Role of media in climate change and disaster risk reduction

2. BEING CURIOUS

3. BEING SENSITIVE

4. 1900 21002003 2050
The State of the Planet
Consequences: Four Earths needed in 2100

5. Global Climate Change and Urbanization
1900
15% urban
2000
~50% urban

6. Present carbon cycle
SPEED OF EXCHANGE PROCESS
Very fast (less than 1 year)
Fast (1 to 10 years)
Slow (10 to 100 years)
Very slow (more than 100 years)
Storage and flux of carbon
(in billions of tones)

7. Human activity influence

8. Precipitation trends (1900 to 2000)

9. Visual impact of Climate Change

11. LESS VISUAL BUT WITH MAJOR IMPACT
> Temperature increase
> Less & erratic rain
Agriculture and food security
Crop yields, irrigation demands...
Forest
Composition, health and productivity...
Water resources
Water supply, water quality...
Species and natural areas
Biodiversity, modification of ecosystems...
Human health
Infectious diseases, human settlements...
Consequences of
climate change:

12. Climate Changes in India
Cooling trend in northwest India
and parts of South India.
Regional monsoon variations:
increased monsoon seasonal
rainfall along the west coast,
northern Andhra Pradesh and
North-western India,
decreased monsoon seasonal
rainfall over eastern Madhya
Pradesh, North-eastern India,
and parts of Gujrat and Kerala.

13. Climate Changes in India
Observed trends of multi-
decadal periods of more
frequent droughts, followed
by less severe droughts.
Studies have shown a rising
trend in the frequency of
heavy rain events and
decrease in frequency of
moderate events over
central India from 1951 to
2000.

14. Climate Changes in India
Records of coastal tide
gauges in the north Indian
ocean for the last 40 years
has revealed an estimated
sea level rise between
1.06-1.75 mm per year.
The available monitoring
data on Himalayan glaciers
indicates recession of
some glaciers.

15. Vulnerability
Vulnerability to climate change is the risk of
adverse things happening
Vulnerability is a function of three factors:
Exposure
Sensitivity
Adaptive capacity

17. Exposure
•Exposure is what is at risk from
climate change, e.g.,
– Population
– Resources
– Property
•It is also the climate change
that an affected system will
face, e.g.,
– Sea level
– Temperature
– Precipitation
– Extreme events

18. Sensitivity
• Biophysical effect of climate
change
– Change in crop yield, runoff,
energy demand
• It considers the
socioeconomic context, e.g.,
the agriculture system
• Grain crops typically are
sensitive
• Manufacturing typically is
much less sensitive

19. Adaptive Capacity
• Capability to adapt
• Function of:
– Wealth
– Technology
– Education
– Institutions
– Information
– Infrastructure
– “Social capital”
• Having adaptive capacity does
not mean it is used effectively

20. Vulnerability is a
Function of …
• More exposure and
sensitivity increase
vulnerability
• More adaptive capacity
decreases vulnerability
• An assessment of
vulnerability should
consider all three factors

21. Adaptation
“adjustment in natural or human
systems in response to actual or
expected climatic stimuli or their
effects, which moderates harm of
exploits beneficial opportunities”
(Third Assessment Report, Working
Group II)
Includes “actual” (realized) or
“expected” (future) changes in
climate

22. Adaptation (continued)
Two types of adaptation
Autonomous adaptation or reactive adaptation tends to be what
people and systems do as impacts of climate change become
apparent
Anticipatory or proactive adaptation are measures taken to
reduce potential risks of future climate change

23. Climate Change will put
additional stress in rural areas

24. In the life of a
farmer climate
Variability and
Extreme events
are more
important than
climate change

25. Vulnerability of poor in rural areas
Two-thirds of
households derive
income directly
from natural sources
Natural resources
are threatened by
stresses - Biotic &
Abiotic
Agriculture &
natural resource
based livelihoods at
immediate risk
Rural poor do not
have resources to
cope

26. Agriculture
India ‘s population is 1.21
billion in 2011. 67% are
rural. Majority are in
agriculture.
Importance of agriculture in
Indian economy. Although it
contributes only 15% of
GDP, the share of workers is
about 55%.
Marginal and small farmers
dominate
Major crops are rice, wheat,
maize, coarse cereals,
groundnut, cotton,
sugarcane, fruits and
vegetables
60% of cultivated area is
rainfed as only 40% of area
is under irrigation.
Rural poverty is 41%in
2004-05.
Agriculture is a ‘State
Subject’. In other words, the
policies of provinces are
also important

27. Rural Livelihoods - Resources
The livelihoods of the rural poor are directly
dependent on environmental resources.
Are vulnerable to weather and climate variability
land Water Forests Energy
water stress
increases
groundwater
levels recede
soil fertility
declines
forest habitats
disappear.

28. • (i) Earthquake
• (ii) Volcanic eruptions
• (iii) Tsunamis
(a) Phenomena beneath earth’s surface
• (i) Landslides
• (ii) Avalanches
(b) Phenomena at earth’s surface
DISASTERS
Natural Disasters

29. • (i) Windstorms ( Cyclones, Hurricanes )
• (ii) Tornadoes
• (iii) Hailstorms, snowstorms
• (iv) Sea surges
• (v) Floods, dam bursts
• (vi) Droughts
( c ) Meteorological / Hydrological Phenomena
• (i) Locust swarms
• (ii) Epidemics of diseases
( d ) Biological Phenomena
Cont…

30. • ( i ) Conventional Warfare
• ( ii ) Nuclear, Biological & Chemical Warfare
• (iii) Terrorism (includes Bioterrorism)
(a) Caused by Warfare
• ( i ) Vehicular ( All types of transportation)
• ( ii ) Conflagrations, explosions, fires, building collapses.
• ( iii ) Deliberate explosive attacks
• ( iv ) Toxic gas leaks, chemical/poisoning
• (v) Insidious disasters
( b ) Accidents
• Green house effect
(c) Others
Cont…
Man Made Disasters

31. URBAN FLOODS

33. Chennai
Floods
Source: India Today, 1st Dec 2015
According to Skymet data, during the month of November, Chennai
recorded a whopping 1218.6 mm of rain – three times its monthly
rainfall. The normal rainfall figures for November stand at 407.4 mm.
On the first day of December itself, Chennai recorded 374 mm and
the heavy rainfall will continue for few more days.

34. Chennai Floods

37. GEO Water Filter

39. CLIMATE CHANGE
VARIABILITY IN SEMI-ARID
REGIONS
Precipitation is less than
potential evapotranspiration.
Low annual rainfall of 25 to
60 centimeters and having
scrubby vegetation with
short, coarse grasses; not
completely arid.

40. CONCERNS
DROUGHT PROOFINGRURAL
• SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS
ENVIRONMENTURBAN
• SUSTAINABLE HABITATS

43. The drought-prone areas are confined mainly to the
peninsular and western parts of the country.
These regions suffer drought mostly due to the
cumulative effects of changing precipitation pattern,
excessive water utilization and ecologically
unsuitable agriculture practices
About 107 mha of the country spread over
administrative districts in several states is affected by
drought

44. Andhra Pradesh & Telangana - Administrative districts
frequently affected by drought
Ananthapur Chittoor Cuddapah
Hyderabad Kurnool Mahaboobnagar
Nalgonda Prakasam

45. Freshwater management in India
Anupma Sharma
Water Conservation
Watershed management
Water quality conservation
Inter basin water transfer
GW management
Recycle and reuse of water
Public involvement and capacity building

46. • Water in the tanks
• Conserving the trees
• Conserving fodder rather selling
• Food grains storage rather selling
1. Conserv
ing the
resources
• Prioritizing the sale in distress
• Continue to do any work which provides food or wage
• Stop risking through going for borewells / wells
• Reduce input costs
• Ensure drinking water for people and animals
• Food and fodder security
2. Coping
• Don’t sell your land
• Try avoiding getting credit – the interest rates would swallow you
• Stop unnecessary spending on the cultural / social events – festivals, marriages,
etc.
• Be united rather being in nuclear / dis-jointed families.
• Don’t cut / sell trees
• Take care of the health, so as to reduce the expenses on health
3. Not to
do
• Micro-irrigation practices
• Go for Sustainable and subsistence crops rather just commercial crops
• Social networks are useful be in the groups existing at various levels
4. Prepare
for the
adaptation

47. Watershed activities focus on vulnerability reduction
Livelihood support enforcing rights
Productivity of
natural resources
Enhancement of
knowledge

48. Capitals

49. Way Forward: Adaptation :
Polyhouse, Green House & SWAR

50. Way Forward: Weather Based Crop Insurance
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
6th September 2013

51. Way Forward: BIOCHAR
Biochar is another name for
charcoal used for purposes
other than combustion.
Like all charcoal, biochar is
created by the pyrolysis of
biomass.

52. Way Forward: BIOCHAR APPLICATION
SOIL CARBON INCREASE
MOISTURE CONSERVATION
FERTILIZERS CONSERVATION
INCREASE IN YIELD

53. Way Forward : Improved Stoves:

54. Way Forward: CONSERVATION OF
URBAN WATER BODIES

55. Way Forward: FLOATIGATION

56. Way Forward: FLOATIGATION

57. Way Forward: FLOATIGATION

58. TELANGANG MAP
KAKATIYA KALATORANAM
FISH SHAPE
FISH
BOAT
FLOATIGATION

61. Way Forward: Floating Garden and Parks

62. FLOATIGATION
GROWING CROPS ON RESERVOIRS /
TANKS / IRIGATION CANALS /
DRINAGE SYSTEMS, ETC.

63. FLOATS
(THERMOCOL / PLASTICS)
BIOCHAR +
(MEDIA FOR GROWTH)
FLOATIGATION ON CANAL / DRAINAGE FOR CROPS
PADDY
FLOATIGATION ON CANALS / DRAIANGE FOR CROPS

64. CROSS SECTION OF FLOATIGATION
BIOCHAR +
(MEDIA FOR GROWTH)
PLANTS

65. Living Water Garden.

66. DROUGHT TOLERANT
GARDENS
LOW WATER REQUIREMENT,
PERENIAL GREENARY, AESTHETICS,
ADAPTATION, SOLAR RADIATION,
MAINTENANCE FREE

67. Why Drought Tolerant Plants
Drought tolerant plants are not limited to cacti and
succulents. There are thousands of species of beautiful
flowers, shrubs, vines and ground covers that are “un” thirsty
and could save more than 50% of the water used in a more
traditional landscape. Drought tolerant gardening also
involves sensible management like installation of drip
irrigation systems, timers, water sensors, and above all,
MULCH! Mulching and composting beds will improve soil
quality, reduce evaporation and encourage better water
absorption. Native plants, those plants which naturally grow
in our climate, need only about half as much water as most
exotic species. They also provide habitat for our native birds
and butterflies.

69. © DR. N. SAI BHASKAR REDDY
FLOATIGATION

70. SUNLIGHT GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
(SALT WATER EVAPORATES INTO FRESH WATER)
SEA WATER / BRACKISH WATER / POLLUTED WATER / FLOOD WATER
FRESH WATER
(FLOWS INTO BIOCHAR)
RAIN WATER
© DR. N. SAI BHASKAR REDDY
FLOATIGATION

71. Perforated pipe
Sand
Biochar
Gravel
Way Forward: SEWAGIGATION

72. Road
Sewerage
Clean water for irrigation
Drip Irrigation
Way Forward: SEWAGIGATION

73. Way Forward: SEWAGIGATION

74. CITY
River
Catchment of city
Green Belt
Ringroad
Cascades
Way Forward: Future cities – annular / circular / segregated water
harvesting water bodies

75. Way Forward: Roads as Water Sources for Filling Urban Water Bodies

76. Way Forward:

77. Way Forward: OUTER RING ROAD – 158 KMS LENGTH
PROPOSED REGIONAL RING ROAD – 290 KMS
POTENTIAL FOR ~100 WATER BODIES CREATION

78. Way Forward: Roads as Dams

79. GREENERY
WALKWAYS, PARKS & TRAFFIC ISLANDS

82. Way Forward: WATER USE EFFICIENCY
MONITORING
WATER AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
PARAMETERS
MONITORING
MANAGEMENT
DECISION
SUPPORT
SYSTEMS

83. Way Forward: Monitoring the flows

84. Way Forward:
Way Forward: Monitoring the flows

85. Solar Power
Arduino, SIM 900, Battery,
Temp and Relative Humidity
sensor
Bowman Water Tube with
ultrasonic sensor
RBC Flume with ultrasonic
sensor
ClimaAdapt Project, Kondrapole, Miryalaguda, Nalgonda
Way Forward:

86. Water Level in Field water tube (Bowman) using
ultrasonic sensor
Way Forward:

87. Way Forward: AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION

88. Way Forward:
AWARENESS TO
CHILDRREN ON
WATER
CONSERVATION
& MONITORING
ClimaAdapt Project,
Kondrapole, Miryalaguda,
Nalgonda

89. Glow Level for
Tube wells –
Colour LEDs for
different levels
of water in the
tube wells
Way Forward:

90. SOIL MOISTURE
MEASUREMENT IN
THE SOIL
Way Forward:

91. Way Forward:

94. TAJ ECO ZONE
Total area deforested is about: 10 acres,
within 500 meters from Taj Mahal

95. TAJ ECO ZONE – AREA WITHIN 500 M

96. TREES WERE CUT & AN
ARTIFICIAL POND
EXCAVATED (Between 30-
04-2011 & 29-06-2012)
29-6-2012

97. TREES WERE CUT
(Between 01-07-2012 &
15-01-2013)
15-1-2013

98. NEWLY LAID ROAD &
POND EXCAVATED
(Between 24-04-2013 &
29-11-2013)
29-11-2013
TREES WERE CUT AND
EXCAVATION DONE
(Between 24-04-2013 &
29-11-2013)

99. BABARPUR
Trees were cut between 24-4-2013 and 24-11-2013. Trees were
uprooted in about 14 acres of land.

100. 30/4/2014

101. FLOOD AFFECTED AREA (433 meters altitude) in 2013

102. 9/10/1999
Flood eroded shore area

103. 30/4/2014
Flood eroded shore area

104. Ref: http://...