The document provides an overview of the Greek civilization from 3000 BC to 350 BC. It summarizes the Bronze Age civilizations of Minoans and Mycenaeans, followed by the Archaic Age defined by the rise of city-states and democracy in Athens. It then details the Persian Wars in the 5th century BC, including major battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, which resulted in repelling the Persian invasion. Finally, it discusses the Golden Age of Athens under Pericles and the onset of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta in 431 BC.

1. W E E K S 5 & 6
The Civilization of the Greeks

2. • 3 0 0 0 B C – 3 5 0 B C
• I N T R O D U C T I O N
• B R O N Z E & A R C H A I C A G E
• S P A R T A
• A T H E N S
• T H E P E R S I A N W A R S
• T H E G O L D E N A G E
Overview
Temple of Hera I, Paestum, Italy,
c. 540-530 BC

3. Homework
 Chapters 3-4
 PSR #1 (9/25)
 Quiz on Ch. 3 (9/29)

4. Introduction to Greece
 Geography of Greece
 Climate
 Mediterranean Triad
 Natural Resources

5. Bronze Age Near East

6. Bronze Age Greece
 Minoans,
c.3000 – 1500 BC
 Mycenaeans,
c.2000 – 1150 BC
 Redistributive Economy
 Trade
 Warfare
 Art
Fresco, Thera

7. The Palace at Knossos

8. Palace at Knossos Priest-King, c.1550 BC
Knossos

9. Bull Leaping Fresco, c. 1450 BC

10. Mycenae

11. Mycenean Dagger

12. Mask of Agamemnon, c. 1500 BC

13. The Bronze Age Near East

14. Dark Ages, c. 1200 – c. 800 BC
 Sea Peoples
 Iron Age
 Phoenician Alphabet
 Homer
 8th century BC
 Iliad and Odyssey
 Aristocrats
 Heroes
 Arete
 Achilles
 Human Beings
Homer by Jean-Baptiste
Auguste Leloir, 1841

15. Ramses III, Medinet Habu

16. The Slaying of Hector, 5th C BC, Athenian

17. The Bible, Genesis 1:1-5 The Iliad, Book 1, L 1-6
"In the beginning, when God created
the heavens and the earth — and the
earth was without form or shape, with
darkness over the abyss and a mighty
wind sweeping over the waters—
Then God said: Let there be light, and
there was light. God saw that the
light was good. God then separated
the light from the darkness. God
called the light 'day,' and the darkness
he called 'night.' Evening came, and
morning followed—the first day.”
“Sing, O goddess, the wrath of
Achilles son of Peleus, that brought
countless ills upon the Achaeans.
Many a brave soul did it send
hurrying down to Hades, and many
a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and
vultures, for so were the counsels of
Zeus fulfilled from the day on which
the son of Atreus, king of men, and
great Achilles, first fell out with one
another.”
Founding Documents

18. Archaic Age,
c. 800 BC –
500 BC
• Warfare
• Chariots
• Hoplites
• Phalanx
• Aristocrats
• Farmers
• Property
Chigi Vase, 640 BC

19. The Archaic Age (800 – 500 BC)
 The Polis
 Oikos
 Oligarchy
 Citizenship
 Classes:
 Aristocrats/oligarchs
 Farmers
 Poor
 Non-citizens
 Slaves
 Colonization
 Ionian League
 Miletus

20. Greek Colonization

21. Ancient Greece

22. Reactions to Oligarchy
 Tyrants
 Corinth
 Cypselus
 Trade
 Oligarchy
 Sparta
 Athens
 Democracy
The Tyrannicides, Kritios and
Nesiotes, c. 477 BC

23. Sparta
 Lycurgus, c. 700 BC
 Mobilized
 Messenia
 The Agoge
 3 classes
 Citizens/Spartiates
 Periokoi
 Helots
 Government
 Kings
 Council of Elders
 Ephors
 Assembly
 The Peloponnesian League

24. Athenian Democracy
 Oligarchy
 Pisistratus, 560 BC
 Cleisthenes, 508 BC
 Government:
 Aereopagus
 Council of 500
 The Assembly
 10 Generals
 Ostracism
 Jury Trials

25. Pnyx

26. The Speakers’ Platform

27. Ostraca

28. The Ancient World c. 600 BC

29. The Persian Empire
 Late 6th century BC
 Indo-European
 Cyrus the Great (r. 559 –
530 BC)
 Satrap and Satrapy
 Immortals
 Zoroastrianism
 Zoroaster
 Ahura Mazda
 Angra Mainyu/Ahriman
 Avesta
 Magi
Tomb of Cyrus the Great

30. Persepolis, c.500 BC

31. The Persian Empire

32. The Persian Wars
 Darius I the Great
(r. 521-486 BC)
 Ionian Revolt
(499-494 BC)
 Athens
 1st Persian Invasion
 Battle of Marathon
(490 BC)
 Pheidippides

33. The Persian Wars

35. Burial mound at Marathon

36. 2nd Persian Invasion (480 – 479 BC)
 Xerxes I (r. 486 – 465 BC)
 Leonidas (540 – 480 BC)
 Themistocles (c. 524 –
459 BC)
 Battle of Thermopylae
(480 BC)
 Battle of Salamis (480 BC)
 Athenian navy
 Trireme
 Battle of Plataea (479 BC)
Persian Soldiers, Persepolis, 5th Century BC

37. The Persian Wars

38. Battles of Thermopylae & Artemisium, 480 BC

39. “Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by,
that here, obedient to their laws, we lie.”

40. Battle of Thermopylae
Leonidas at Thermopylae,
David, 1814
300, film, 2006

41. Thermopylae Today

42. Thermopylae Today

43. Thermopylae Today

44. Thermopylae Today

46. Battle of Salamis

47. Votive Offering, Athens, late 5th Cent BC

48. Olympias

49. 5th Century Greek Trireme

50. The Persian Empire

51. The Golden Age of Athens
 Persian threat
 Delian League, 478-7 BC
 Treasury, 454 BC
 Pericles (495 – 429 BC)
 Athenian Navy
 Aspasia
 Hetairai
 Culture
 Socrates
 Drama
 The Acropolis and the
Parthenon
Pericles, 440 – 430 BC
(Roman copy, 2nd C AD)

52. The Parthenon, 447 – 432 BC

53. Greece in 5th Century BC

54. Athens and Sparta
 Tension
 30 Years’ Peace, 446 BC
 Corcyra, 435 BC
 The Peloponnesian War,
431-404 BC
 Causes
 Democracy vs. Oligarchy
Plaster cast of marble relief, Mausoleum,
Turkey, c. 350 BC

55. The Peloponnesian War
 Strategies?
 Long Walls
 Major events
 430 BC, plague
 421 BC, Peace of Nicias
 Nicias (470 – 413 BC)
 416 BC, Siege of Melos
 415-413 BC, Sicilian
Expedition
 406 BC, Battle of Arginusae
 405 BC, Battle of
Aegospotami
 Alcibiades, c. 450 – 404 BC

56. The Peloponnesian War
Greek Herm
Jean-Baptiste Regnault, Socrates
dragging Alcibiades from the
Embrace of Sensual Pleasure, 1791

57. The Peloponnesian War

58. Aftermath
 Results
 The Thirty Tyrants
 A Spartan Empire?
 Thebes
 Epaminondas, 418 – 362
BC
 4th century Greece
 Persia