A Water Audit is an analysis of water consumption. It helps in the Reducing, Reusing and Recycling of water.

1. Water audit for
a school
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2. Water is life
Virtually everything we do or use each day involves
water. Yet, we do not give it the importance that is
due to it. India will soon be a water-stressed country
and we all need to work towards our water security.
Simple actions can be adopted to reduce the
wastage of water and use it wisely.
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3. • INTRODUCTION
– What is a Water Audit?
– How does it help?
– Importance of Water Audit
– Myths
– Audit types
• AUDIT PROCESS
– Conducting Audits – First Steps
– Measurements, Water Consumption
– Water consumption Pattern
• MOVING AHEAD
– Identifying and Fixing the Problem
– Water Conservation
– Awareness
CONTENTS
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4. Definition: Water Audit is a qualitative and quantitative
analysis of water consumption to identify means of
Reducing, Reusing and Recycling of water.
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD4

5. HOW DOES IT HELP?
• A water audit can help save money by reducing school water
bills
• Water conservation helps our cities – Cities are stressed for
water resources.
• A water audit will help reduce wastage and unnecessary use.
• It makes the students more aware and responsible.
• A water audit can be a student project that encompasses a
number of subjects
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD5

6. It is possible to cut your
water usage by 10-30% by
implementing simple
conservation measures
DID YOU KNOW?
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD6

7. IMPORTANCE OF WATER AUDIT
• Systematic process
• May yield some surprising results
• Easier to work on solutions when the problems are identified
• A tracking mechanism can be put into place
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD7

8. MYTHS
Doesn’t compromise on quality of water
Doesn’t make water a priority over studies
Doesn't require the student to stay beyond school hours
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD8

9. AUDIT PROCESS
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10. Planning and process finalization
AUDIT PROCESS
Measurements
Calculations
Audit observations
Report
Discussions
Zeroing in on conservation
steps that can be taken
Implementation
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD10

11. Decide the time period of
your water audit
1 day/yr,
1 wk/yr,
1 month/yr,
1 day/Season
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD11

12. FIRST STEPS
MEASUREMENTS
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD12

13. What are the sources of water for the school ?
• Municipal supply
• Bore well
• Dug well
• Tankers
• Others
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
MEASUREMENTS- SUPPLY
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14. Bore well and Dug well supplies…
1. Measure flow rate ( time taken to fill a 10 litre
bucket at the outlet of the pump.)
3. Use these two to calculate the quantity of water
withdrawn
2. Keep a track of number of hours the pump is on in a
day (record every day of the week for two weeks).
FIRST STEPS- MEASUREMENTS
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
Estimate the quantity of water supplied from each source
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15. Estimate the quantity of water supplied from each source
MEASUREMENTS- SUPPLY
Municipal Supply
Tabulate monthly municipal water supply (from bills)
for the past three years in the supply tracking sheet
For tankers….
Using bills, tabulate the amount of water received
on a monthly basis using the supply tracking sheet
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD14
Tabulate consumption patterns and depict
using graphical tools

16. Map the water points and usage areas
• Draw a plan of the school premises showing the building and main features.
• Mark the water supply inlets and storage tanks
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
FIRST STEPS- MEASUREMENTS
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Municipal supply
Bore well
Dug well
Tankers

17. •Mark all water points (toilets, hand wash points, Sinks in labs,
drinking water fountains, canteen, irrigation taps, water meters,
pumps etc.
•Identify each point with an alphanumeric code
•Colour code freshwater and waste water lines
• Mark where the waste water goes.
• Mark the storm water drain system in the premises, if any.
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD17
FIRST STEPS- MEASUREMENTS

18. L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
GT1 GT2 GT3 GT4
BT1 BT2
BT3 BT4
L- INLET
L- OUTLET
GT- INLET
GT- OUTLET
BT- INLET
BT- OUTLET
CT1 CT2 CT3
C- INLET
C- OUTLET
WASH
BOYS TOILET
GARDEN
WATER TANK
PUMP HOUSE
WATER INLET
DRAIN PIPE
MUNCIPALITY SEWER
DRINKING
TAP
GIRLS TOILET
WASH
LAB
KITCHEN
WATER TANK
DRAIN PIPE
Municipal supply
Bore well
Dug well
Tankers
DN1
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD18
UNDERGROUND SUMP

19. DRAW A WATER FLOW CHART
Supply
Washing
W1 W2 Wn
Gardening
G1 G2 Gn
Drinking
D1 D2 Dn
Underground Sump
Toilets
T1 T2 Tn
Sewage
Overhead Tank
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
FIRST STEPS- MEASUREMENTS
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20. Calculations :
water
consumption
• Can you meter water consumption at various inlet
points?
• Meters are expensive.
• Can you purchase one meter and use it in rotation to
monitor water use at different locations?
• If you cannot afford a meter, use surveys, observations
and calculations
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD20

21. • Calculate the flow of water using a measuring jar
and a stop watch.
• Monitor / survey the time for which the tap is open
in a day.
• Fill this data in the consumption tracking sheet.
Estimating Water use without a meter
Calculations,
water consumption
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
Calculate the quantity of water that flows
out through each tap.
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22. • To calculate flow of toilets, turn off the water supply to
the toilet, mark the water line on the inside of the tank,
flush and then fill the tank with water from mug.
• Measure the volume of one mug and record number of
mugs required to fill water back up to the water line mark.
• Monitor / survey the number of times each toilet is used.
•Fill this data in the consumption tracking sheet.
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
Calculations, water Consumption
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23. • Follow similar procedures to estimate water use at each water
outlet.
• The consumption tracking sheet will help you calculate the
total quantity of water used in a day.
Calculations,
water consumption
Estimating Water use without a meter
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
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24. AUDIT OBSERVATIONS
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25. Speak to the person in charge of the
water valves and pumps.
• Is water usage planned or is pump switched on when water
levels in the tank are low?
• What monitoring mechanisms are in place to check tank overflow?
• How often does the tank overflow?
• How much water is wasted each time the tank overflows?
SUPPLY INPUT
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD25

26. FIXTURES AND FITTINGS
• At each water outlet point
make a note of:
• Type of fixture (dual flush toilet, capacity
of flush tank, type of tap spring-loaded /
screw type / lever, etc.)
• Notice condition of fixtures – dirty,
stuck, leaking, broken etc.
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD26

27. ANALYSIS AND REPORT
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28. WATER
CONSUMPTION
PATTERN
When tabulating the consumption patterns, you may come
across varied results from the normal.
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD28

29. Consumption of water in winter may be less
Consumption of water in summer just before the holidays
may be high
Rainy season – you might not consume water for
gardening purpose
Exams, Weekends and Holidays – water consumption
is likely to be less
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
Allow for variations due to the above reasons when
you are analysing the tabulated results
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30. Supply
Overhead Tank
Washing Toilets Gardening Drinking
X
Y = ?X
0.4Y 0.25Y 0.3Y 0.05Y
Sewage
Underground Sump
Leaks Leaks
Quantify water use in a Flowchart
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
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31. IS THERE A PROBLEM?
Ideal scenario : no losses
There is a problem : losses > 30%
Average scenario : 15 – 30% losses
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD

32. DISCUSSIONS
AND TAKING THE RIGHT STEPS
MOVING AHEAD
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33. FIRST, FIX THE PROBLEMS
• Identify the points where there are losses
• Identify the solutions
• Assign the responsibility for implementation.
• Implement the solutions
• Prepare a Monitoring schedule
• Assign a person for monitoring.
Leaks and overflow
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD33

34. 4. List down your
Suggestions for each area
where water is used
1. Represent water
usage graphically
WAYS TO
CONSERVE
WATER
2. Identify areas where
water can be conserved
3. Conduct
Group discussions
and brainstorming sessions
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD34

35. Keep a check on hoses in the garden
Try out efficient devices like the spray nozzles
Drip Irrigation
Plant native plants that require less water
Change the ground surfaces and vegetation to control run
off in the school grounds
Water the roots of the plant and don't splash water all around
WAYS TO CONSERVE WATER
Garden
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD35

36. Toilets and washing points
• Reduce the flush water volume in toilets.
• Replace single flush cisterns with dual
flush
• Install low flow fixtures for taps.
WAYS TO CONSERVE WATER
Install a rainwater harvesting system and use the
water for toilets, cleaning floors and gardening.
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD36

37. Suggest solutions for these
spaces.
Can the water from the wash
area be diverted to the garden
area for watering the plants ?
TOILET
WASH
LAB
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD37

38. 1. Create interesting
awareness programmes.
2. Praise the water audit
and water conservation
teams during assembly.
3. Request students not to
play with water taps.
AWARENESS
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD38

39. DARWIN ADVISES
• Everything evolves, including
water conservation programs.
• Learn from other schools what
works and what doesn’t.
• Analyze your situation
for the pieces that fit.
• Document….document….
to disseminate it to others.
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD