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This document discusses California's reliance on groundwater during droughts from 2014-2015. It notes that groundwater accounts for 40-60% of annual irrigation water supply. During the 2014 drought, surface water shortages were 6.6 maf while groundwater pumping increased by 5 maf. In 2015, surface water shortages increased to 8.7 maf as groundwater pumping rose further to 6.2 maf. The document addresses the unsustainable rates of groundwater depletion and legislation passed in 2014 to regulate groundwater management.
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Andrew Schwarz, California Department of Water Resources
Climate change is expected to significantly impact California's water system in three key ways:
1) Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada mountains, which provides about 1/3 of the state's water supply, is projected to decline by 30-40% by mid-century and 65% by the end of the century. This will result in less runoff in summer months.
2) Precipitation projections vary but there is a trend toward more extreme wet and dry years. Southern California is expected to get drier while Northern California may get slightly wetter.
3) Sea levels along California's coast are projected to rise 1 to 5.5 feet by 2100, increasing risks of storm surges flooding low
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California's water supply is highly variable due to its narrow rainy season and dependence on a few large storms each year. The current multi-year drought is characteristic of the state's climate, but climate change is projected to exacerbate water stresses by reducing snowpack and increasing temperatures. While droughts will remain a natural part of California's climate, human-caused warming from greenhouse gas emissions will likely increase the intensity, duration, and frequency of droughts in the future.
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- A sustainable yield study from 2004 found pumping is directly related to springflow and uncurtailed pumping could cause Barton Springs to cease flowing and dry up 19% of wells.
- The district determines desired future conditions including maintaining a minimum of 6.5 cubic feet per second of springflow during drought.
- Management tools include limiting pumping through drought response permits, setting management zones, and refining groundwater availability models.
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This document discusses groundwater and drought in Texas. It begins by reviewing the hydrologic cycle and focusing on groundwater. It then defines an aquifer and describes the principal types that supply groundwater. It also distinguishes between confined and unconfined aquifers and discusses how water levels are monitored. The document concludes by examining the current drought in Texas and defining four types of drought: meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and socioeconomic.Eops 2017 10_31
After a dry and sunny summer extending well into October, air temperatures are cooler than normal and precipitation has increased allowing rivers to regain strength. Despite a dry summer, Puget Sound is fresher this year than the past 17 years. As of September, warmer temperatures remained in South Sound. In October, surface water in the Straits however began to cool and the influence of rivers can be seen in our ferry data. Leaves drift on the water in South Sound and smaller blooms are confined to inlets as the productive season winds down. Meet our new intern and discover if Puget Sound really has sea spiders.
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Recommended
Andrew Schwarz, California Department of Water Resources
Climate change is expected to significantly impact California's water system in three key ways:
1) Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada mountains, which provides about 1/3 of the state's water supply, is projected to decline by 30-40% by mid-century and 65% by the end of the century. This will result in less runoff in summer months.
2) Precipitation projections vary but there is a trend toward more extreme wet and dry years. Southern California is expected to get drier while Northern California may get slightly wetter.
3) Sea levels along California's coast are projected to rise 1 to 5.5 feet by 2100, increasing risks of storm surges flooding low
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The document summarizes Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District's management of the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer to achieve a desired future condition. Key points include:
- A sustainable yield study from 2004 found pumping is directly related to springflow and uncurtailed pumping could cause Barton Springs to cease flowing and dry up 19% of wells.
- The district determines desired future conditions including maintaining a minimum of 6.5 cubic feet per second of springflow during drought.
- Management tools include limiting pumping through drought response permits, setting management zones, and refining groundwater availability models.
- Adaptive management is needed as aquifer science evolves and large groundwater projects could affect
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September is jellyfish season and they are everywhere in southern Puget Sound! Sunny, warm, and dry conditions promoted strong late-summer plankton blooms in colors of red, green, and brown, now widespread in many bays. In contrast, Central Sound looks clear with low algal activity. Southern Puget Sound has large floating mats of organic material and developed lower oxygen in August. Meet the Critter of the Month - The Sweet Potato Sea Cucumber.
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In this lecture, I’ll review how high-resolution paleoenvironmental archives can help us judge more accurately the risks posed by the ‘Noah’- and ‘Joseph’-style events described by Mandelbrot and Wallis. I’ll give particular emphasis to the environmental information recovered from the rings of ancient trees, and explain how dendrochronology (tree-ring research) has been used to redefine the ‘flood of record’, test potential avenues for long-lead climate predictions, and gage the performance of state-of-the-art climate models.
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Putting the 2015/2016 winter floods in historical context - Alistair Duguid, ...
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The 2015/16 winter floods in the UK saw several records broken for rainfall and river flows. In Cumbria, new 24 and 48 hour rainfall records were set, while the Honister Pass saw rainfall with a 1,300 year return period. Several rivers in northwest England saw record peak flows over 10% higher than previous records, including the River Eden whose flow was around 40 times normal and only a 1 in 300 year event. Mean flows for 2015 were also the highest on record for several major rivers across Scotland and northern England, including the Clyde, Nith, Tweed, Forth, and Tay. Hydrological data from the floods requires extrapolation and recalibration due to the extreme nature of the event and changedEops 2016 07_20
EOPS_July_20_2016,
Through June, air temperatures and sunlight were higher than normal. Recent rain generally improved river flows. However, the Fraser river flow remains extremely low, reducing water exchange with the ocean. Water temperatures are still breaking records, yet dissolved oxygen levels are normal. Coastal bays are influenced by upwelling and exhibit lower oxygen and higher salinities. Puget Sound algae are thriving with blooms observed in many South Sound inlets. Macro-algae is seen piling up on beaches and drifting in Central Sound. Jellyfish smacks are numerous in Eld and Budd Inlets. Our fliers notice seals hanging out at the beach!
Ecology Publication No. 16-03-075
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Co.River.Authority.pptx
The document discusses the 2018 water supply conditions for the Colorado River Authority and Lundberg Family Farms. It provides details on the water diversion agreement with the Department of Water Resources, including allocation amounts for natural and stored water during irrigation and winter seasons. It also outlines two provisions for water deficiencies. Additionally, it discusses the Western Canal Water District's participation in the Sites Reservoir Project and the $9.1 million Butte Creek Fish Passage Improvement Project to remove dams and install pipelines to restore fish passage. Population estimates for Butte Creek Spring-Run Chinook Salmon from 1970 to 2016 are also included.
Sea Level Rise in South Florida
The document summarizes research correlating qualitative observations with quantitative data on sea level rise in Florida Bay. Monthly mean sea level trends from a NOAA gauge station show annual fall flood heights from the 1980s are now average heights, equivalent to a 0.91 foot rise in 100 years. Qualitative observations by local guides also indicate longer flooding durations and more frequent high tide flooding. Climate models project 0.6-4.7 feet of additional sea level rise for the area by 2100. Major impacts are expected to population centers, infrastructure, and coastal development from accelerated sea level rise.
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The document discusses catastrophic floods and declining flows in the Upper Colorado River basin. It notes that while the basin experienced extreme flooding in the 1930s, inflows to Lake Buchanan have significantly declined, with a 59% reduction in average annual inflow between 1957 and 2011. This is largely attributed to increased development of ponds and reservoirs across the basin, which has led to higher evapotranspiration rates. Though rainfall in the basin has increased 12%, the proliferation of over 70,000 ponds has intercepted runoff and increased ET by more than the current inflow volume to Lake Buchanan. The declines are projected to continue as additional ponds are constructed across the developed landscape.
Ice, Ice, Ice
The cryosphere includes all ice on Earth, both permanently and seasonally, such as glaciers, sea ice, snow caps, polar ice sheets, and permafrost. It contains 90% of Earth's fresh water locked in Antarctica and is an important part of the climate system due to feedbacks like the ice-albedo feedback where melting ice exposes darker surfaces that absorb more heat. A fundamental property of water is that ice floats, which allows ecosystems like the Arctic to thrive and predators like polar bears to survive by feeding on prey underwater. Changes to the cryosphere from global warming can impact vital fresh water resources for Earth's growing population.
Noah, Joseph, And High-Resolution Paleoclimatology
In 1968, Benoit Mandelbrot and James Wallis published an article titled ‘Noah, Joseph, and operational Hydrology’ in the journal Water Resources Research. In it, they argued that hydrological models of the day were not able to estimate the true risk of extreme floods or prolonged drought, and that rare hydrological events were much more common than usually assumed.
In this lecture, I’ll review how high-resolution paleoenvironmental archives can help us judge more accurately the risks posed by the ‘Noah’- and ‘Joseph’-style events described by Mandelbrot and Wallis. I’ll give particular emphasis to the environmental information recovered from the rings of ancient trees, and explain how dendrochronology (tree-ring research) has been used to redefine the ‘flood of record’, test potential avenues for long-lead climate predictions, and gage the performance of state-of-the-art climate models.
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This document summarizes a student's research on the hydrological effects of climate change in the Mekong River. The research aims to investigate how global warming may impact runoff, potential evapotranspiration, sedimentation, and saline intrusion in the Lower Mekong Basin. The results suggest runoff will increase during the weak monsoon season from November to February due to higher winter temperatures and increased snowmelt. More fine sediments like clay and silt are also expected to move through the river system as a result of changes in discharge and temperature. However, accurately simulating sedimentation levels over time remains challenging due to lack of long-term data. Overall, climate change is anticipated to bring higher precipitation and discharge to
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California is experiencing a severe drought with record low snowpack levels, meeting only 20% of water demands. Photos show the receding shoreline of Lake Powell between 2011 and 2015 due to drought. The document provides tips for waterwise gardening such as adding organic matter to soil, using drip irrigation, mulching, and planting drought tolerant plants. It explains how biochar and silica can help retain water and nutrients in soil by improving tilth, aeration, and reducing evaporation and compaction. The overall message is about conserving water resources for a sustainable future.
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
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Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Water Policy for Food Security, a global conference
- 1. Groundwater accounts for 40 to 60 percent of annual water supply for irrigation Drought 2014 › 6.6 maf surface water shortage › 5 maf groundwater pumping increase Drought 2015 › 8.7 maf surface water shortage › 6.2 maf groundwater pumping increase
- 2. 2 Groundwater is the critical margin of adjustment -0.89 -0.46 -1.3 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 Sacramento San Joaquin Tulare millionacre-feet 2015 Drought Water Supply by Source Surface Water Groundwater Net Shortage
- 3. 3 Statewide groundwater overdraft
- 4. 2014 groundwater legislation › AB 1739 › AB 1319 › SB 1168
- 5. -4,000 -3,000 -2,000 -1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Sacramento San Joaquin Tulare Acre-feet(thousands) Cumulative Change in Groundwater Storage, 1999 - 2009 Dry Years Wet Years Central Valley Region Average Annual Overdraft (acre-feet) Percent above safe yield Sacramento 510,000 16% San Joaquin 405,000 18% Tulare 1,475,000 27%
- 7. Data Water supplies Crop budgets Transfers Crop mix GW elevations Other economic parameters Energy costs Other agronomic/resource info Pumping capacity District and grower surveys SWAP Output (economic parameters): •Crop revenues •Acreage •Input use Physical model Output (physical parameters): •Water use •Groundwater pumping •Elevations GW information Economically optimal GW pumping IMPLAN Output: •Employment •Value-added •Output value Impact summary: Prices, employment, value-added, crop mix, groundwater pumping, energy costs