As part of an ongoing collaboration on Climate-Smart Agriculture between the UC Davis World Food Center, Wageningen University, the California Department of Food and Agriculture and the California Air Resources Board, this webinar will focus on the challenges and opportunities for soil management to mitigate and adapt to changing climate.
This presentation by Cristina Arias-Navarro (INRA) was given on the 26 of June 2019 as part of the SB50 side event – Enhancing NDC Ambition Through Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration. Country representatives and experts discussed the potential of soil organic carbon sequestration as a climate change mitigation option and gaps between countries’ current and potential commitments.
More info: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/ccafs-sb50-enhancing-ndc-ambition-through-soil-organic-carbon-sequestration
Part of a climate-smart agriculture metrics webinar series co-hosted by the World Business Council on Sustainable Development, the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the University of Vermont.
This session, Mitigation potential of soil carbon sequestration, took place on July 17, 2018.
Speakers:
Meryl Richards, Science Officer, Low Emissions Development | CCAFS and UVM
Keith Shepherd, Principal Soil Scientist | World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Ciniro Costa Jr., Climate and Agriculture Analyst | IMAFLORA
Axelle Bodoy , Global Milk and Farming Sustainability Manager| Danone
CIAT Soil Carbon Sequestration Research by Rolf Sommer, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems.
Presentation made at Soil Carbon Sequestration: Supporting NDCs and donor action. A CGIAR-wide workshop held 12 Nov 2017 at ZEF Center for Development Research, University of Bonn. Workshop organized jointly by: CGIAR Research Programs on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) and Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA)
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Budiman Minasmy from University of Sidney - Australia, in FAO Hq, Rome
Effects of climate change and deforestation on potential of carbon sequestrat...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Presentation by Mulugeta Mokria, Dr Aster Gebrekirstos, Dr Ermias Aynekakulu and Prof Dr Achim Brauning based on a study to investigate the current extent of forest degradation due to climate change in Ethiopia. The study also quantified the effects of tree dieback on aboveground carbon stock and the carbon sequestration potential. \
Sustainable land management to mitigate and adapt to climate changeExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Maria José Sanz Sanchez, from Basque Centre for Climate Change - Spain, in FAO Hq, Rome
This presentation by Cristina Arias-Navarro (INRA) was given on the 26 of June 2019 as part of the SB50 side event – Enhancing NDC Ambition Through Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration. Country representatives and experts discussed the potential of soil organic carbon sequestration as a climate change mitigation option and gaps between countries’ current and potential commitments.
More info: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/ccafs-sb50-enhancing-ndc-ambition-through-soil-organic-carbon-sequestration
Part of a climate-smart agriculture metrics webinar series co-hosted by the World Business Council on Sustainable Development, the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the University of Vermont.
This session, Mitigation potential of soil carbon sequestration, took place on July 17, 2018.
Speakers:
Meryl Richards, Science Officer, Low Emissions Development | CCAFS and UVM
Keith Shepherd, Principal Soil Scientist | World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Ciniro Costa Jr., Climate and Agriculture Analyst | IMAFLORA
Axelle Bodoy , Global Milk and Farming Sustainability Manager| Danone
CIAT Soil Carbon Sequestration Research by Rolf Sommer, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems.
Presentation made at Soil Carbon Sequestration: Supporting NDCs and donor action. A CGIAR-wide workshop held 12 Nov 2017 at ZEF Center for Development Research, University of Bonn. Workshop organized jointly by: CGIAR Research Programs on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) and Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA)
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Budiman Minasmy from University of Sidney - Australia, in FAO Hq, Rome
Effects of climate change and deforestation on potential of carbon sequestrat...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Presentation by Mulugeta Mokria, Dr Aster Gebrekirstos, Dr Ermias Aynekakulu and Prof Dr Achim Brauning based on a study to investigate the current extent of forest degradation due to climate change in Ethiopia. The study also quantified the effects of tree dieback on aboveground carbon stock and the carbon sequestration potential. \
Sustainable land management to mitigate and adapt to climate changeExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Maria José Sanz Sanchez, from Basque Centre for Climate Change - Spain, in FAO Hq, Rome
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
A healthy viable multifunctional landscape has the capability of supporting sustainable agricultural productivity, providing agroforestry and forest products (timber, fuel wood, fruits, medicine, fertilizer, gum etc.) for the sustenance of mankind while providing other environmental services. However these products are increasingly becoming unavailable due to declining soil fertility, climatic extremes, and high costs of inputs. Identifying low-cost, sustainable ways to attain food security and sustainable environment for millions of smallholder farmers in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a major developmental challenge.
La Convención de las Naciones Unidas de Lucha contra la Desertificación acaba de publicar un informe en el que se señala la importancia de carbono orgánico de los suelos orientado a los decisores políticos y que se presentará en la próxima reunión de la UNFCCC sobre cambio climático que se celebrará en París (COP21).
Objectives:
- Discern location shifts for different agricultural production systems
- Set up spatially explicit modeling framework to assess climate and other driving factors behind adoption of different production systems
- Project evolution of production systems under alternative climate scenarios and assess outcomes from alternative adaptation strategies
Soil Organic Carbon: 4/1000 and Land Restoration by Leigh Ann Winowiecki, World Agroforestry Centre.
Presentation made at Soil Carbon Sequestration: Supporting NDCs and donor action. A CGIAR-wide workshop held 12 Nov 2017 at ZEF Center for Development Research, University of Bonn. Workshop organized jointly by: CGIAR Research Programs on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) and Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA)
Presentation delivered by Dr. Graham Farquhar (The Australian National University, Australia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
Forests are cut, temperatures rise and biodiversity is lost. The poor become poorer and indigenous cultures disappear. With the rise in temperatures, fires increase, droughts lengthen, floods spread, and pests and diseases affecting livestock and plants adapt and multiply. What many are calling a 'perfect storm' gathers strength and the impact rolls across the developing world from the forests to the farms to the atmosphere. This scenario stems in large measure from the poor management of our forests, trees and wild genetic resources.
The CGIAR research program outlined in this presentation brings together four of the world's leading research centres in their respective subjects - the World Agroforestry Centre, CIFOR, CIAT and Bioversity - and channels them toward a clear objective: enhancing the management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree genetic resources across the landscape from forests to farms.
Climate change mitigation and agricultural development scenarios for the high plains of Eastern Colombia
Poster presented at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Objectives:
- Link the DayCent/Century model to the UCLA Land Surface model
- Determine the impact of agriculture practice in the U.S. and Asia on soil nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas fluxes, and global carbon cycling
- Evaluate the impact of AMO, PDO, and ENSO sea surface temperature on grassland plant production in the U.S. Great Plains
CONTENTS= Weather, Climate, climate change, Global climate change, Global warming, Factors Affecting climate, Vulnerability of agriculture to climate change, Agriculture and climate change is a three-fold relationship, Influence of agriculture in climate change, Impacts of climate change on agriculture, What can be done? , Conclusion
Presented by Rupesh Bhomia, Scientist, CIFOR at Online Workshop Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and Uncertainty Analysis, 20-22 September 2021
Climate Smart Agriculture and Soil-Carbon SequestrationSIANI
Part of the Swedish seminar "Från kolkälla till kolfälla: Om framtidens klimatsmarta jordbruk"
8th May 2012, 13.00 - 16.30
Kulturhuset, Stockholm
Marja-Liisa Tapio-Biström, FAO, gives a global overview of carbon in soil.
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
A healthy viable multifunctional landscape has the capability of supporting sustainable agricultural productivity, providing agroforestry and forest products (timber, fuel wood, fruits, medicine, fertilizer, gum etc.) for the sustenance of mankind while providing other environmental services. However these products are increasingly becoming unavailable due to declining soil fertility, climatic extremes, and high costs of inputs. Identifying low-cost, sustainable ways to attain food security and sustainable environment for millions of smallholder farmers in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a major developmental challenge.
La Convención de las Naciones Unidas de Lucha contra la Desertificación acaba de publicar un informe en el que se señala la importancia de carbono orgánico de los suelos orientado a los decisores políticos y que se presentará en la próxima reunión de la UNFCCC sobre cambio climático que se celebrará en París (COP21).
Objectives:
- Discern location shifts for different agricultural production systems
- Set up spatially explicit modeling framework to assess climate and other driving factors behind adoption of different production systems
- Project evolution of production systems under alternative climate scenarios and assess outcomes from alternative adaptation strategies
Soil Organic Carbon: 4/1000 and Land Restoration by Leigh Ann Winowiecki, World Agroforestry Centre.
Presentation made at Soil Carbon Sequestration: Supporting NDCs and donor action. A CGIAR-wide workshop held 12 Nov 2017 at ZEF Center for Development Research, University of Bonn. Workshop organized jointly by: CGIAR Research Programs on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) and Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA)
Presentation delivered by Dr. Graham Farquhar (The Australian National University, Australia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
Forests are cut, temperatures rise and biodiversity is lost. The poor become poorer and indigenous cultures disappear. With the rise in temperatures, fires increase, droughts lengthen, floods spread, and pests and diseases affecting livestock and plants adapt and multiply. What many are calling a 'perfect storm' gathers strength and the impact rolls across the developing world from the forests to the farms to the atmosphere. This scenario stems in large measure from the poor management of our forests, trees and wild genetic resources.
The CGIAR research program outlined in this presentation brings together four of the world's leading research centres in their respective subjects - the World Agroforestry Centre, CIFOR, CIAT and Bioversity - and channels them toward a clear objective: enhancing the management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree genetic resources across the landscape from forests to farms.
Climate change mitigation and agricultural development scenarios for the high plains of Eastern Colombia
Poster presented at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Objectives:
- Link the DayCent/Century model to the UCLA Land Surface model
- Determine the impact of agriculture practice in the U.S. and Asia on soil nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas fluxes, and global carbon cycling
- Evaluate the impact of AMO, PDO, and ENSO sea surface temperature on grassland plant production in the U.S. Great Plains
CONTENTS= Weather, Climate, climate change, Global climate change, Global warming, Factors Affecting climate, Vulnerability of agriculture to climate change, Agriculture and climate change is a three-fold relationship, Influence of agriculture in climate change, Impacts of climate change on agriculture, What can be done? , Conclusion
Presented by Rupesh Bhomia, Scientist, CIFOR at Online Workshop Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and Uncertainty Analysis, 20-22 September 2021
Climate Smart Agriculture and Soil-Carbon SequestrationSIANI
Part of the Swedish seminar "Från kolkälla till kolfälla: Om framtidens klimatsmarta jordbruk"
8th May 2012, 13.00 - 16.30
Kulturhuset, Stockholm
Marja-Liisa Tapio-Biström, FAO, gives a global overview of carbon in soil.
Agricultural productivity and mobile for agriculture (mAgric) innovations in ...John Kieti
Agricultural productivity by measure of value added per worker has stagnated at below $400 in East Africa for decades. Many mobile innovations have been created in the last half decade directly or indirectly targeting improvement of this productivity. The results have not yet reached the scale of the runaway success seen in the use of mobile for financial inclusion.
These are my thoughts as my studies drag on. The slides were presented at the monthly entrepreneurial forum held at iHub for 27th September 2014 at the request of Dr. Bitange Ndemo
Agriculture in developing countries must undergo a significant transformation in order to meet the related challenges of achieving food security and responding to climate change. Projections based on population growth and food consumption patterns indicate that agricultural production will need to increase by at least 70 percent to meet demands by 2050. Most estimates also indicate that climate change is likely to reduce agricultural productivity, production stability and incomes in some areas that already have high levels of food insecurity. Developing climate-smart agriculture is thus crucial to achieving future food security and climate change goals. This seminar describe an approach to deal with the above issue viz. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) and also examines some of the key technical, institutional, policy and financial responses required to achieve this transformation. Building on cases from the field, the seminar try to outlines a range of practices, approaches and tools aimed at increase the resilience and productivity of agricultural product systems, while also reducing and removing emissions. A part of the seminar elaborates institutional and policy options available to promote the transition to climate-smart agriculture at the smallholder level. Finally, the paper considers current gaps and makes innovative suggestion regarding the combined use of different sources, financing mechanism and delivery systems.
CONCEPCIÓN FILOSÓFICA DE LA EVALUACIÓN DE LOS APRENDIZAJES IrlandaBarriosUpel
Esta investigación girará en torno a la concepción filosófica de la evaluación de aprendizajes, y cuál es el aporte que le brinda la filosofía a la evaluación, además describirá ¿Por qué la evaluación se considera parte de la ciencia?, así como también se establecerá una construcción teórica de la evaluación de los aprendizajes, diferencia entre evaluación y medición, tipos de evaluación y funciones de la evaluación, para lo que será necesario desarrollar una análisis de diversos documentos, que permitan obtener información relevante al caso y posteriormente establecer conclusiones del mismo.
CIFOR-ICRAF Trees, forests and landscapes for people and the planetCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Robert Nasi, Managing Director CIFOR-ICRAF, on National Workshop: The role of science in the development of forest reference emission level, 13 June 2022.
ROLE OF AGROFORESTRY IN MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGEGANDLA MANTHESH
Climate change and climatic variability's are real and their impacts have already been felt in agriculture.
The tree components in agroforestry system can be significant sinks of atmospheric carbon and it will reduce the stress and dependence on natural forest.
Presentation at the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA) Annual Forum June 15, 2016 in Rome, Italy.
by Meryl Richards, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Todd Rosenstock (ICRAF), Lini Wollenberg (CCAFS), Klaus Butterbach-Bahl (ILRI, KIT), Mariana Rufino (CIFOR, Leeds) and many others
Scaling up soil carbon enhancement contributing to mitigate climate changeCIAT
The 4 per 1000 Africa Symposium - Building synergies across Africa to advance on soils for food security and climate, Johannesburg, South Africa 24-26 October 2018
Rolf Sommer, Kristin Piikki, Mats Söderström, Sylvia Nyawira, Mayesse da Silva, Wuletawu Abera and
Job Kihara
A science-policy dialog on why and where ambition for soil organic carbon should be enhanced and the issues countries face in enhancing ambition.
Side event at SBSTA 50.
This presentation includes the agenda, key messages, and conclusions. The presentations are available separately and at:
https://ccafs.cgiar.org/ccafs-sb50-enhancing-ndc-ambition-through-soil-organic-carbon-sequestration
This event is co-sponsored by:
4P1000
Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD)
The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Low Emissions Development
Institute of Research for Development (IRD), France
National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA), France
University of Vermont Gund Institute for Environment, Rubenstein School for Environment and Natural Resources
As part of an ongoing collaboration on Climate-Smart Agriculture between UC Davis, Wageningen University, the California Department of Food and Agriculture and the California Air Resources Board, this webinar focused on the challenges and opportunities for dairy farming as it relates to a changing climate.
As part of an ongoing collaboration on Climate-Smart Agriculture between UC Davis, Wageningen University, the California Department of Food and Agriculture and the California Air Resources Board, this webinar focused on the challenges and opportunities for dairy farming as it relates to a changing climate.
As part of an ongoing collaboration on Climate-Smart Agriculture between UC Davis, Wageningen University, the California Department of Food and Agriculture and the California Air Resources Board, this webinar focused on the challenges and opportunities for dairy farming as it relates to a changing climate.
As part of an ongoing collaboration on Climate-Smart Agriculture between UC Davis, Wageningen University, the California Department of Food and Agriculture and the California Air Resources Board, this webinar focused on the challenges and opportunities for dairy farming as it relates to a changing climate.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx
Climate-Smart Ag Webinar: Soil Management
1. Third webinar on CSA California –
Netherlands
Challenges and opportunities of
Soil Management
2. WELCOMING &
OPENING REMARKS
Dr. Josette Lewis
World Food Center – UC Davis
Dr. Neli Prota
Wageningen University and Research
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
3. ORGANIZERS
Josette Lewis
World Food Center
UC Davis
MODERATOR
Neli Prota
CSA Booster
Wageningen UR
MODERATOR
Madeleine
van Mansfeld
Wageningen UR
Amrith
Gunasekara
CDFA
Gertjan Fonk
Dutch Ministry of
Economic Affairs
Josh Eddy
CDFA
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
4. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
FOR HEALTHY SOILS
Dr. William Horwath
UC Davis
Dr. Titia Mulder
Wageningen University and Research
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
5. ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO
ADDRESS GHG MITIGATION AND CARBON
SEQUESTRATION
William R. Horwath
Department of Land Air and Water Resources
University of California, Davis
CALIFORNIA-NETHERLANDS WEBINAR
CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE: SOIL MANAGEMENT
FEBRUARY 14, 2017
6. Objectives
• Mitigating N2O emissions in agriculture thru micro irrigation
practices
• Subsurface drip reduces N2O emissions
• Tomatoes
• Dairy
• Assessment and potential for soil carbon sequestration
opportunities
• Sequestration rates optimistic
• Where would the nitrogen come from to sequester soil
carbon?
7. Processing Tomatoes: Annual N2O Emissions
Fertilizer Rate & Irrigation Effects
kgN2O-Nha-1
0
2
4
6
8
Tomato (Furrow-irrigated)
Oct 2009 - Sept 2010
0 75 162 225 300
kg N ha-1
applied
180
SDI
kgN2O-Nha-1
0
2
4
6
8
Tomato (Furrow-irrigated)
Oct 2010 - Aug 2011
0 75 162 225 300
kg N ha-1
applied
180
SDI
Crop N off-take: 150 to 230 kg N ha-1
8. Statistical significance
GWP in tomatoes as a function of cover
crops and irrigation practice
FI= Furrow Irrigation
SDI=Subsurface drip irrigation
Fallow= No cover crop
Trit=Triticale
Mixed=Legume/grass
• N2O emission < 1/3 total
Unpublished data; do not cite
9. 0
Applying Dairy Manure Through Subsurface Drip versus Flood
Irrigation Reduces N2O Emissions in Forage Production Systems
Unpublished data; do not cite
2015 2016
System Soil Irrigation Total
N20 Electricity Diesel
kg CO2 eq. ha-1
SDI wheat 847 95 190 1130 (±260)
SDI corn 180 575 190 942 (±50)
Flood wheat 3530 99 190 3810 (±1520)
Flood corn 1700 75 190 1960 (±280)
10. POTENTIAL OF US SOILS TO SEQUESTER C AND MITIGATE
CLIMATE CHANGE
Ecosystem Land area*
(Mha)
Rate
(Mg C ha-1 y-1)
Total Potential
(Tg C y-1)
Reference
Cropland 156.9 0.3-0.5 45-98 Lal et al. (1998)
Grazing land 336.0 0.04-0.21 13-70 Follett et al. (2001)
Forest land 236.1 0.11-0.43 25-102 Kimble et al. (2002)
Land
conversion
16.8 0.125-0.46 21-77 Lal et al. (2003)
Soil restoration 498.4 0.05-0.12 25-60 Lal et al. (2003)
Other land use 166.0 0.09-0.15 12-25 Lal et al. (2003)
Total 144-432 (288) Lal et al. (2003)
11. 4 PER THOUSAND INITIATIVE
COP21
Total Pool = 825 Gt .... Batjes
(1996)
= 850×0.4%= 3.6 Gt C/yr
Global Soil Organic Carbon Pool 0-40cm Depth
Soil C sequestration
potential (t ha-1
10 y-1
)
Gt soil carbon
(globally 10 y-1
)
1 2.7
3 8.0
5 13.4
10 26.8
15 40.2
20 53.6
• 2,682 million hectares agricultural land globally in 2030 (FAO)
• assume consistent indefinite management to sequester soil C
• Including rangeland/pastures (5x ag area and plantation
forests 20% of ag area) would help in achieving goal
Assume:
What is possible on agricultural land:
4 per thousand
in 10 years
is 36 Gt C/ 10 yrLikely
outcome
12. • Irrigation technologies: sub-surface drip irrigation improves
yield, reduces N2O emissions and reduces GWP.
• Soil carbon sequestration to meet 4 per mille goal is
optimistic
• Requires additional nitrogen input
• Climate warming could increase soil carbon priming and
GHG
• Regardless of goal, any increase in soil carbon would be
beneficial
SUMMARY
14. Soil carbon sequestration as a strategy for
climate change mitigation
4 per mille Initiative - Soils for Food Security and Climate
Dr. Ir. V.L. Mulder, Prof. B. Minasny, Dr. Ir. D. Arrouays
Climate-Smart Agriculture Webinar, 14 February 2017
Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University
15. 4 per mille
Initiative for
Food Security
and climate
15
Minasny et al., 2017. Soil carbon 4 per mille.
Geoderma, 292, pp. 59-86
16. Wageningen UR & 4 per mille
Climate Smart Agriculture, Sustainable Development Goals
Wageningen UR has the scientific expertise and knowledge at
the process level on the behaviour of carbon and organic
matter in soils
National and EU FP7 and H2020 research projects
● Soil carbon sequestration
● Soil degradation
● e.g. AnimalChange, SmartSoil, Catch-C and RECARE and iSQAPER.
Convey relevant messages and provide quantitative evidence
Today: Identify where to conserve soil carbon stocks and
where soil carbon sequestration is most feasible and how easy
a 40/00 can be achieved
16
17. Soil carbon 4 per mille (Minasny et al.,2017)
Review assessment
● 20 regions of the world
● Current SOC stock
● Potentials and challenges for SOC sequestration
17
Minasny et al., 2017. Soil carbon 4 per mille.
Geoderma, 292, pp. 59-86
18. Potentials and challenges in implementing
the 4 per mille Initiative
18
Country/region Potentials Challenges
Chile Afforesting degraded areas
Conserving native forest and peatlands
Peatland conversion
Limited cropping areas
Australia Large agricultural area
Best management practices
Lack of water
Zero or minimum tillage has been implemented almost
80%
Kenya Best management practices
Land restoration
Erosion
Rapid expansion of agricultural lands
Converting marginal lands into agricultural lands
Lack of data
China Mainland Conservation tillage and straw return
Balanced fertilization
Lack of C sequestration data on subsoil
Not all cropping areas are under best management
practices
France SOC monitoring
Land use changes
Best management practices
High soil sealing rate due to urbanisation and
infrastructures
Canada Best management practices
Improving degraded land
Development and implementation of innovative practices
Russia Best management practices on croplands
Conversion cropland to grasslands and
forest
C loss through cultivation
Scotland
Reducing peatland degradation
Forest and agricultural expansion
Large area of peatlands
Expansion of intensive agriculture
Minasny et al., 2017. Soil carbon 4 per mille.
Geoderma, 292, pp. 59-86
19. Regeneration of our agricultural lands
TEDx Talks Grand Forks: Regeneration of Our Lands: A
producer’s Perspective, by Gabe Brown https://youtu.be/QfTZ0rnowcc
19
Minasny et al., 2017. Soil carbon 4 per mille.
Geoderma, 292, pp. 59-86
If we consider 4 per mille in the top 1m of global
agricultural soils, SOC sequestration is between
2-3 Gt C year− 1, which effectively offset 20–35%
of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas
emissions.
20. Outlook
Soil carbon
sequestration
can be the
solution for
mitigating
climate change
over the next ten
to twenty years
20Potential interactions between scientists, farmers, policy makers, and
marketeers engaged in implementation of soil C 4 per mille initiative
(Minasny et al., 2017)
21. References
Minasny, B., McBratney, A.B., Angers, D.A., Arrouays, D., Chambers, A., Chen,
Z.S., Cheng, K., Das, B., Gimona, A., Hedley, C., Hong, S.Y., Malone, B., Mandal.,
B., Marchant, B.P., Martin, M., McConkey, B.G., Mulder, V.L., Paustian, K.,
O’Rourke, S., Odeah, I., Padarian, I., Pan, G., Poggio, L., Savin, I., Stolbovoy, V.,
Stockmann, U., Sulaeman, Y., Tsui, C., Vagan, T, van Wesemael, B., Winowiecki,
L. (2017). Soil Carbon, 4 per mille. Geoderma, (292), 59-86.
Mulder, V.L., Lacoste, M., Martin, M., Richer de Forges, A., Arrouays, D. (2016).
National versus global modelling the 3D distribution of soil organic carbon in
mainland France. Geoderma, (263), 16-34.
Mulder, V.L., Lacoste, M., Martin, M., Richer de Forges, A., Arrouays, D.,
(2015). Understanding large-extent controls of soil organic carbon storage in
relation to soil depth and soil- landscape systems. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,
29.
21
22. POLICY INITIATIVES AROUND
HEALTHY SOILS
Dr. Geetika Joshi
CDFA
Annet Zweep
Dutch Min of Economic Affairs and Min of Infrastructure and Environment
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
23. 14 february 2017
Soil management in
climate change
Annet Zweep
Department of Agro and
Nature Knowledge
The Netherlands
24. Need for sustainability: soil is the basis
• Sustainable
economy
• Healthy food
• Beautiful, vital
landscape
(biodiversity)
• Climate adaptation
and mitigation
14-2-2017
25. Agricultural soils
• Soils and climate: biomasse production; carbon
buffer; greenhouse gases
• In NL major part is permanent grassland; arable
land with high production: sandy soils to heavy
clay; drained peatlands with special care
Farmer is the maintainer of his land: responsibility
Knowledge important tool for good soil
management: information and tools for farmers
14-2-2017
26. Research a method to assess and realise policy
• Several Public-private research programmes:
from fundamental to get the results into practice
• Soil is complex: more practical knowledge on
organic matter, soil management and effect on
greenhouse gasses
• Organic matter plays central role for sustainable
soils and climate change
14-2-2017
27. Important programme is PPS Better Soil
management
• Wijnand Sukkel (panellist webinar) and
Joeke Postma are coordinating.
• Individual and integrated approach of soil
chemistry, physics and biology aspects
• Measuring: important to measure and link
soil management to soil information.
• Organic matter, carbon cycle: central role
• Soil management and effect on
greenhouse gases is part of research
Webiste: www.beterbodembeheer.nl
14-2-2017
28. THE HEALTHY SOILS INITIATIVE
AND PROGRAM
CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE – HEALTHY SOILS
WEBINAR
FEBRUARY 14, 2017
Contacts:
Geetika Joshi*, Ph.D. (Senior Environmental Scientist Supervisor) Geetika.Joshi@cdfa.ca.gov
Amrith Gunasekara. Ph.D. (Science Advisor to CDFA Secretary and
Manager, Office of Environmental Farming and Innovation) Amrith.Gunasekara@cdfa.ca.gov
29. More than 400 agricultural commodities in California,
including unique specialty crops.
California remained the No. 1 state in cash farm
receipts in 2015, with $47 billion in revenue from
76,400 farms and ranchers (#1 for more than 50
years).
Some of the most fertile and diverse agricultural soils:
soils are fundamental plant growing medium.
2015: United Nations declared International Year of
Soils.
Meeting with Governor’s Office and administration on
initiative; interagency meetings with several agencies
and departments.
HEALTHY SOILS INITIATIVE
Image Source: USDA Cropscape - Cropland Data Layer
https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/oefi/healthysoils/HSInitiativ
e.html
30. ACTIONS FOR THE HEALTHY SOILS INITIATIVE:
INTERAGENCY AND STATE-FEDERAL
PARTNERSHIPS
Actions:
Protect and restore soil organic matter in California’s soils.
Identify sustainable and integrated financing opportunities to facilitate healthy soils.
Provide for research, education and technical support to facilitate healthy soils.
Increase governmental efficiencies to enhance soil health on public and private lands.
Promote interagency coordination and collaboration to support soils and related state
goals.
Working with USDA-NRCS:
USDA-NRCS provides funding through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program
to support conservation practices including soil health.
Comet-Planner Tool: http://www.comet-planner.com/
Joint USDA-NRCS and CDFA Summit: Building Partnerships on Healthy Soil in
Sacramento, CA on January 11, 2017.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPy5C5J1qjg&feature=youtu.be&rel=0
32. HEALTHY SOILS PROGRAM:
OBJECTIVE AND FUNDING
Objective: To build soil carbon and reduce agricultural GHG
emissions through incentives.
$7.5 million to develop a new incentive and demonstration program
on the CA Healthy Soils Initiative from the Greenhouse Gas
Reduction Fund.
Farmers and ranchers incentivized to implement practices such as
compost application, no-till, cover-crops, etc., with quantification of
greenhouse gas reductions (GHG) achieved by projects.
Demonstration projects for on-field GHG reductions through
partnerships between ag operations/industry groups, academia
and/or non-profit organizations, resource conservation districts.
Request for grant applications by May, awards by September 2017.
https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/oefi/healthysoils/
33. PARTNERSHIPS FOR SOIL HEALTH
THROUGH PROPOSED INCENTIVES
PROGRAM
Environmental Farming Act
– Science Advisory Panel
Next Meeting:
March 16, 2017
Sacramento
https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/oefi/efasap/
34. TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Winfried Raijmakers
Yara Benelux – N-Sensor®
Prof. Keith Paustian
Colorado State University – COMET-Farm tool
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
35. Carbon and greenhouse
gas evaluation of
conservation practices
COMET-FarmTM andCOMET-Plann
www.comet-farm.com www.comet-
CA-Dutch Climate Smart Agriculture
Webinar
February 14, 2017
Mark Easter, Amy Swan, Kevin Brown
and Keith Paustian
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory & Dept. Soil and
Crop Sciences
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, CO
Adam Chambers
Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Environmental Markets
Leader
Fort Collins, CO
36. COMET-Farm™ & COMET-Planner™
Greenhouse Gases in Agriculture
The
COMET
Tools
Provide a
Systems
Approach
to
full GHG
Inventories
and
Conservatio
Image courtesy of Amy Swan of the NREL at
Colorado State University
37. COMET-Farm™ & COMET-Planner™
Calculation Methods
• Implements the peer-
reviewed, USDA-sanctioned
entity-level inventory
methods.
• Soil-related GHG emissions: DayCent
dynamic model, also used in the U.S.
NationalGreenhouse Gas Inventory +
additional empirical models.
• Livestock-related GHG emissions:
statistical models based on USDA and
university research, largely consistent
with models used in the U.S. National
Inventory.
• Energy-related GHG emissions: based
on the models used in the USDA/NRCS
EnergyTool along with supplemental
40. COMET-Planner2.0
1) Aligns GHG
reduction estimates
with COMET-Farm
and the USDA
entity-scale GHG
inventory
methods.
2) Improving the
spatial resolution of
estimates from the
sub-national scale
to multi-county
regions.
3) Adding options for
implementing
various
COMET-Planner 2.0
Estimates
resolved at the
MRLA-scale
42. Smart intensification
Webinar Challenges and Opportunities for Soil Management - 2017-02-14 42
Destroy more nature, or increase productivity ?
http://yara.com/doc/221347_Yara_Climate-smart-agriculture_2015.pdf
43. Reducing Carbon Footprint
43
3.5 0.1 5.1
Precision farming is part of the solution !
http://yara.com/doc/199057_ya_ed_bro_ANvsUREA_9-0-BD.pdf
http://yara.com/products_services/fertilizers/pure_nutrient/the_carbon_footprint_of_fertilizers.aspx
Webinar Challenges and Opportunities for Soil Management - 2017-02-14
PRODUCTION TRANSPORT FARMING HARVEST CONSUMPTION CAPTURE
44. • Right Rate
• Right Place
• Right Time
• Right Fertilizer
Yara Tools:
• ImageIT® app
• N-Tester
• N-Sensor®
Smart Fertilization
44
Continuous crop monitoring for best N-efficiency
Webinar Challenges and Opportunities for Soil Management - 2017-02-14
45. Variable nitrogen application
45
N-application
N-strategy depends on crop, growth stage & situation.
Farmer can always overrule.
N-uptake (kg N/ha)
N-rate(kgN/ha)
Webinar Challenges and Opportunities for Soil Management - 2017-02-14
N-uptake
46. 1. Simplicity: direct application, no clouds, no 3th parties
2. In control: manual overrule always possible
3. Proven technology: >15 yrs agronomic validation
4. Target farm: >150 ha potato & cereals
Why sensors don’t fly in Netherlands:
1. ”Too expensive”: 20-35 k€ investment (= 15-30 €/ha)
2. ”Not ready”: research overkill: farmers can’t filter
3. ”Will get better”: don’t realize direct gain & updates
N-Sensor in practice
46Webinar Challenges and Opportunities for Soil Management - 2017-02-14
N-Sensor demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrixH9tFxoA
48. DISCUSSION PANEL
Wijnand Sukkel
Wageningen UR
wijnand.sukkel@wur.nl
Wim de Vries
Wageningen UR
wim.devries@wur.nl
Cynthia Cory
California Farm Bureau
ccory@CFBF.com
Gijs Kuneman
CLM
gkuneman@clm.nl
Judith Redmond
Full Belly Farm
judith@fullbellyfarm.com
Geetika Joshi
CDFA
Geetika.Joshi@cdfa.ca.gov
Winfried Raijmakers
Yara Benelux
winfried.raijmakers@yara.com
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
Annet Zweep
Min EZ - Min I&M
A.T.Zweep@minez.nl
Titia Mulder
Wageningen UR
titia.mulder@wur.nl
William Horwath
UC Davis
wrhorwath@ucdavis.edu
Keith Paustian
Colorado State Uni
Keith.Paustian@colostate.edu
49. CLOSING REMARKS
Challenges and opportunities of Soil Management
Third webinar on CSA California – Netherlands
Dr. Josette Lewis
World Food Center – UC Davis
Dr. Neli Prota
Wageningen University and Research