Climate change is caused by human activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions such as deforestation, industrial activity, and fossil fuel use. This leads to global warming with impacts like rising sea levels and stronger extreme weather events. Climate change threatens societies through impacts on health, food and water security, infrastructure, and the environment. Vulnerable groups include the poor, elderly, young, and pregnant women. Local governments can help by raising awareness, improving disaster preparedness of health systems, controlling diseases, and protecting critical infrastructure from climate impacts.

1. CLIMATE CHANGE
Presented by:
JOHN JULIUS BERMEJO
RT3 at Pateros Rescue Unit, LGU Pateros NCR

2. What is climate change?
“Change in climate which is attributed
directly to human activity that alters
the composition of the global
atmosphere and which is in addition to
natural climate variability observed over
comparable time periods.”
- (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
[UNFCCC])

3. Scientists now agree
that most of the global warming
today have been caused by
Human
Activities

4. Human activities that lead to the increase
in concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs)
include:
 Worldwide deforestation
 Increasing industrial activity
 Motor vehicle emission
 Waste management practices
 Intensive agriculture

6. Waste as a source of GHG emissions
 Decaying solid waste in landfills emits methane

7. Waste as a source of GHG emissions
Decomposing waste in water also emit methane
KLIMA

8. POOR WASTE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL

12. Source: National Geographic Magazine (2004) PAGASA/DOST

13. What is global warming?
 Global warming refers to the
increase in the
 earth’s mean temperature
 due to the so-called
enhanced greenhouse
effect.

14. How do GHG influence climate change?
The higher the
concentration of
greenhouse gases
in the
atmosphere,
the stronger the
greenhouse
effect.

15. Global Average Surface Temperature Has Risen
(0.74°C) Over the Past 100 Years
Strong temperature increase since 1975 (unprecedented)
Source: IPCC TAR 2001

16. Philippine GHG Inventory
SECTOR CO2 Emissions
(Gg)
Energy 50,038
Industry 10,711
Agriculture 33,137
Waste 9,198
TOTAL 103,085
Energy
Waste 49%
9%
Agriculture
Industry
32% 10%

17. Impact of Climate Change

18. GLOBAL STATUS
 Scientists’ report : By 2050, the
world would reach the tipping point of
irreversible climate change
• weather patters will be disrupted, causing
stronger typhoons
 Ice caps will melt, raising sea
levels by 6 to 7 meters

19. Evidence indicated that people living in low-
income countries are 4 times more likely to
die from extreme natural disasters than
those in high-income countries
Women and men suffer different negative
health consequences following a disaster

21. Manifestations of Climate Change …
Melting of Glaciers
Arctic sea ice area decreased by 2.7% per decade

23. Greenland's glaciers are melting into the sea twice as fast as
the previously believed rate of four miles per year.

25. The Thames Barrier, a major flood defense system
in London designed to be used once every two to
three years is now being used six times a year
due to increased rainfall.

26. Sea Level Rise
Possible Impacts
• Increased coastal
flooding
• Enhanced coastal
erosion
• Salt-water
intrusion
• Impacts of storm
surge magnified

27. Impact of sea-level rise in the Philippines
Effect on coastal populations,
habitats and infrastructures
Intrusion of sea water to upstream
of rivers resulting in:
loss of ground water supply
loss of eco-systems
loss of livelihoods
Above are significant :
7,107 islands
36,289 km of coastline
many river systems

28. Impact of sea-level rise
Human society and national
economy
Disruption of settlements
Basic needs of humans
Increased migration
Pressures on urban infrastructures
Reduced GDP

29. Impacts: Water resources
DROUGH
 Decreased/increased water
availability (soil erosion)
 Increased drought risk (including
land degradation)
 Poor quality of water (algal
blooms, etc.)

30. Impacts: Water resources
 Increased water demand
 Domestic water supply problems
 Impact on power generation

31. THREATEN FOOD
SECURITY
Primarily Agricultural and Fishing Economy

32. Impacts: Agriculture (forestry)
 Damage to crops/crop failure
 Reduced yields in warmer
environment
 Food security threatened /
Malnutrition

33. Impacts: Agriculture (forestry)
 Increased outbreaks of pests and
diseases
 Increased risk of forest fires
 Increased shift of species

34. GLOBAL IMPACTS TO
HUMAN HEALTH

35. WHAT HAPPENS TO THE
HEALTH SECTOR IN TIMES OF
CLIMATE CHANGE RELATED
DISASTER

36. Disasters - threats to life & health
GLOBALLY:
 2 billion people affected with 600,000
fatalities
 More than 2/3 of deaths occurred in Asia
 127 major disasters,
 23% of all disasters worldwide,
 Occurred in Western Pacific Region
in the past 10 years

37. Health Impact (Global)
• 1.8 M people die from diarrheal diseases
• 1.5 M deaths in the 0 – 5 y.o. age group
every year of 5,000 child deaths/day
• 88% attributed to unsafe water, inadequate
sanitation and hygiene
• 1.1 billion lack of access to an improved
drinking water supply

38. Major killers are climate sensitive
diseases
- Each year:
- Undernutrition kills 3.7 million
- Diarrhea kills 1.8 million
- Malaria kills 1.1 million
Each of these is highly sensitive to temperature and
precipitation

39. Health workforce are central to
identifying potential health risks from
natural hazards and promoting
personal and community risk
reduction measures
It is essential to strengthen disaster
preparedness in health sector

40. Health facilities whose services remain
accessible and functioning, at maximum
capacity and within the same infrastructure,
during and immediately following disasters,
emergencies or crises is greatly impaired

41. Hospitals/health
facilities destroyed or
damaged
People left without
emergency care
hospitals and health
facilities fail to
function.
More without public
health and clinical
services when
operations are

42. All disasters are health issue, and
damage to health systems affects
every part of society and the
nations as a whole.

43. Climate-Related
Health Risks

44. The health effects of climate change

45. Climate-related health risks
 Direct impacts
 EXTREME COLDNESS
 heat stress
 Indirect impacts
Communicable diseases
Non-communicable
diseases (particularly
coronary and respiratory )

46. Climate-related health risks
 Temperature related illness and death
 Extreme weather related health effects
 Air pollution related diseases
 Water and food borne disease
 Vectorborne and rodent borne disease
 Food and water shortages
 Population displacements

47. LOCAL HEALTH IMPACTS
OF CLIMATE CHANGE

48. Environmental Health Situation

49. WHAT CAN THE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT UNIT DO?

50. WHO ARE VULNERABLE
1. ELDERLY
- -more susceptible
- More likely to have underlying disease
- Decline immune system
- Poor nutrition
2. THE YOUNG
- not yet developed fully their functions
-thermoregulatory systems (heatstroke, diarrhea)
-increase susceptibility to infectious diseases
3. THE POOR
- Lack of resources
- poor nutrition
- compromised immune system
-substandard housing
-exposure to air pollution

51. WHO ARE VULNERABLE
4. Pregnant Women
- prone to infection
- limited movement
- considerations doubled
5. Persons with Disability (PWD)
- absence of a sense or senses
- presence of deformity
- limited ability

52. Health sector actions on adaptation to climate change
Infectious disease
Integrated vector management
surveillance
Safe drinking
Diseases Healthy
water
Development
affected
by climate
Health action
in emergencies
Environmental
Health capacity buillding
Source: Time Magazine, 1997

53. CC and Health: Adaptive Strategies
 Public education and awareness
 Early-alert systems:
impending weather extremes,
infectious disease outbreaks
 Community-based neighborhood support
 Climate-proofed housing design
 Disaster preparedness
health-system capacity

54. Protecting health facilities
 Ensuring risk reduction
in the design and
construction of health
facilities
 Improving the non-
structural and functional
vulnerability of existing
health facilities
 Adopting legislative and
financial measures to
select and retrofit the
most critical facilities to

55. CC and Health: Adaptive
Strategies
•Enhanced infectious disease control
programs
vaccines,vector control,
case detection and treatment
Improved surveillance:
•Risk indicators
e.g.
mosquito numbers,
aeroallergen concentration
•Health outcomes
infectious disease
outbreaks,

56. CC and Health: Main Types of Adaptive
Strategies
 Coordinate efforts on the implementation
of commitments and obligations to
the UNFCCC.
 Coordinate with relevant organizations
 Conduct and coordinate capacity building
activities such as training workshops
and orientation seminars.

57. Promote Public Awareness
 Educate yourself, you family, your friends,
your co-workers and everyone you meet.
 The more people are aware of the issues the
more likely they are to make decisions that
will be constructive!
 Be ac tive - Speak up in a positive way in
your local community and organization and
help others to commit to reducing
greenhouse gas emissions.

59. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
 Transport Sector
 Biodiesel
from micro-
 Methyl ester algae
from coconut

60. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
 Power Sector
 Clean energy resources: wind,
solar, tidal, geothermal and
hydro-electric power

61. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
 Industries
 Buildings must
be re-designed
for energy-
efficiency
 Waste
management
practices

62. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

 Segregate wastes from the source
 Properly-marked trash bins

63. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
 Solid Waste Management
RA 9003:
 Establishment
of one MRF in
each barangay

64. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
• Recyclable products are usually
made out of things that already
have been used. It usually takes
less energy to make recycled
products than to make new ones.
The less energy we use, the
better.
• By recycling half of your
household waste, you can save
2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide
annually.

65. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
 Biogradable
Wastes
 Bioreactors
500-kg unit 1-ton unit

66. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
 Non-biogradable
 Tin cans, cartons, papers and plastic
bottles = recycled; sold to junkshop for
extra income

67. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
 Residuals
 Small plastic wrappers and styropor =
filling materials for tile and brick-making

68. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
 Urban Food
Garden

69. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
 Energy Efficiency
 Replacing old bulbs
with compact
fluorescent lamps
(CFLs)

70. • Change a Light Bulb
 Replace regular light bulbs
with compact fluorescent light
(CFL) bulbs.
 Replacing just one 60-watt
incandescent light bulb with a
CFL will save you Php30.00
over the life of the bulb.
 CFLs also last 10 times longer
than incandescent bulbs, and
use two-thirds less energy.

71. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
 Carbon sinks = tree
plantings; urban greening

72. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
 Renewable Energy

73. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
 Disaster Preparedness
 Evacuation Plans
 Refugee
management
 Strengthen vital
installations
 Educate the public

74. WAR FOOTING
 Every citizen to be on “war footing”
against climate change
“Total mobilization” of all sectors
in order to abort the tipping point

77. Thank You !