AUDITING OF A WATER SYSTEM

1. WATER AUDITING
A PERFECT TOOL FOR EFFICIENT WATER MANAGEMENT
Presented By: ATUL RAJ
Roll No. : 203519006
Subject : ENERGY AUDITING AND MANAGEMENT
(EE-635)

2. CONTENTS
 WATER ISSUES IN INDIA
 THREAT
 WHAT IS WATER AUDITING
 IMPORTANCE OF WATER AUDIT
 OBJECTIVES OF WATER AUDIT
 BENEFITS OF WATER AUDIT
 WATER BALANCE
 BASIS OF WATER AUDITING
 AUDIT PROCESS
 WATER CONSERVATION

3. WATER ISSUES IN INDIA
 None of the 35 Indian cities with a population of more than 1 million
supplies water for more than a few hours per day, despite generally
sufficient infrastructure.
 Owing to inadequate pressure, people struggle to collect water even when
it is available.
 According to the WORLD BANK, none of the cities have performance
indicators to compare with average international standards.
 A 2007 study by the Asian development bank showed , no City had
continuous supply of Water.

4. THREAT
Every 2 out of 3
people will be living
with water shortages
by 2025
With the growth of
Demand and decline
in fresh water
availability and the
adverse health effect
from poor water
quality; Scarcity will
result in violence and
Water Wars.

5. WHAT IS WATER AUDITING ?
 Water Audit is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of
Water consumption to identify means of REDUCING,
REUSING AND RECYCLING OF WATER

6. IMPORTANCE OF WATER AUDIT
DIAGNOSIS...
-- BEFORE SOLUTION;
DIAGNOSE
TO DIAGNOSE
............ WATER AUDITING

7. IMPORTANCE OF WATER AUDIT (Cont...)
 A portion of the total water use is Leakage, Water Audit
determines where the water ends up and how much of it got
there.
 Most of the loss that occurs in water systems can be
managed by using a Water Audit.
 On an average 50 percent of the rain fall is within 15 days
and in less than 100 hours, and this water is used for 365
days.
 The Present Water availability of India is 1820 m3 per
capita per annum, which has reduced from 6000 m3 per
capita in 1947.

8. OBJECTIVES OF WATER AUDIT
 To find out physical losses due to pipe leakage and over
flow.
 To find out losses due to metering errors, unauthorized
connections and free water supply given by municipal
authority for public stand post and park in the distribution
system.

9. BENEFITS OF WATER AUDIT
 Water audits allow managers to efficiently reduce water losses in the
system.
 Water audits also identify which water uses are earning revenue for the
utility and which are not. Thus, System personnel can increase revenue
by ensuring all appropriate uses are being accurately measured and
billed.
 It leads to more financial capacity in the water system, reduced cost per
customer and better management of the water resource.
 Water audit helps in creating awareness among water users i.e.,
customers can see and understand that the utility is taking proactive steps
to manage wasted water.
 It is an effective educational and public relations tool for the water
system.

10. WATER BALANCE

11. BASIS OF WATER AUDITING
 Water Audit is based on the continuity Equation
 Water Balance Equation:-
 System Input Volume(SIV) :- The annual volume input to a
transmission or a distribution system, including water exported to other
supply systems.
INCOMING OUTGOING
ACTUAL
CONSUMPTION
LOSSES SIV

12. AUDIT PROCESS
Phase-I : Preparation
Decide the time period
of the water Audit,
Measurements
Phase-II : Execution
Calculations, Audit
Observations, Analysis
& Report
Phase-III : Reporting
Implementation
MEASUREMENTS
CALCULATIONS
AUDIT
OBSERVATIONS
ANALYSIS
&
REPORT
IMPLEMENTATION

13. AUDIT PROCESS :MEASUREMENTS
 Identify the sources of Water. : Municipal Supply, Bore well,
Dug well, Tankers. Others
 Estimate the quantity of water supplied from each source.
 Map the Water points and usage areas.
Mark the water supply inlets and storage tanks.
Identify each point with an alphanumeric code
Colour code fresh water and waste water lines.
Mark, where the waste water goes.

14. AUDIT PROCESS :MEASUREMENTS
 For Bore well and Dug well supplies:
 Measure flow rate
 Keep a track of number of hours the pump is on in a day
 Use these two to calculate the quantity of water withdrawn.
 For Municipal Supply:
 Tabulate Monthly Municipal water supply( from bills) for the
auditing period, in the supply tracking sheet.
 For Tankers:
 Using Bills, Tabulate the amount of water received on a monthly
basis in the supply tracking sheet.

15. AUDIT PROCESS :CALCULATIONS
 We can use flow meter to monitor the water use at different locations.
 Meters are very expensive and it’s not beneficial to use meter in a small
scale Audit.
 To calculate the quantity of water that flows out through each tap.
 Calculate the flow of water using a measuring Jar and a stop watch.
 Monitor the time for which the tap is open in a day.
 Fill the data in the consumption tracking sheet.
 Follow Similar procedures to estimate water use at each water outlet.
 The consumption tracking sheet helps to calculate the total quantity of
water used in a day.

16. AUDIT PROCESS :AUDIT OBSERVATIONS
 Speak to the person in charge of the water valves and pumps:
 Is water usage planned or is pump switched on when water levels
in the tank are low?
 What monitoring mechanisms are in place to check tank overflow?
 How often does the tank overflow?
 How much water is wasted, each time the tank overflows?
 At each water outlet point make a note of :
 Type of fixture : type of tap ( Loaded/Screw type / Lever etc)
 Notice condition of fixtures : Dirty/ Stuck/ Leaking/ Broken etc.

17. AUDIT PROCESS :ANALYSIS & REPORT
 When tabulating the consumption patterns, We may come across varied
results from the normal:
 Consumption of water in winter may be less.
 Consumption of water in summer just before the holidays may be high.
 Consumption of water in Rainy season may be less because we might
not consume water for gardening purpose.
 Exams, Holidays- Water consumption is likely to be less.
 We can allow the variations due to the above reasons when we are
analysing the tabulated results.

18. AUDIT PROCESS :ANALYSIS & REPORT
 Quantify water use in a Flowchart.

 NO LOSSES: IDEAL SCENARIO

 15-30% LOSSES- AVERAGE
 SCENARIO
 LOSSES>30% : THERE IS A
 PROBLEM

19. AUDIT PROCESS :IMPLEMENTATION
For Leaks and Overflow
From the Audit Report, Identify the points where
there are losses.
Identify the solutions.
Assign the responsibility for implementation.
Implement the solutions.
Prepare a monitoring schedule.
Assign a person for monitoring.

20. WATER CONSERVATION: A PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE
 GARDEN:
 Keep a check on hoses in the garden.
 Try out efficient devices like the spray nozzles, Drip Irrigation.
 Plant native plants that require less water.
 Water the roots of the plant and don’t splash water all around.
 TOILETS AND WASHING POINTS:
 Reduce the flush water volume in toilets.
 Install low flow fixtures for taps.
 Install a Rainwater harvesting system and use the water for toilets, cleaning
floors and gardening.
 We can divert the water from the wash area to garden area for watering the
plants.