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Water Gas Shift & Hydrogen Purification Section Flowsheet
The document discusses different designs for the water gas shift and hydrogen purification sections of steam reforming plants. It describes the water gas shift reaction that converts carbon monoxide and water to carbon dioxide and hydrogen. It outlines designs using high-temperature shift catalyst followed by methanation or pressure swing adsorption to purify the hydrogen for ammonia and hydrogen plants. Newer hydrogen plant designs favor using a high-temperature shift catalyst followed directly by a pressure swing adsorption unit to produce 99.9% pure hydrogen.
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Water Gas Shift & Hydrogen Purification Section Flowsheet
- 1. Water Gas Shift& Hydrogen Purification Section Flowsheet By: Gerard B. Hawkins Managing Director
- 2. Simplified Steam ReformingNH3 Plant H2O H/C feed H/C purification Removes impurities (S, Cl, metals) Steam reforming Converts to H2, CO, CO2 + H2O + CH4 H2O Shift WGS reaction: H2O + CO <=> CO2 + H2 H2 Hydrogen purification Removal of CO, CO2 + maybe CH4
- 3. Shift & HydrogenPurification Sections Consider shift + purification together • design options are intimately linked Historically preferred designs linked to available catalyst/absorbent technology Not required on HyCO and MeOH plants
- 4. Shift & HydrogenPurification Sections Water gas shift reaction Purification • Either: CO2 removal and methanation (NH3 & old H2) COx + H2 => CH4 + H2O yields ~96 % H2 • Or: PSA unit (newer H2) yields 99.9+ % H2 CO + H2O CO2 + H2 (+ heat)
- 5. Shift & HydrogenPurification Sections – Ammonia Plants Designs feature HTS and LTS beds in series with inter-cooling HTS From Steam Reforming Liquid CO2 Removal LTS H2O CO2 feed to urea plant Methanation H2 COx + H2 => CH4 + H2O
- 6. Shift & HydrogenPurification Sections – Ammonia Plants Design options – Linde LAC process • use tubular ITS followed by PSA unit From Steam Reformer PSA H2ITS H2O Purge gas to fuel
- 7. Shift & HydrogenPurification Sections – Hydrogen Plants Designs 1970s to mid-1980s • LTS catalyst developed • HTS and LTS beds in series with inter-cooling HTS From Steam Reforming Liquid CO2 Removal LTS H2O CO2 to vent Methanation H2 COx + H2 => CH4 + H2O
- 8. Shift & HydrogenPurification Sections – Hydrogen Plants Older plants built up to ~1970 • pre-date LTS catalyst development • two HTS beds in series with inter-cooling HTS From Steam Reforming Liquid CO2 Removal HTS H2O CO2 to vent Methanation H2 COx + H2 => CH4 + H2O
- 9. Shift & HydrogenPurification Sections – Hydrogen Plants Designs since mid-1980s • PSA units improved significantly • HTS followed by PSA unit From Steam Reforming PSA H2 HTS H2O Purge gas to fuel vent
- 10. Shift & HydrogenPurification Sections – Hydrogen Plants Design options • include additional LTS before PSA unit favoured in some large new plants (>105 kNm3/h or 90 MMSCFD) HTS From Steam Reforming PSA H2LTS H2O Purge gas to fuel vent
- 11. Shift & HydrogenPurification Sections – Hydrogen Plants Design options • use MTS followed by PSA unit From Steam Reformer PSA H2MTS H2O Purge gas to fuel vent