grow, divide, ignore regulatory signals or assume new functions, cancers can develop
Fortunately, normal cells are good at repairing mistakes should they occur and have multiple systems for ensuring that the DNA co transmitted to its two daughter cells when it divides. Normal cells even have suicide programs if the mistakes are beyond repair, a p death, known as apoptosis. [Source: https://www.loxooncology.com/genomically-defined-cancers/genomic-alterations]
The study of nucleic acids began with the discovery of DNA, progressed to the study of genes and small fragments, and has now exploded to the field of genomics. Genomics is the study of entire genomes, including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a species and with other species. The advances in genomics have been made possible by DNA sequencing technology. [Source: https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/10-3-genomics-and-proteomics/]
DNA cloning is the process of making multiple, identical copies of a particular piece of DNA. In a typical DNA cloning procedure, the gene or other DNA fragment of interest (perhaps a gene for a medically important human protein) is first inserted into a circular piece of DNA called a plasmid.- [https://www.khanacademy.org/science/...dna.../dna-cloning.../a/overview-dna-cloning]
DNA and RNA molecules are linear polymers built from individual units called nucleotides connected by bonds called phosphodiester linkages. DNA and RNA are used to store and pass genetic information from one generation to the next.
"The body maintains a balance of acids and bases in order to constantly maintain blood pH within a narrow range, despite the continuous generation of metabolic products. In turn, this allows the body to maintain cell enzyme systems in good operation conditions, together with the proper concentration of ionized (active) forms of various electrolytes such as Ca and Mg . This influences the speed of metabolic reactions and trans-membrane transportation systems (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics)." - Luis Núñez Ochoa, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Unam, Mexico
Production Performance and Management Practices of Philippine Native Pigs in ...Garry D. Lasaga
Recently, there has been a proliferation of studies that deals with the major topic on the Conservation, Improvement and Profitable Utilization of the Philippine Native Pigs. One of the main reasons why there is an influx of research on native pigs is because there is a need to promote one of the government’s aim to the country, w/c is ultimately POVERTY ALLEVIATION.
African Swine Fever: Nature, Impacts and Threats to the Global Pig Industry Garry D. Lasaga
In August 2018, African Swine Fever (ASF), one of the world’s most feared swine infection made headlines as it hit for the first time ever, the world’s largest pig producer – China. This review paper summarizes the current state of knowledge and very recent updates on ASF.
Swine Production Performance Monitoring Data for 2014 - Dr. Arturo CaludGarry D. Lasaga
This is the 2014 Swine Production Performance Monitoring Data among participating commercial swine farms in the Philippines as provided by Dr. Arturo Calud.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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23. Species Seminal Prostate Cowper's
Vesicles
Bull No Clot Material
Ram No Clot Material
Boar Gel
Stallion Mucous
Dog No Clot Material
Human Clot Clot-Enzyme
Accessory Gland Secretions
32. The Penis
Species Sigmoid Type Erectile Glans
Flexure Tissue
Bull yes FE + Glans
Ram yes FE + Glans
Boar yes FE + not distinct
Stallion no MV +++ Large Glans
Dog no MV +++ Large Glans
Cat no MV +++ Large Glans+
Spines
Human no MV +++ Large Glans
33. Erection and Ejaculation Characteristics
Male Speed Ejac. Semen Sperm Sperm
Erection Time Vol. Conc. Num.
bull rapid short medium med.-high medium
ram rapid short small high medium
boar rapid long large low high
stallion slow moderate large low medium
dog slow long large low low
cat slow moderate small high low
human slow moderate medium low low
Large Testes = high sperm numbers
Large accessory glands = large volume of the ejaculate with lower
concentration of sperm