Environment friendly dyeing processes for cotton ppt
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The document discusses various environmentally friendly dyeing processes for cotton textiles. It focuses on using bifunctional reactive dyes that have high fixation rates and reduce dye concentrations in effluents. Low salt reactive dyes and glucose are proposed as alternatives to reduce salt levels in effluents from reactive and sulfur dyeing respectively. Iron complexes and electrochemical reduction methods are suggested to replace sodium hydrosulfite in vat dyeing. The aim is to make dyeing more sustainable by minimizing pollution from dye effluents.
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Environment friendly dyeing processes for cotton ppt
The document discusses various environmentally friendly dyeing processes for cotton textiles. It describes using bifunctional reactive dyes that have high fixation rates and reduce dye concentrations in effluents. Low salt reactive dyes and glucose replacements for sodium hydrosulphite and sodium sulphide are also presented as reducing pollution in effluents. Iron complexes and electrochemical reduction methods are discussed as alternatives to hydrosulphite for vat dyeing. The aim is to minimize chemicals in effluents and make dyeing more sustainable.
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The document discusses various cleaner production technologies that can make textile chemical processing more environmentally friendly. It covers eco-friendly approaches to fiber cultivation, dyeing, finishing, and identifying eco-friendly textiles. Some key points include using bifunctional reactive dyes for lower color in effluent, iron complexes or glucose as alternatives to hydrosulphite in vat dyeing, and bio-finishing of denim which is now well-established.
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The document discusses the dyeing of cotton with vat dyes. It describes the general properties of vat dyes, including being insoluble in water and requiring reduction to a water-soluble form prior to dyeing. The document outlines the four main steps of vat dyeing cotton: reduction of the insoluble dye to soluble form, dyeing the cotton, oxidizing the dye inside the fiber, and soaping for brightness and fastness. It provides details on exhaust and continuous/semi-continuous dyeing methods.
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Sulfur dyes are prepared by reacting phenols, amines, or nitro compounds with sulfur and caustic soda under heat. They contain sulfur-sulfur bonds that make them insoluble in water but soluble in the presence of sodium sulfide and soda ash. Sulfur dyes are cheap and easy to apply to cotton, with good wet and light fastness. However, the exact chemical structures of sulfur dyes are unknown and they have poor fastness to chlorine.
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Environment friendly dyeing processes for cotton ppt
The document discusses various environmentally friendly dyeing processes for cotton textiles. It describes using bifunctional reactive dyes that have high fixation rates and reduce dye concentrations in effluents. Low salt reactive dyes and glucose replacements for sodium hydrosulphite and sodium sulphide are also presented as reducing pollution in effluents. Iron complexes and electrochemical reduction methods are discussed as alternatives to hydrosulphite for vat dyeing. The aim is to minimize chemicals in effluents and make dyeing more sustainable.
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Sulfur dyes are prepared by reacting phenols, amines, or nitro compounds with sulfur and caustic soda under heat. They contain sulfur-sulfur bonds that make them insoluble in water but soluble in the presence of sodium sulfide and soda ash. Sulfur dyes are cheap and easy to apply to cotton, with good wet and light fastness. However, the exact chemical structures of sulfur dyes are unknown and they have poor fastness to chlorine.
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The document discusses various methods for making cotton dyeing more environmentally friendly. It focuses on reducing the amount of dyes, salts, and other chemicals released in effluents. Some key methods mentioned are using bifunctional reactive dyes for lower color effluents, low salt reactive dyes to reduce salt, replacing sodium hydrosulfite and sodium sulfide reducing agents, and dyeing at lower liquor ratios. The goal is to meet environmental standards while maintaining dye yield and fabric quality.
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The document discusses various methods for making cotton dyeing more environmentally friendly. It focuses on reducing the amount of dyes, salts, and other chemicals released in effluents. Some key methods mentioned are using bifunctional reactive dyes for lower color effluents, low salt reactive dyes to reduce salt, replacing sodium hydrosulfite and sodium sulfide reducing agents, and dyeing at lower liquor ratios. The goal is to meet environmental standards while maintaining dye yield and fastness properties.
Lecture 10 environment friendly dyeing of cotton
The document discusses various methods for making cotton dyeing more environmentally friendly. It focuses on reducing the amount of dyes, salts, and other chemicals released in effluents. Some key methods mentioned are using bifunctional reactive dyes for lower color effluents, low salt reactive dyes to reduce salt, replacing sodium hydrosulfite and sodium sulfide reducing agents, and dyeing at lower liquor ratios. The goal is to meet environmental standards while maintaining dye yield and fastness properties.
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The document discusses various waste minimization techniques used in the textile industry, including process optimizations, chemical substitutions, and effluent treatment. Specific examples include replacing starch with PVA in sizing, using low-salt reactive dyes, lowering liquor ratios in dyeing, and treating effluent with screening, equalization, coagulation, sedimentation, and activated sludge processes. A case study describes measures taken at a textile mill in India that reduced total effluent volume by 25,000 liters per day and pollution load by 40-45% through various waste reduction efforts.
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The document discusses various waste minimization techniques used in the textile industry, including process optimizations, chemical substitutions, and effluent treatment. Specific examples include replacing starch with PVA in sizing, using low-salt reactive dyes, lowering liquor ratios in dyeing, and treating effluent with screening, equalization, coagulation, sedimentation, and activated sludge processes to reduce COD and BOD loads by 40-45%.
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The document discusses various waste minimization techniques used in the textile industry, including process optimizations, chemical substitutions, and effluent treatment. Specific examples include replacing starch with PVA in sizing, using low-salt reactive dyes, lowering liquor ratios in dyeing, and treating effluent with screening, equalization, coagulation, sedimentation, and activated sludge processes. A case study describes measures taken at a textile mill in India that reduced total effluent volume by 25,000 liters per day and pollution load by 40-45% through various waste reduction efforts.
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The document discusses various waste minimization techniques used in the textile industry, including case studies. It describes optimizing processes like dyeing to reduce water and chemical usage. Specific examples include using low-salt reactive dyes that reduce salt loads in effluent and substituting chemicals like acetic acid with less polluting alternatives. An effluent treatment plant case study showed implementing these techniques helped meet pollution control standards.
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Lecture 10 environment friendly dyeing of cotton
The document discusses various methods for making cotton dyeing more environmentally friendly. It focuses on reducing the amount of dyes, salts, and other chemicals released in effluents. Some key methods mentioned are using bifunctional reactive dyes for lower color effluents, low salt reactive dyes to reduce salt, replacing sodium hydrosulfite and sodium sulfide reducing agents, and dyeing at lower liquor ratios. The goal is to meet environmental standards while maintaining dye yield and fastness properties.
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The document discusses the discovery and development of reactive dyes for dyeing cotton fabrics. Reactive dyes were discovered in 1956 and allow for covalent bonding between dye molecules and cellulose fibers. They are classified as mono-functional or bi-functional depending on whether they contain one or two reactive groups. Common reactive groups include dichlorotriazine, monochlorotriazine, and vinyl sulphone. The document also describes different dyeing methods for reactive dyes such as batch, pad-batch, pad-dry, and pad-dry-bake and provides statistics on global cotton dyeing with reactive dyes.
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Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes
This document summarizes the key properties and processes involved in dyeing cotton with vat dyes. Vat dyes are insoluble in water but can be converted to a water-soluble form through a process called vatting, which involves reducing the dye and forming a salt. Cotton is dyed by first converting the vat dye to its soluble form, dyeing the cotton, then reoxidizing the dye inside the fiber. The document outlines the chemical classes of vat dyes and the steps involved in vat dyeing cotton fabric using exhaust or continuous methods.
Dyeing of polyester
The document discusses various methods for dyeing polyester fibers, including:
1) Batch dyeing without carriers involves dyeing at a boil without additives to help penetration.
2) Carrier dyeing uses compounds to swell the fibers and allow deeper dye penetration.
3) High temperature, high pressure (HTHP) dyeing penetrates dye rapidly at 120-130°C without carriers.
4) Continuous thermosol dyeing involves padding, drying, and fixing dye within fibers at 190-220°C.
3. digital printing technologies
The document discusses various digital printing technologies, focusing on inkjet printing methods. It describes two main inkjet technologies: continuous inkjet (CIJ) and drop-on-demand (DOD). CIJ uses a continuous stream of ink broken into droplets through pressure, while DOD only deposits ink droplets when needed in response to digital signals. Common DOD methods are thermal bubble jet and piezoelectric, with the latter providing higher resolution and suitability for wider ranges of inks. The technologies each have advantages and limitations for different applications like textile printing.
93, 94 introduction to digital printing
This document compares and contrasts analog and digital printing technologies. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each, such as analog printing being better for mass production while digital is more suitable for variable, personalized, or short print runs. The document also examines factors to consider when choosing a printing method like image quality, production speed, and cost. Additionally, it describes how some systems combine analog and digital to leverage the strengths of both.
4. essential elements for inkjet printing
This document discusses the essential elements required for inkjet printing of textiles. It outlines the necessary hardware including computers, software, printers, and fabric pre-treatment machines. It also discusses ink requirements including formulations for different fiber types and extended color gamuts. Finally, it addresses challenges in commercializing the technology such as printing speeds and the future potential of digital printing for mass customization and integrated production systems.
Digital printing asian dyer extended version)
Digital printing offers several advantages over conventional analog printing methods for textiles. It allows for mass customization and quick turnaround due to minimal press setup times. Digital printing can change color schemes or designs in real time during production. It also produces less waste and has a lower environmental impact than screen printing. However, digital printing has lower throughput than analog methods and higher costs for long runs. It also requires specially coated substrates and has limitations in ink color options and opacity.
Dyeing of polyester
The document discusses various methods for dyeing polyester fibers, including:
1) Batch dyeing without carriers involves dyeing at a boil without additives to help penetration.
2) Carrier dyeing uses compounds to swell the fibers and allow deeper dye penetration.
3) High temperature, high pressure (HTHP) dyeing penetrates dye rapidly at over 120°C without carriers.
4) Continuous thermosol dyeing involves padding, drying, and fixing dye within fibers at 190-220°C.
Dyeing of pet wool blends
This document discusses methods for high temperature dyeing of wool-polyester blends to minimize damage to the wool. It recommends using formaldehyde or similar agents to protect the wool at temperatures up to 120°C. Specific dyeing times and temperatures are provided for different levels of wool protection. One-bath and two-bath dyeing methods are described that allow deep shades while reducing staining of the wool component. Post-treatment and troubleshooting steps are also outlined.
Dyeing of polyamide fibres
This document discusses the dyeing of polyamide fibers like wool, silk, and nylon. It explains the dyeing mechanisms and how the structure of polyamide fibers allows them to be dyed using different dye classes like acid dyes, chrome dyes, and reactive dyes depending on the desired properties like colorfastness. Factors like pH, temperature, and use of leveling agents affect dye uptake and uniformity. Different types of acid dyes provide varying colorfastness and are suitable for different applications depending on those properties.
Indroduction to printing
The document discusses different types of textile printing methods. It begins by distinguishing between dyeing and printing, noting that dyeing results in uniform coloration while printing applies color locally in designs. It then covers various printing styles like direct, resist, and discharge printing. The document concludes by describing common printing methods such as block, stencil, roller, screen, and digital printing.
General composition of print paste
The document summarizes the general composition and essential qualities of print pastes used in textile printing. Print pastes typically contain dyestuffs, thickeners, solvents, humectants, oxidizing agents, and defoaming agents. Thickeners are important for ensuring the print paste sinks into the fabric quickly and adheres properly after printing and drying. Other components like hydroscopic agents and pH controllers help facilitate dye fixation during steam treatment. Proper selection and balance of ingredients is necessary for achieving high quality, well-defined prints on fabrics.
Pigment printing
There are key differences between dye and pigment printing. Pigments have no affinity for fibers and are insoluble in water, requiring a binder to fix them onto fibers. Dyes have affinity for fibers and are water soluble. Pigment printing uses a binder that is an aqueous emulsion copolymer which polymerizes during curing to form a strong film embedding the pigment and adhering it to the fiber. Suitable thickeners for pigment printing are emulsion or synthetic thickeners which do not interact negatively with the binder. Emulsion thickeners are prepared using oil, water, emulsifiers and other agents, while synthetic thickeners are high molecular weight copolymers that thicken when
Indroduction to printing
The document discusses different types of textile printing methods. It distinguishes between dyeing and printing, noting that dyeing results in uniform coloration while printing applies color locally in designs. Printing uses an aqueous medium of high viscosity to prevent color from spreading. Common printing methods described include block, stencil, roller, screen, and digital printing. Resist and discharge styles of printing are also outlined.
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