The document discusses the behavioral implications of livestock management and welfare, emphasizing the importance of understanding animal behavior as an indicator of health and welfare. It explores various types of behaviors, including social, agonistic, ingestive, and body care behaviors, and their relationship with animal welfare, while highlighting the necessity for proper housing and management practices to enhance welfare. Additionally, it suggests that monitoring behavior can help identify issues and improve overall livestock management.

1. BEHAVIOURAL IMPLICATION OF
LIVESTOCKS FOR BETTER
MANAGEMENT AND WELFARE
SUBMITTED BY
SUCHISMITA PRADHAN

2. Behaviour
Behavioural pattern
Types of behaviour
Social , Agonistic , Ingestive ,Body care ,Thermoregulatory behaviour
Reproductive behaviour
Abnormal behaviour ( causes and their control )
Animal welfare (5 freedom )
Welfare issues and legislation
Behaviour and welfare relationship
How to improve welfare through behaviour
Conclusion
PREVIEW

3. Behaviour may be defined as the respond given from
animals to internal and external stimuli .
(Passille et al.1996 )
 Behaviour is a significant indicator of health of animals
.
 Understanding behaviour is the key to good
management.
(D.M.Boom and A.F.Fraser)
WHAT IS BEHAVIOUR ?

4. Organized segment of behaviour
having a special function .
Develop through play and social
contact with other animals
Under the influence of
environmental stimulation and
genetic factors
Varies with sexes, breed, strain ,
individual , climate
BEHAVIOURAL PATTERN

5. Social Behaviour
Agonistic Behaviour
Ingestive Behaviour
Body Care Behaviour
Thermoregulatory Behaviour
TYPES OF BEHAVIOUR

6. SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Group grazing of cattle
Dam and calf relationship
Social behaviour is animal’s ability to
communicate with each other .
First social bond develop with dam.
Animals that were reared together as calves were
more likely to associate when adult
(Bouissou and Hovels ,1976 ) .
Social facilitation : Activity of certain
individuals , usually rapidly followed by others .
(Benham .1982 )
Social hierarchy : Formed in a well established
group. Introduction of new animals into a group
or the mixing of groups will normally lead to
fighting until a new social order is established .
SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

7. AGGRESSION AT MIXING
FIGHTING BETWEEN
CATTLES
All forms of behaviour by an animal which is
in conflict with other .
Causes
•When a new group formed
•A new individual enter into a well established
group
•Limited supply of food and bedding space
•Competition among animals for breeding
To minimize aggressive events large
individual distances should be maintained .
AGONISTIC BEHAVIOUR

8. BROWSING IN GOAT
GRAZING IN SHEEP
Animal fed in stalls spend very little time
feeding compared with free ranging animals of
same species .But they eat many meals of short
duration [ Vasilatos and Wangsness (1980)]
When daily max. Temperature >25˚c night
grazing varies from 0-70% of total grazing
time.
ROOTING IN PIG
INGESTIVE BEHAVIOUR

9. Different Components of Feeding
Behaviour in Livestock
 Rumination is about 15-20
times ,but duration of each
period may last from few min
to 1hr .
 Animal have an appetite for
energy .
 Water requirement
Cow =38-42 lit ,Buffalo =65 lit ,
Sheep = 3-6 lit , pig =8lit
GRAZING TIME OF DIFFERENT
ANIMAL
Source :Domestic animal behaviour and welfare
(D.M. Broom and A .F. Fraser )

10. DUST BATHING IN
CHICKEN
AUTO GROOMING BY HEAD
Done for attainment of comfort .
Include scratching ,shaking and licking .
Grooming behaviour done to minimize disease
and parasitism .
Auto grooming
Allo-grooming.
In ill health , generally the body care activities
and comfort shift became reduced or arrested .
BODY CARE BEHAVIOUR

11. THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOUR
CATTLE SHELTERING FROM
SUNSHINE
WALLOWING OF PIGS
Done to maintain animal in
thermoneutral zone.
On a hot day seek the shade of trees ,
avoiding direct solar radiation.
Animal show panting , wallowing.
In cold, shivering occur . Horses
often generate herd gallop thus raising
body temperature.
Buffalo and Pig needs wallowing for
thermoregulation .

12. COW Restless behaviour, raises and twitches tail ;arches
back and stretches ,bellowing ,mounts or stands to
be mounted , vulva sniffed by other cows
SHEEP ewe seeks out ram and associates closely with it
GOAT rapid tail waving; poor appetite for 1 day
HORSE Urinating stance.
PIG Sow stands for ‘riding test’ , pricking of ears .
FEMALE SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR
OESTRUS BEHAVIOUR
REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR
[Source ; D.M.Broom and Fraser ]

13. URINATING STANCE
MOUNTING IS ACCEPTED
BY COW IN ESTRUS
SNIFFING AND LICKING OF VULVA
Behavioural characteristics of oestrus in farm animals

14. Libido is an internal state that , is
measured by showing sexual behaviour.
These include :
Nosing of the female’s perineum
Nudging
Flehman response (except in pig )
Flicking out of the tongue
Striking out with a forelimb
Low pitched bleating .
Flehman Response
MALE SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR

15. ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR
Also known as anomalous behaviour ,behavioural
aberrations repeated .
Stereotypy is a relatively in-variate sequence of
movements that has no obvious purpose .
Indicate poor welfare .
EXAMPLE
Tail-biting (pigs)
Tongue rolling and inter-suckling in calves
Crib-biting and sucking by horses [ Brion (1964) ]
Feather pecking and head shaking in hen [ Levy (1944) ]

16. CAUSES OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR
Overcrowding
Monotonous environment
Suppression of natural
instincts
Inadequate exercise
Malnutrition

17. POSSIBLE AVENUES FOR PREVENTION
OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR
Altered housing management
Provide adequate space to avoid
overcrowding
Provide suitable bedding
materials
Provide adequate exercise
Supply adequate roughage and
balanced diet
Visual separation of affected
animal

18. What is Animal Welfare?
What is Animal Welfare?
World Organisation for Animal Health defines
animal welfare as “how an animal is coping with
the conditions in which it lives.’’
An animal is in a good state of welfare
if it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe,
able to express innate behaviour, and if it is not
suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear,
and distress.

19. (Brambell Report, 1965, revised by FAWC(1993)

20. Once we have identified which aspects of the Five
Freedoms have potentially been compromised we
also need to consider the followings
HOW TO ASSES LIVESTOCK WELFARE AT FARM

21. Behaviour is useful in a study of animal welfare
because it gives us
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATOR TO ASSESS
WELFARE

22. Behavioural indicators in welfare in
comparison with physiological measures
DISADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGES
INTERPRETATION IS
DIFFICULT

23. Good welfare Poor welfare
Alertness Limited range of activity
Curiosity Panting and/or sweating
Range of activities Huddling or shivering
Interaction with other members of
the herd/flock
Depression
Interaction with humans Abnormal fear or aggression
towards humans
Play Stereotypies
Behaviour Indicators of Livestock

24. Ear notching in pig, castration in cattle and goat ,
disbudding in cattle
Ritual method of slaughter of animal
Killing of newborn male chicks by layer industry
Limited opportunities for natural behaviours
Ex: animal in battery cages , veal and gestation crates.

25. Cont...
Ill treatment of animal during handling ,
transportation.
Failure to provide adequate diet , failure to treat
diseases and lack of normal animal husbandry.
Beating and kicking of animal .
Keeping the animal in wet and uneven floor cause
lameness , foot problems .

26. GOVERMENT ANIMAL WELFARE ORGANIZATION

27. NON GOVERMENT ORGANIZATION

28. IMPLICATION OF BEHAVIOUR FOR
LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT
• As we know that the animal welfare focus on ,let the animal
express naturally, the various behavioral activities give
indication about managemental status of farm .
• Reproductive behaviour sometime get compromised due to
limited space or change in climate (heat stress), during this
period proper management of animal should be taken care.
• If animal is not behaving normally that also indicates
something problem with management which needs to be
investigated.
• Abnormal behavior reflects poor welfare therefore, ways to
sort out the managemental conditions needs to be improved.

29. • Flooring of house should not be wet ,
slippery and uneven .
• Roofing should be proper to prevent
heat and cold stress .
• Wall should be sufficient height to
maintain adequate ventilation and air
flow .
• Animal normally live in herds /flock ,
approaching parturition, it should be
removed from the herd and placed in an
individual pen.
HOUSING MANAGEMENT

30. Cont….
• As a consequence of poor welfare European union passed a
directive in 1997
Group housing of calves after 8wk of age .
Individual pens at least as wide as height of calves at wither.
No tethering of calves except <1 hr at feeding time

31. In group feeding enough feeding places
with barriers between individual should
be provided .
Adequate colostrum should be given to
new born .
To prevent feed wasting , a trough should
be designed to suit the particular
behaviour pattern that each species
exhibits while feeding.
Balanced ration should be given .
Provide continuous clean drinking water .
FEEDING MANAGEMENT

32. Major welfare problems are lameness ,
mastitis , reproductive problems .
CONTOL MANAGEMENT
Surrounding of animal should be
clean and dry .
Periodic deworming and
vaccination of animals .
Isolation of affected animal .
Immediate treatment to injury .
HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT

33. Effect of early weaning on milking behaviour, production and
reproduction of Tharparkar cows
(Indian J. Dairy Sci. 68(5), 2015 )
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Write few result:

34. Weaning effect can enhance the conception rates and reduce calving to conception
interval in postpartum Tharparkar cows but milk production has declined during early
lactation .

35. Behavioural activities are often used as indicators of welfare.
We can use behavioural indicators to recognise whether the
livestock is in poor or good state of welfare.
Monitoring behavioural activities of livestock can be helpful
to livestock producers by identifying the problems and further
implementation of potential solutions for better livestock
management and welfare.
CONCLUSION