This document discusses various aspects of water pollution including causes and effects. It notes that 70% of domestic waste and 90% of industrial waste is water. The key pollutants discussed are: 1. Turbidity which affects visibility and aquatic life. 2. pH changes which impact corrosion and ability of water to neutralize other agents. 3. Dissolved solids like chlorides which increase hardness and affect palatability. 4. Nutrients like nitrogen and phosphates which can cause algal blooms and degrade dissolved oxygen. The document recommends monitoring of parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients to assess water quality and treat pollution through measures like sediment removal and aeration

1. -Pe-kw-c-£Ww
Aby M Mundackal (M. Tech)
Manager (Technical)
KRWSA

2. Pehpw Pohn-Xhpw
• Pohsâ ne-n¸nv Gähpw AXy-´m-t]-£n-X-amb
hkvXp-¡-fn hmbp-I-gn-ªm ASp¯ ØmamWv Pe-
¯n-p-ÅXv
• ap-jy- icoc¯nsâ GI-tZiw 70% Pe-amWv
• knc-I-fn-sem-gp-Ip¶ cà¯nsâ GI-tZiw 90% PeamWv
• `qan-bpsS D]-cn-X-e-¯nsâ GI-tZiw 80% hpw Pe-amWv
• Pew ap-jy-Po-hn-X-¯nv AXym-´m-t]-£n-X-amb Hcp Poh-
em-b-n-bmWv
• sam¯w Pe-¯nsâ 97% D¸p-sh-Å-am-bn«pw 2% sFkm-
bn«pw nen¡p¶p _m¡n 1 % am{Xw ap¡v D]-tbm-Kn-
¡m-hp¶ Ah-Ø-bn ne-n¡p¶p.

5. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS ASn-Øm Pe t{kmX-Êvþ Pe-N{Iw

7. Pe-kw-c-£Ww ?
µáùÏáK ¼ÜÜÍcÄ
çÖÞ×ßAáK ¼Ü·áÃÈßÜÕÞø¢
Ø¢çÏÞ¼ÈJßæa µáùÕí, ÄÞWAÞÜßµ ÜfcB{á¢
ÆàV¸ÕàfÃÎßÜïÞÏíÎÏá¢

8. F´mWv ip²-amb Pew
• 1. Pew sXfn-ªXv Bbn-cn¡pI
• 2. ndhpw aWhpw CÃm-Xn-cn¡pI
• 3. tcmKm-Wp-¡Ä CÃm-Xn-cn¡pI
• 4. A]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fmb cmk-h-kvXp-¡Ä CÃm-Xn-cn-¡pI
• 5. Bh-iy-¯n-pÅ [mXp-e-h-W-§Ä D­m-bn-cn-¡Ww
• 6. ioIc-W-tijn D­m-bn-cn-¡-cpXv
• 7. ndw D­m-¡m-Xn-cn¡pI.

9. Pe-a-en-o-I-cWw Imc-W-§Ä
• P-kw-Jy-bn-ep-­mb hÀ²hv
• hyh-kmb h¡cWw
• K-c-h¡cWhpw Pohn-X-co-Xn-bn-ep-­mb
amähpw
• Pe-¯nsâ nb-{´-W-an-Ãm¯ D]-tbmKw
• Irjn coXn-bn-epÅ Aim-kv{Xo-b-amb {]h-W-X-
IÄ

10. tIcfwþ{]XnZnw ameny Dev]m-Zw
P-kw-Jy (2011)þ 3.34 tImSn
1. aen Pew (B-tfm-
lcn 100 liter) hoXw
3340 MLD
apjy hnkÀÖyw
(B-tfm-lcn 100 gm)
hoXw
3340 MT
Jc-am-enyw (B-tfm-
lcn 500 gm)hoXw
16700 MT

12. aenoI-cW t{kmX-Êp-IÄ
1. t]mbnâv tkmgvkp-IÄ (Point
source)
2. tm¬ t]mbnâv tkmgvkp-IÄ
(Non point source).

13. aenoIcWwaqew-Pe-Kp-W-n-e-hm-c-
¯n-ep­mIp¶ hyXn-bm--§Ä
`uXnIw
1. amen-y-§Ä Ie-cp-¶-Xp-aqew Pe-¯nsâ nd-
¯n-tem, aW¯ntem, cpNn-bn-tem D­m-Ip¶ amäw.
cmknIw
2. Pe-¯nse [mXp-¡-Ä, teml-§-Ä, IoS-m-in-n-I-Ä,
XpS§n-b-h-bpsS B[n-Iyw. DZmþ ^vfqssd-Uv,
BÀsk-nIv XpS-§nbh.
ssPhnIw
3. ssPh-am-en-y-§Ä Ie-cp¶Xpaq-e-ap-­m-Ip¶ tcmKm-
Wp-¡-fpsS km¶n[yw
DZmþ tImf-d, ssSt^m-bn-Uv,
ssl¸-ssä-än-kv XpS-§n-b-h-bpsS AWp-¡Ä

14. Pe-Kp-W-n-e-hmc Af-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ
{][m--ambpw aq¶v Xc-am-Wp-Å-Xv.
• `uXnIKpW-n-e-hmc Af-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ
DZmþ ndw, aWw, cpNn
• cmkKpW-n-e-hmc Af-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ
DZmþA¾-X, £mc-X, Ccp-¼v, ^vfqssd-Uv, t¢mssd-Uv,
sst{Säv
• _mIvSo-cn-tbm-f-Pn¡ÂKpW-n-e-hmc Af-hvtIm-ep-IÄ
DZmþtImfn-t^mw, CþtImfn

15. Izmfnän ]cm-ao-täÀknsâ hyXn-bmw aqe-
ap-­m-Ip¶ tZmj-^-e-§Ä
1. TURBIDITY (Ie-¡Â) A[n-I-am-Ip-t¼mÄ
tZmj-^-e-§Ä
a. ImWp-t¼m-fp-­m-Ip¶ hr¯n-bn-Ãmbva
b. ip²o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-p-­m-Ip¶ sshjayw
c. AWp--io-I-cWw S-¯p-¶-Xn-epÅ sshjayw
2. pH aqeyw Ipd-bp-t¼mÄ
a. ]pfn-cpNn, b. io-I-c-W-ti-jn, c. aäp aqe-I-§sf Aen-bn¨v
tNÀ¡p¶-Xn-pÅ Ignhv hÀ²n¡pI.
]n.-F¨v aqeyw IqSn-bmÂ
1. Imc-cpNn
2. shfp¯ s]mSn-bpsS ASn-ªptNcÂ

16. ]n.-F-¨v. aqey-¯n-epÅ Ipd-hv.
Np®m¼v D]-tbm-Kn¨v ]n.-F-¨v. aqeyw DbÀ¯mw
]n.-F-¨v. aqey-¯nsâ B[n-Iyw.
iàn Ipdª BknUv D]-tbm-Kn¨v ]n.-F-¨v. aqeyw
Ipd-¡mw.
3. TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (Aenªp tNÀ¶ aqe-I-
§Ä)
a. cpNn-bn hyXymkw hcp-¯p¶p
b. sshZyp-X-hm-l-I-tijn hÀ²n¸n¡p¶p
c. Irjn¡v Ap-tbm-Py-aÃ
4. ImTnyw
a. Ae-¡p-t¼mÄ tkm¸nsâ Nnehv hÀ²n ¡p¶p., b. NqSm-
¡p-t¼mÄ shfp¯ Ah-£n-]vXap­m-Ip-¶p.

17. 5. t¢mssdUv
a D¸p-cpNnbp­m-Ip-I, b. Pe-¯nsâ io-I-cW
tijn hÀ²n¡p-I.
.
t¢mssdUnsâ B[nIyw aqe-apÅ {]iv-§Ä
• t¢mssd-Unsâ B[nIyw D¸v cpNn D­m-¡p-
¶p.
• io-I-c-W-tijn hÀ²n¡p¶p.

18. ^vfqssd-Unsâ B[nIyw aqe-apÅ {]iv-§Ä
^vfq-ssd-Unsâ B[nIyw ^vfqtdm-knkv F¶
tcmK-¯nv Imc-W-am-hp-¶p.
• 1. Z´Â ^vfqtdm-knkv
• 2. kvsIen-«Â ^vfqtdm-kn-kv
• 3. tm¬ kvsIen-«Â ^vfqtdm-knkv
6. ^vfqssdUv
a. ^vfqtdm-knkv F¶ tcmK-ap-­m-Ip¶p,
b. io-I-c-W-tijn sNdnb tXmXnÂ
hÀ²n¡p¶p

21. 7. kÄt^äv
a. Pe-¯nsâ aWhpw in-I-c-W-ti-jnbpw
hÀ²n¸n¡p¶p.
b. pH aqeyw {Iam-Xo-X-ambn Ipd-¡m³ CS-bm-¡p-
¶p,
8. sst{Säv þ saX-tam-t¥m-_-o-anb F¶ tcmKw
D­m-¡p-¶p.

22. sst{S-änsâ B[nIyw aqe-ap-­m-
Ip¶ {]iv-§Ä
• 1. sst{Säv (NO3) hnL-Sn¨v D­m-Ip¶ ssss{Säv
(NO2) cà-¯n-epÅ lotam-t¥m-_n-p-ambn tNÀ¶v
saX-tam-t¥m-_n-mbn amdp¶p.
• 2. saX-tam-t¥m-_n³ cà-¯nsâ HmIvkn-P³ hln-
¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ Ignhv Ipd-¡p-¶p. CXnsâ ^e-ambn
Ip«n-I-fn »yqt__n kn³t{Umw AYhm saX-tam-
t¥m-_n-t-anb F¶ tcmK-¯nv Imc-W-am-hp-¶p.

24. 9. Ccp¼v
Ccp-¼nsâ B[n-Iyw.
1. ]pd-s¯-Sp¯p h¨p Ignªm ndw amdp-I.
2. [mcmfw ]m Hgn-¨mepw Nmb¡v ndw In«m-Xn-
cn¡pI
3 D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ ]m{X-§Ä¡pw Sm¦n-p-sams¡
nd-hy-Xymkw D­m-Ip-I.
4. NqSm-¡nb Pe¯n sNfn-b-SnbpI, ]mIw
sN¿p¶ tNmdnv aª-n-d-ap-­m-Ip-I.
5. shÅ-¯nsâ {]X-e¯n HmbnÂ]mS ImWp-I.

25. Ccp¼v Pe¯n n¶pw amäp-¶-Xn-p-apÅ amÀ¤w.
• Ccp¼pÅ Pe-¯nsâ ]n.-F-¨v. aqeyw DbÀ¯p-¶-Xn-
mbn Np®m¼v tNÀ¡pI.
• AXn-p-tijw ta¸-dª Pes¯ Ã-Xp-t]mse
hmbp-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¶-XnpÅ kuIcyw
D­m¡pI.
• ta¸-dª {]hÀ¯naqew Ã-Xp-t]mse Pew
Ie§p¶p. AXn-p-ti-jw.
a. kzta-[bm ASn-bp-¶-XnpÅ kuIcyw sImSp¡pI
b. AXn-p-tijw icn-bmb coXn-bn ^n«À sN¿pI.
• ^n«À sNbvX-Xn-p-tijw »o¨nwKv ]uUÀ tNÀ¯v
AWp--io-I-cWw hcp-¯p-I.

26. _¡äv
Np®m¼v
15 aWn-¡qÀ
A-§msX
sh¡pI
Fig. 3 Shallow dug well
Plastic or
Earth jar
Bleaching
powder and
sand & lime
if required
Plastering
(CM.1:3)
Outlet
Aerator Chemicalsfor pHcorrection
Clear water
Value B
Fe (OH)3
A=Tap

27. 10. Aeq-an-n-bwþ AÂjn-tagvkv tcmKw
11. DISSOLVED OXYGEN SATURATION þt-¡mÄ
hfsc Xmgv¶m aen-o-I-c-Wtam F¶v kwi-bn¡mw
12. BOD/COD- Pe-¯n-e-enªp tNÀ¶n«pÅ ssPh-am-en-
y-§-fpsS Afhv a-Ên-em-¡p-¶p
.13. ssPh-am-en-y-§Ä
a. ao³ N¯p s]m§p-Itbm Pe-¯n Pohn-¡p-¶-Xnv
hnjaw ImWn-¡p-Itbm sN¿pI.
b. Pe-¯nv Idp¯ ndw D­m-IpI.
c. Akz-Ø-amb aWw D­m-IpI
d. em_n ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-t¼mÄ
1. BOD/ COD D­m-Ip-I.
2. DISSOLVED OXYGEN – sâ Afhv Ipdªp
ImWp-I.

28. seUv (0.10)
t{kmXÊv tZmj-^-e-§Ä
s]bnâv ,
seUv ss]¸p-
IÄ, _mä-dn-
IÄ
Xe-t¨m-dv, hr¡-IÄ
F¶n-hsb tZmj-I-
c-ambn _m[n-¡p-
¶p. sNdp-¸-¡m-
cn _p²n-am-µy-
¯npw Imc-W-am-
Ip-¶p.
saÀ¡pdn (0.001)
t{kmXÊv tZmj-^-e-§Ä
imkv{X D]-I-
c-W-§Ä,
_mä-dn-IÄ,
BÀ¡v em¼p-
IÄ, t¢mdn³
hmXI
nÀ½mWw
ao amXm
tcmK-¯nv
Imc-W-am-Ip-
¶p. KÀ`n-Wn-
I-fn sshI-
ey-apÅ
Ipªp-§-
fpsS P--
¯nv Imc-W-
am-Ip-¶p.

29. BÀsk-n¡v (0.05)
t{kmXÊv tZmj-^-e-§Ä
{]Ir-Xn-P-y-ambn `qan-bpsS
Nne-`m-K-§-fn I­p-h-
cp¶p
BÀk-tm-kn-kv, Xz¡p-IÄ
XSn¨v Acn¼md-IÄ cq]-
s¸-Sp¶p (sIcmtäm-kn-kv)
Xz¡v Iym³kÀ, izmk-mfw
, hr¡-IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS
Iym³k-dnv Imc-W-am-Ip-
¶p.

30. t_cnbw
t{kmXÊv tZmj-^-e-§Ä
s]bnâv ,
t]¸À
F¶n-h-
bpsS
nÀ½mW
w
]co-£W arK-§-
fn lrZ-b-¯npw
hr¡-I-Ä¡pw amwk
t]in-IÄ¡pw XI-
cm-dp-IÄ D­m-¡p-
¶-Xmbn sXfn-ªn-
«p-­v.
ImUvanbw (0.01)
t{kmXÊv tZmj-^-e-§Ä
_mä-dn-
IÄ,
s]bnâp-
IÄ,
¹mÌn-¡p-
IÄ F¶n-
h-bpsS
nÀ½mWw
CämbnþC-ämbn
F¶ tcmK-¯nv
Imc-W-am-Ip-¶p.
DbÀ¶ cà
k½À±w, hr¡-I-
fpsS miw
]pcpj hÔyX
F¶n-hbv¡v Imc-
W-am-Ip-¶p.

31. t{Imanbw (0.05)
t{kmXÊv tZmj-^-e-§Ä
temlk¦c
w, sshZyp-X-
te-]-w
Ic-fn-sbpw
Xz¡n-sbpw
in-¸n-¡p-¶p.
Im³kÀ
D­m-¡m-hp-¶-
Xm-Wv.
t{kmXÊv tZmj-^-e-
§Ä
tIm¸À ss]-
¸p-IÄ ImÀjn-
I-cw-K¯p]-
tbm-Kn-¡p¶
IpanÄ min-n-
IÄ
Af-hp-Iq-Sn-
bm aÕy-
§-fpsS
mi-¯nv
Imc-W-am-Ip-
¶p.
tIm¸À (0.05)

32. kwØm-¯v s]mXpth ImWp¶
Peaen-o-IcW {]iv-§Ä
• _mIvSo-cnb aqe-apÅ aen-o-I-c-W-¯nsâ kqN-I-§-
fmb tImfnt^mw _mIvSo-cn-b-I-fpsS km¶n-[yw.
• ]n.-F-¨v. aqey-¯n-epÅ Ipd-hv.
• ]n.-F-¨v. aqey-¯nsâ B[n-Iyw.
• Ccp-¼nsâ B[n-Iyw.
• Aan-X-amb Ie-¡Â
• Aan-X-amb ^vfqssd-Uv
• Aan-X-amb D¸v.
• ImÀ_-WnI aen-o-I-c-Ww
• Aan-X-amb ImTn-yw.
• BÂtK-bpsS hfÀ¨
• ImÀ_-tWäv ASn-ªp-tNcpI

33.  Aan-X-amb Ie-¡Âþ skUn-sa-tâ-j³
þ^nÂt{Sj³.
 Aan-X-amb ^vfqssd-Uvþ BIvSn-th-äUv Aeq-an-nb
D]-tbm-Kn-¨pÅ ip²o-I-cW Inäp-IÄ
 Aan-X-amb D¸vþ dothgvkv Hmkvtam-knkv XXz-
§Ä D]-tbmKn-¨pÅ D]-I-c-W-§Ä
 ImÀ_-WnI aen-o-I-cWwþ aen-o-I-cW t{kmX-Êp-
Isf amän Øm]n-¡pI
 Aan-X-amb ImTnywþtkm^vä--dpIÄ
 BÂtK-bpsS hfÀ¨þkq-cy-{]-Imiw XS-bpI,
t¢mdn-tm, Xpcn-iv, XpS-§n-bh D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I.
 ImÀ_-tWäv ASn-ªp-tN-cpI.þ Fb-td-jv tijw
^n«tdj³.-

34. aen-o-I-cW nb-{´Wwþ {]mtbm-
KnI amÀ¤-§Ä
1. D]-tbm-K-iq-y-amb FÃm InW-dp-Ifpw aqSp-I.
2. ae-aq{X hnkÀÖ--¯nv sk]vänIv Sm¦p-I-
fpsS nÀ½mWw t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡pI
3. `qan-bnse Pe-n-c¸v Xmgv¶p n¡p¶ {]tZ-
i§-fn Bgw Ipdª I¡qkv Ipgn-IÄ D]-
tbm-Kn-¡mw.
4. hoSp-I-fn n¶p-­m-Ip¶ Jc-am-en-y-§Ä BIp-
¶Xpw hoSnsâ ]cn-k-c-¯p-Xs¶ kwkv¡-cn-¡p-
hm³ {ian-¡p-I. _m¡n-bp-Å-Xp-am{Xw Jc-am-eny
¹mân-te¡v Ib-än-hn-Sp-I.

35. 5. hoSp-I-fnse {Zham-en-y-§Ä tkm¡v¸n-äv,
ASp¡ftXm-«w, _tbm-Kym-kv¹mâv, apX-em-bh D]-
tbm-Kn¨v kwkv¡-cn-¡p-I.
6. hoSp-I-fnse Jc-am-en-y-§Äþ GsX-¦nepw ac-§-fpsS
Nph-«n Bgw Ipdª Ipgn-I-fn Ipgn-¨n«v a®n-c,
_mIvSo-cnb XpS-§n-b-h-bpsS {]hÀ¯w aqew
kwkv¡-cn-¡p-I.
7. ]mX BÄad F¶nh sI«n InW-dp-Isf kwc-£n-¡p-
I.
8. aen-o-I-cW t{kmX-Êp-IÄ InW-dn--Sp¯v {]tXy-
In¨v InW-dn-t-¡mÄ DbÀ¶ Øe-§-fn Øm]n-
¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I.
9. Aan-X-i-àn-bnepÅ ]w¼nMv InW-dp-I-fn n¶v
Hgn-hm-¡p-I.
10. InW-dp-IÄ aqSn aäp-h-kvXp-¡Ä hogp-¶Xv XS-bp-I.

36. InWÀ ]cn-]m-ew
InWÀ aen-o-I-c-Wwþ t{kmX-Êp-IÄ c­p-Xcw
1. ap-jysâ PohnX {]Irn-b-bpsS ^e-am-bp-­m-
Ip¶ ImÀ_-WnI amen-y-§Ä
2. {]Ir-Xn-bn n¶pw Aen-ªptNcp¶h Ccp-
¼v, ^vfqssd-Uv, t¢mssd-Uv.

37. `qan-bpsS {]X-ehpw Pe-n-c¸pw hyXym-
k-an-Ãm¯ Øes¯ InW-dp-IÄ

38. 1 s]m« InW-än amenyw XÅp-¶Xv A]-I-S-Icw
2. iàn-Ip-dª tam«-dp-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I.
3. ]pd-¯p-n-¶pÅ aen-o-I-cW hkvXp-¡Ä
hoWp aen-o-I-cn-¡-s¸-«mÂ
amenyw Kuc-h-ta-dn-b-X-sæn -]Xps¡ ]¼p
sN¿pI.
amenyw Kuc-h-ta-dn-b-sX¦n –DS-Sn ]¼v
sNbvXv ]pd-¯p-I-f-bp-I.

39. 4. tamt«mdnsâ ^p«v hmÂhv InW-dn-sâ-b-Sn-bnÂ
^nIvkv sN¿cpXv. Hmkv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I, InW-
dnsâ {]X-e-¯n n¶pw shÅ-sa-Sp-¡p-I.
5. InW-dn-tmSv sXm«p-tNÀ¶v Ipfn-ap-dn-bp-­m-¡-
cp-Xv.
6. kqcy-{]-Imiw InW-än-te¡v IS-¡m¯ coXn-bnÂ
aqSp-I.
7. ISÂ Xoc¯v AXym-h-iy-¯n-pÅ Bgta InW-
dn-p-­m-Im-hq.
8. aen-o-I-cW t{kmXÊv InW-dn-Sp¯v Øm]n-
¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I.

40. 9. hoSp-I-fnse aen--Pew tkmIv]n-än-eqsS
kwkv¡-cn-¡p-I.
10. hoSp-I-fnse Jc-am-enyw hr£-§-fpsS Nph-«n Bgw
Ipd¨v Ipgn-¨n-Sp-I.
11. Pew sI«n n¡p¶ Øe-§-fp-sS-bSp¯v InWÀ
Ipgn-¡p-¶Xv A`n-Im-ay-a-Ã

41. Aby M Mundackal
Mob no: 9496480150
Office mob : 8281112067
Email – abymichael@gmail.com