Solid waste disposal Laws & Regulation Solid waste formulation Plastic waste formulation Recycling Data Thickness Biopolymers Bans

1. Solid waste
management
Australia
Solid Waste
Strategies &
Laws in
Australia
Group 8

2. Contents
 Solid waste disposal
 Laws & Regulation
 Solid waste formulation
 Plastic waste formulation
 Recycling Data
 Thickness
 Biopolymers
 Bans

3. Members
 Muhammad Faizan Asif 2015-PE-
14
 Muhammad Tayyab Babar 2015-PE-
32
 Muhammad Afaq 2015-PE-38

4. What is waste
 Any discarded,
rejected,
abandoned,
unwanted or
surplus matter,
whether or not
intended for
sale or for
recycling.
<www.epa.sa.gov.au/environmental_info/waste/ what_is_waste>.
Source: Waste Framework Directive European Directive 2008/98/E

5. Solid waste disposal
 Knowledge of the sources and types of solid wastes,
along with data on the composition and rates of
generation, is basic to the design and operation of solid
waste disposal systems.
 Municipal waste: Collection of household waste, away from home
collection, and hard waste collection, predominantly consists of
putrescible materials such as paper, garden and kitchen waste.
 Commercial and industrial waste: Relatively higher proportions of
metals, plastics and timber which can make waste a valuable source of
recyclable product.
 Construction and demolition waste: Waste which is mostly
inert materials such as timber, bricks, plaster off cuts, concrete, rubble,
steel, and excavated earth.
http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/environmental_info/waste_management/solid_w

6. National Waste Policy
 The first comprehensive domestic approach
to waste was agreed under the 1992 National
Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable
Development by the Council of Australian
Governments.
 Waste generation has increased by 31 per
cent to 43.8 million tones over the period
2002-03 to 2006-07.
 Hazardous waste generation has doubled
from 0.64 million tones to 1.19 million tones
per annum over the period 2002-03 to 2006-
07 and now appears to have stabilized.
 Resource recovery from waste has increased
over this period to 22.7 million tones
http://www.environment.gov.au/protection/national-waste-policy/abo

7. National Waste Policy
 Key areas and strategies
Pursuing
sustainability
Tailoring
solutions
Taking
Responsibilitie
Providing
the evidence
Reduce
hazard &
Risk
Improving
Market
Key
Areas
Waste and Recycling in Australia Final Report 200

8. Solid waste formulation
Municipal waste
Commercial & Industrial waste
Food 26%
Paper 26%
Wood 2%
Organic 10%
Non organic
36%
Food 6%
Paper 55%
Wood 14%
Organic 3%
Non organic
22%
Waste and Recycling in Australia Final Report 2008

9. Solid waste formulation
Super Market waste
Restaurant waste
Food Packaging
46%
Paper 3%
Food
Unpackaged
27%
Other waste
22%
Paper 7%
Cardboard 9%
Food 56%
Other material
28%
Waste and Recycling in Australia Final Report

10. Plastic waste formulation
Packaging
Building & Construction
Automotive
Electrical &
Electronics
Agriculture
Others (include sectors such
as consumer and household
appliances, furniture,
sport, health and safety)
105,000
tones
41.6%
22.3%
8.5%
5.6%
4.3%
21.7%

12. Different plastics for different
needs
Australian plastics demand* by polymer type 2015

13. Recycling
 Series of activities by which solid
wastes are collected, sorted,
processed and converted into raw
materials to be used in production of
new products.
 Why recycle….Australians are the second highest producers of waste, per
person, in the world with each of us sending over
690 kilograms of waste to landfill each year (the United States
is the highest waste producer). The amount of waste placed in
landfill each year in Australia is enough to cover the state of
Victoria.

15. Plastic Bags
Thickness/weight
 The plastic carry bag is an established
part of Australian shopping. In
Australia, two main types of plastic
bags are used in the retail sector: the
“boutique” style bag made of low
density polyethylene (LDPE); and the
“singlet” type bag made of high
density polyethylene (HDPE).
It was estimated in 2002 that HDPE bags accounted for more than
85% of total plastic carry bags.
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/3B0DD93AB123A68BCA257234007B6A2F?OpenDocument

16. Plastic Bags
 Weight : The weight of HDPE bags
Super market bag 5–7 grams.
Normal used bags 2-8 grams.
 In 2002, 7 billions new bags were
used by consumer , Around 6 billion of
these are HDPE bags and 900 million
are LDPE bags.
Only 14% of total bags return to market for
recycling
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/3B0DD93AB123A68BCA257234007B6A2F?OpenDocum

18. Plastic Bags
 National Packaging Covenant Council
take an action
Aspirational goal of reducing plastic
bags litter by 75% .
Ambitious target for Recycling and
Reducing plastic bags.
Developing national standards for
biodegradable plastics.
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/3B0DD93AB123A68BCA257234007B6A2F?OpenDo

19. Reduction in consumption of
plastic bags

20. Disposal Strategy
 Landfill: Australia has a strong dependence on
landfill for waste management with more than 17
million tones deposited in 2002–03. The overall
landfill disposal rate is estimated to be 54%
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4613.0Chapter40Jan+2010#

21. Waste Strategy

22.  Other strategy are:
 Composting
 Recycling
 Reuse
 Incinerated
 Embodied green house gas emission:
 Recycling is best option to save energy.

23. Bio degradable Bags
 Are designed for single use
 Starch based bags (from renewable
resources):
◦ Corn
◦ Wheat
◦ Potato
 Polycaprolactone blended with corn-
starch
 PE blend with prodegradant additive
◦ Additive at level of 1-3%

24. Cont.
 Biodegradable bags have the disadvantage
that they could potentially contaminate plastic
Recycling programs, particularly those
already established for shopping bags and
reduce the
 If biodegradable bags end up in landfill, they
will degrade faster than conventional
polyethylene bags and could potentially
increase the degradation of food waste if
used as bin liners.
 A consequence of this is that they will also
contribute to greenhouse gas generation
when they degrade.

26. Clean up Australia Day (4th
March)
 Plastic has remained the most common
category of rubbish picked up on Clean
Up Australia day over the last 20 years.
In 2009, it made up 29% of all rubbish
found. Of the plastic rubbish found,
17.6% were plastic bags with an average
of 40 plastic bags being found at each
Clean Up site.
 That means there is an average of half a
million shopping bags collected every
year on Clean Up Australia day
http://www.cleanup.org.au/au/Campaigns/plastic-bag-facts

27. Plastic bag ban (1 November
2011)
 The ban has reduced plastic bag use (South
Australia), with shoppers encouraged to bring
their own bags. Overall the ban has reduced the
volume of plastic bag waste going to landfill by
around one-third.
 The ban applies to all retailers in the ACT for
single-use, lightweight polyethylene polymer
plastic bags that are less than 35 microns in
thickness (these are the thin plastic bags with
handles that were typically supplied at
supermarkets check-outs). The ban does not
apply to other bags such as barrier bags for fruit
and vegetables.
http://www.environment.act.gov.au/wa
ste/plastic-bag-ban

28. Summary
 According to waste and recycling report
2008, super market plastic waste is 73%.
 In Australia,690 kg waste per capita is
deposited in landfill annually.
 Total plastic generate west Australia (2008)
was105,000 tones, 18,000 tones recycled
and 87,000 tones disposed.
 In super market 85% HDPE bags used
weight 5-7 grams and only 14% recycled.
 57% of total waste disposed in landfill.
 In south Australia plastic bag thickness 35
microns is limited value.

29. Thank You
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