This document discusses different voting procedures and methods: - Majority rule requires a candidate to receive over 50% of votes to win, while plurality voting means the candidate with the most votes wins, even if not a majority. - Examples are provided to illustrate majority rule versus plurality voting. - Additional methods discussed include Borda count (ranking candidates by preference and awarding points), Condorcet method (determining the candidate who defeats all others in one-on-one comparisons), and proportional representation (allocating seats based on percentage of votes received).

1. Voting
Procedures

2. Majority Rule
• Majority rule is when a vote gets over 50% of the votes.

3. MaJorityrule&pluralityvoting
• Majority rule:
• The candidate who receives an absolute majority (
more than half the votes ) wins.
• Plurality voting:
• Candidate who receives most votes wins.
candidate A B C
# votes
received
23 28 12

4. Example
Majority rule: No candidate wins
Plurality voting: Candidate B wins

5. Plurality voting
Votes Winning
Option:
Total Votes:
Option A: Poutine 8
Option B: New York 8
Option C: History 6
The candidate who receives the most
votes wins.

6. Options:
(A)
Votes:
Pizza: 3
Poutine: 8
Chicken: 3
Ice cream: 4
Total:
18
Options: (B) Votes:
Paris: 2
London
England:
2
Rome: 6
New York
City:
8
Total:
18
Options: (C) Votes:
Gym: 5
Art/Music/
Drama
4
Math: 3
History: 6
Total:
18

7. Borda count
• Each voter ranks candidates by order of preference.
• If there are n candidates n points will go to each voter’s
FIRST choice…
• n -1 to their SECOND etc..
• The candidate with the most points wins.

8. Borda Count
• Borda Count is adding the amount based on the results.
18 14 12 10
1st
choice
(X3)
A B C C
2nd
choice
(X2)
B A A B
3rd

9. Answers
• A-(18 x 3)+(14 x 2)+(12 x 2)+(10 x 1)=116
• B-(18 x 2)+(14 x 3)+(12 x 1)+(10 x 2)=110
• C-(18 x 1)+(14 x 1)+(12 x 3)+(10 x 3)=98
• A has more points so they are the winner

10. Condorcet method
• Each voter ranks candidates by order of preference.
• The candidate who defeats all other candidates one-on-
one wins.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RtOCvFqIKk

11. Condorcet Method
Condorcet Method is the most preferred of
the votes such as A-B, A-C, B-C and you
compare to see who wins…..
18 14 12 10
1st
choice
A B C C
2nd
choice
B A A B
3rd
choice
C C B A

12. Answers
• A vs B= A(18+12=30) - B(14+10=24)- A wins
• A vs C= A(18+14=32) - C(12+10=22)- A wins
• B vs C= B(18+14=32) - C(12+10=22)- B wins
• A is most preferred so A is the winner.

13. Proportional representation
Under a proportional representation voting system, if 30%
of voters support a particular party then roughly 30% of
available seats will be won by that party.