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![Climate Change & the Challenge
of Poverty Alleviation
26 - 28 July, 2012
Centre for Climate Change and Environment Advisory
DR. MCR HRD Institute Campus, Hyderabad
26 July 2012
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
Chief Executive Officer [CEO],
GEOECOLOGY ENERGY ORGANISATION [GEO]
http://e-geo.org](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/vulnerabilityandimpactassessment-climatechange-120728041429-phpapp01/85/Vulnerability-and-Impact-Assessment-climate-change-1-320.jpg)
![Climate Change & the Challenge
of Poverty Alleviation
26 - 28 July, 2012
Centre for Climate Change and Environment Advisory
DR. MCR HRD Institute Campus, Hyderabad
26 July 2012
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
Chief Executive Officer [CEO],
GEOECOLOGY ENERGY ORGANISATION [GEO]
http://e-geo.org](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/vulnerabilityandimpactassessment-climatechange-120728041429-phpapp01/75/Vulnerability-and-Impact-Assessment-climate-change-1-2048.jpg)
Uploaded bySai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka
Vulnerability and Impact Assessment climate change
The document discusses how climate change and variability impacts poverty alleviation efforts, with a focus on vulnerability assessments and enhancing adaptive capacity. It provides information on climate trends in India, the national action plan to address climate change, and strategies to improve rural livelihoods and agricultural resilience through integrated approaches at the community level. The challenges of climate change, soil health, water management, and energy access for rural populations are examined.
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Vulnerability and Impact Assessment climate change
- 1. Climate Change &the Challenge of Poverty Alleviation 26 - 28 July, 2012 Centre for Climate Change and Environment Advisory DR. MCR HRD Institute Campus, Hyderabad 26 July 2012 Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy Chief Executive Officer [CEO], GEOECOLOGY ENERGY ORGANISATION [GEO] http://e-geo.org
- 2. Present carbon cycle Storage and flux of carbon (in billions of tones) SPEED OF EXCHANGE PROCESS Very fast (less than 1 year) Fast (1 to 10 years) Slow (10 to 100 years) Very slow (more than 100 years)
- 3.
- 4. Variation of thetemperature on Earth
- 5. Temperature trends (1976to 2000)
- 6. Precipitation trends (1900to 2000)
- 7. TEMPERATURE PRECIPITATIONS 5 degrees = What separates us from the last glacial era (-15 000 BC) Models’Source : IPCC/SRESA2+1,4 to +5,8 degrees by 2100. forecasts :
- 8. Visual impact ofClimate Change
- 9. Impact of ClimateChange on society …Katrina, Rita, Stan, Wilma… Climate change will cause heavier tropical cyclones.
- 10. Cost of extremeweather events
- 11. Less visual butwith major impact Agriculture and food security Consequences of Crop yields, irrigation demands... climate change: Forest Composition, health and productivity... Water resources Water supply, water quality... Coastal areas Erosion, inundation, cost of prevention... Species and natural areas > Temperature increase Biodiversity, modification of ecosystems... > Sea level rise > More rain Human health Infectious diseases, human settlements...
- 12. Vulnerability Vulnerability to climatechange is the risk of adverse things happening Vulnerability is a function of three factors: Exposure Sensitivity Adaptive capacity
- 13. Exposure Exposure iswhat is at risk from climate change, e.g., Population Resources Property It is also the climate change that an affected system will face, e.g., Sea level Temperature Precipitation Extreme events
- 14. Sensitivity Biophysical effect of climate change Change in crop yield, runoff, energy demand It considers the socioeconomic context, e.g., the agriculture system Grain crops typically are sensitive Manufacturing typically is much less sensitive
- 15. Adaptive Capacity Capability to adapt Function of: Wealth Technology Education Institutions Information Infrastructure “Social capital” Having adaptive capacity does not mean it is used effectively
- 16. Vulnerability is a Functionof … More exposure and sensitivity increase vulnerability More adaptive capacity decreases vulnerability An assessment of vulnerability should consider all three factors
- 17. Adaptation “adjustment in naturalor human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm of exploits beneficial opportunities” (Third Assessment Report, Working Group II) Includes “actual” (realized) or “expected” (future) changes in climate
- 18. Adaptation (continued) Two types of adaptation Autonomous adaptation or reactive adaptation tends to be what people and systems do as impacts of climate change become apparent Anticipatory or proactive adaptation are measures taken to reduce potential risks of future climate change
- 19. SL framework: Determinantsof adaptive capacity Livelihood Examples resources Human Knowledge, Skills Social Women’s savings and loans groups, farmer- CBOs Physical Irrigation infrastructure, seed and grain storage facilities Natural Reliable water source, productive land Financial Micro-insurance, diversified income sources Policies, institutions and power structures
- 20.
- 21. PROSOPIS JULIFLORA -CAUSE AND USE Decrease in rainfall SEMI-ARID Climate change / variability High temperatures ENVRIONMENT Increase in intensity of cultivation -Energy Needs -Charcoal Making Groundwater + Contribution of salts - Biochar use -Use of complex fertilizers - Wood for utility -Surfacing of natural salts -Pods / leaves as from deep inside the ground livestock feed through groundwater ALKALINE SOILS Poor germination, Fallow Suitable for Non-availability of soil minerals lands growth of Decrease in yield Prosopis Juliflora
- 22. “VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT ANDENHANSING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN SEMI-ARID AREAS OF INDIA” Policies/Structures Vulnerability Adaptability Rural Poverty Livelihoods Diversification Community Empowerment Energy Bio Diversity Agriculture Production Water Resources Climate Change Appropriate Skills Water Management SCENARIO 1 Human / Social Natural / Environmental / Physical Economic / Political 22 AFPRO
- 23. Vulnerability assessment tools CC Vulnerability assessment tools Software / assessment tools Cristal Other tools
- 24. Climate Changes in India Increase in surface temperature by 0.4 degree C over the past century. Warming trend along the west coast, in central India, the interior peninsula, and northeastern India.
- 25. Climate Changes inIndia Cooling trend in northwest India and parts of South India. Regional monsoon variations: increased monsoon seasonal rainfall along the west coast, northern Andhra Pradesh and North- western India, decreased monsoon seasonal rainfall over eastern Madhya Pradesh, North- eastern India, and parts
- 26. Climate Changes inIndia Observed trends of multi- decadal periods of more frequent droughts, followed by less severe droughts. Studies have shown a rising trend in the frequency of heavy rain events and decrease in frequency of moderate events over central India from 1951 to 2000. 26
- 27. Climate Changes in India Records of coastal tide gauges in the north Indian ocean for the last 40 years has revealed an estimated sea level rise between 1.06- 1.75 mm per year. The available monitoring data on Himalayan glaciers indicates recession of some glaciers. 27
- 28. Per-capita Carbon –dioxideemission (Metric Tons) 25 20.01 20 15 11.71 9.4 9.87 10 5 3.6 4.25 1.02 0 USA Europe Japan China Russia India World average
- 29. Impacts of ClimateChanges Water resources Agriculture and food production Health Forests Coastal areas Vulnerability to extreme events Bioenergy Livelihoods Environment Economy Ecology 29
- 30. National Action Planfor Climate Change (NAPCC) Protecting the poor and vulnerable sections of society through sustainable development sensitive to climate change Achieving national growth objectives through a qualitative change in direction, ecological sustainability, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. 30
- 31. National Action Planfor Climate Change (NAPCC) Efficient and cost effective strategies for end use Demand side Management. Technologies for adaptation and mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions. Promote sustainable development - Regulatory and voluntary mechanisms 31
- 32. Core of NAPCC- National Missions National Solar Mission:The NAPCC aims to promote the development and use of solar energy for power generation and other uses with the ultimate objective of making solar competitive with fossil-based energy options. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency: Current initiatives are expected to yield These National Missions are being institutionalized by the respective Ministries/ Departments. 2012. savings of 10,000 MW by
- 33. Core of NAPCC- National Missions National Mission on Sustainable Habitat: To promote energy efficiency as a core component of urban planning. National Water Mission: With water scarcity projected to worsen as a result of climate change, the plan sets a goal of a 20% improvement in water use efficiency through pricing and other measures.
- 34. Core of NAPCC- National Missions National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem: The plan aims to conserve biodiversity, forest cover, and other ecological values in the Himalayan region, where glaciers that are a major source of India’s water supply are projected to recede as a result of global warming. National Mission for a “Green India”: Goals include the afforestation of 6 million hectares of degraded forest lands and expanding forest cover from 23% to 33% of India’s territory.
- 35. Core of NAPCC- National Missions National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: The plan aims to support climate adaptation in agriculture through the development of climate-resilient crops, expansion of weather insurance mechanisms, and agricultural practices. National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change: To gain a better understanding of climate science, impacts and challenges, the plan envisions a new Climate Science Research Fund, improved climate modeling, and increased international collaboration. It also encourage private sector initiatives to develop adaptation and mitigation technologies through venture capital funds.
- 36. Source: New IndianExpress
- 38. Rural Livlihoods -Resources The livelihoods of the rural poor are directly dependent on environmental resources. land Water Forests Energy Are vulnerable to weather and climate variability groundwater forest water stress soil fertility levels habitats increases declines recede disappear.
- 39. Rural Poor Paying themost Climate change will only exacerbate the vulnerabilities of the rural poor. As climate- sensitive, natural ecosystems deteriorate, subsi stence will slip further out of reach.
- 40. India’s rural poor, whohave least contributed to Climate Change, will pay some of the problem’s heaviest tolls.
- 41. In the lifeof a farmer climate Variability and Extreme events are more important than climate change
- 42. Climate Change / Variabilityin Semi-arid regions Precipitation is less than potential evapo- transpiration. Low annual rainfall of 25 to 60 centimeters and having scrubby vegetation with short, coarse grasses; not completely arid.
- 43. Climate Change /Variability in Semi-arid regions Climate Variability and extremes are an expected characteristic of semi-arid lands. The people vulnerable to droughts, which trigger frequent subsistence crises In Andhra Pradesh Increasing crop failures, dislocation, famine, poverty, increases 2009 witness to stratification and the social inequities. • 50 years old drought • 100 years old flood
- 44. “VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT ANDENHANSING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN SEMI-ARID AREAS OF INDIA” Policies/Structures Vulnerability Adaptability Rural Poverty Livelihoods Diversification Community Empowerment Energy Bio Diversity Agriculture Production Water Resources Climate Change Appropriate Skills Water Management SCENARIO 1 Human / Social Natural / Environmental / Physical Economic / Political 44 AFPRO
- 45.
- 46. Major challenges ofAgriculture Climate change - Soil fertility Water variability - management extremes Impact of Burning of crop Alkalinity of soils hazardous residue pesticides and nitrogen
- 47. 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0 195152 195253 195354 195455 195556 195657 195758 195859 195960 196061 196162 196263 196364 196465 196566 196667 196768 196869 196970 197071 197172 197273 197374 197475 197576 197677 197778 197879 197980 198081 198182 198283 198384 198485 198586 198687 198788 198889 198990 199091 199192 199293 199394 199495 199596 199697 199798 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506 200607 R2 = 0.1374 Mahabubnagar District Rainfall Pattern 200708 200809 200910 y = -4.6207x + 851.14 201011 201112 201213 201314
- 48. Crop Water Soil Climate Energy Environment
- 49. Field level interventions ACTIVITY CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT FACILITATION RESEARCH
- 50. INCREAS ED PRODUC SOIL SPIRITU CARBON TEMPER AL TION SEQUES ATURE TRATION REGULAT ED CREMAT BELIEFS ION TERMITE MOISTUR S / ANTS E CULTUR REPULSI RETENTI AL ON ON ALTARS RITUALS ENER GY EARTHW WATER ORMS SOIL FESTIVA CONSER INCREAS AMENDMENT LS VATION E BIOC HAR NITROGE N/ BIOMASS BIOCHAR PHOSPH COMPOS OROUS T FOOD RETENTI INSECT PRESE ON REPEL RVING SOIL LENT FOOD MICROBE S NURSERI FILTERI DENSITY PESTICID ES CLEANI NG INCREAS ES NG MEDIA E ADBSOR BTION GOOD STOVES SOAK MEDICI • TLUDs PITS NE • Other stoves POULTRY - CH4 PRACTICES REDUCTI ON BIOCH AR MATTR WASTE SOURCE URINAL ESS MANAGE S CROP S MENT (BIOMAS RESIDUE • Sludge S) BIOCH TOOTH ANIMALS AR POWD BRICKS ER AQUAR AIR POULTR LIVESTOC IUM / QUALITY FYM / K - URINE Y LITTER TERRA WATER • CO2 / COMPOST AND RIUMS TREAT CH4 DUNG MENT Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy, GEO http://e-geo.org | http://biocharculture.com
- 51. RITUAL / SPIRITUAL / AGRICUTU SANITATIO SOIL ANIMALS ENERGY HABITAT HEALTH WATER RELIGIOUS RE N / PRACTICE S APPLICATIO PADDY N IN ANIMAL BIOCHAR SOURCE FIRE / ALTAR METHANE PLACES TO BIOCHAR URINALS FROM / YAGNAS / EMISSIONS TAP BRICKS CLEANING EFFICIENT AGNIHOTRA REDUCTION URINE, SANI TEETH TLUD COOK TATION AND STOVES BIOCHAR EMISSIONS REDUCTION BIOCHAR PESTICIDE & TOILETS COMPLEX BIOCHAR IN FIRE DURING CHEMICALS AQUARIUMS WATER FESTIVALS AFFECTS RUMINANT AS BY PURIFICATIO MITIGATION ANIMALS PRODUCT N– METHANE BIOCHAR IN FROM BIOCHAR COLOR, ODO EMISSIONS CATTLE GASIFIER TABLETS R, REMOVAL EMMISIONS REDUCTION SHEDS STOVES, BOI OF HARMFUL REDUCTION AS FEED LERS ETC ELEMENTS, FROM FARM ADDITIVE BIOCHAR IN ETC. CREMATION YARD POULTRY S MANURES FARMS CLEANING AND PLATES / COMPOSTS UTENSILS BIOCHAR SOAKING IN CHARCOAL BIOCHAR IN COMPOST WITH PRODUCTIO FOOD AS ANIMALS N FROM NATURAL / CROP BIOCHAR IN PART OF URINE AND BIOMASS / ARTIFICIAL RESIDUE FRIDGES, MA FOOD EXCRETA - WASTE FIRES IN MANAGEME TTRESSES, E BATHING PREPARATIO VALUE MANAGEME FORESTS / NT TC. NS ADDITION NT FIELDS, ETC.
- 52. Biocharculture Biocharculture isthe process of using Biochar, including for cultivation of crops • Biochar is the charcoal produced from carbonaceous source material. Sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems • Biocharculture is one of the means to integrate for sustainable cultivation and carbon sequestration. • Biochar is usually produced at around temperatures 300 to 600 degrees centigrade for example as found in the common biomass cook stoves. • Because of its macromolecular structure dominated by aromatic C, Biochar is more recalcitrant to microbial decomposition than uncharred organic matter
- 53. Biocharculture Adaptation benefits Lessen the impact of hazardous Securing the crop pesticides and Reclaim the water from drought and complex degraded soils, conservation, climate variabiiity chemicals & to reduce plant uptake. reducing Conversion of emissions and crop residue into increases in increasing the Biochar an option Increase in crop C, N, pH, and sequestration of and address yield available P to the greenhouse carbon plants gases sequestration Increase in the Reduction in Impacts of Temperature soil microbes / leaching of the bio Biochar last more regulation in the worms at the / chem fertilizers than 1000 years. soil biochar and soil applied interface
- 54. CONTROL AND BIOCHAR- OKRA Farmers focus 80% ON CROP 20% ON SOIL
- 55.
- 56. APPLICATION IN THEFIELDS
- 57. OKRA - CONTROLAND BIOCHAR PLOTS CONTROL BIOCHAR COMPOST 4 KGS 8 KGS 12 KGS
- 58. BIOCHAR CONTROL 1.5 FEET 6 FEET
- 59. Adaptation Initiatives Requirement Objective 1 Better SMC conservation - Support for management of Addition of OM (compost, Labor Cost soil moisture manures, GM,GLM) Cover crop, mulching, - Biomass residue incorporation availability 2 Efficient use of Minimising the ground - Credit support Ground water water usage for critical irrigation. - Community Social regulations to support control competitive digging of bore wells Increasing SRI under borewell and - Comm.support efficiency of tanks - Technical water use support Micro-irrigation methods - Credit/financial (drips, spriklers) support
- 60. Adaptation Initiatives Requirement Objectives 3 Diversify Crop diversification from - Drought , stress r crop / farm wheat, paddy to resistant varieties systems millets, Maize, Sorghum - Timely availability of Mono cropping to seeds, contingency intercropping, mixed seeds cropping - Credit for seeds Soil fertility improvement through cropping systems - CB on technology Encouraging horticulture - Good planting material Biomass improvement/ - Timely availability of integration of Multi-Purpose implements Trees Improved implements - Timely availability of drought power Easing bullock constraint - Marketing support
- 61. Adaptation Initiatives Requirement Objectivr 4 Strengthening Health care system for - Support for man livestock preventive diseases power production system Strengthening sheep and goat systems - Technical through CIG concept. support Strengthening Fisheries production 5 Promoting Promoting back yard - Credit support alternate livelihood poultry activities for Heifer rearing - Technical income Ram lamb rearing support actvity 6 Creating Buffers Community managed - Infrastructure fodder banks Seed Banks to maintain - Capacity buffer seed and seeds of Building contingent crops - Manpower
- 62. BIOCHAR RESULTS GSBC PROJECT,2009 (DORUGHT PREVAILED DURING THE GROWING SEASON)
- 63. Methane Emissions frompaddy fields
- 64. Biochar – livestockurine
- 65. BIOCHAR URINALS TAPPING NITROGEN FROM URINE OF ANIMALS AND PEOPLE USING BIOCHAR
- 66. OTHER BIOCHAR APPLICATIONS BIOCHAR BRICKS, GREEN BUILDINGS
- 70. MAGH SERIES BIOCHARPRODUCING STOVES
- 71. MAGH SERIES BIOCHARPRODUCING STOVES
- 74. BIOCHAR INDIA |BIOCHARCULTURE | GOOD STOVE | GEO | GOODPLANET BIOCHAR LINKS Terra Preta Info - Indian conext Biochar Urine Biochar Experiments Biochar Urinals Biochar - Alkaline soils Biochar - Alkaline soils report Biochar Soil life Charcoal production Termites Earthworms Biochar Production Magh Biochar Retort Pottery Shards GEO mini metal kiln In soils ARTI - Charcoal Cleaning Biochar Plants Biochar for Cleaning Prosopis Juliflora Prosopis Juliflora report Green Buildings Biochar Bricks Stoves Magh series tlud woodgas or Rural Trash microgasifier stoves Biochar plus Anila GSBC PROJECT ON CNN
Editor's Notes
- #53 Biochar is a part of the solution for cotton crop sustainable cultivation, there is a need to create large scale awareness among the farmers to continue traditional best practices of Biochar application and also adopt appropriate best technologies for improving the fertility of the soils and their sustainability.