This document provides an overview of voltage source inverters (VSIs) used in microgrids along with techniques to improve power quality. It discusses various VSI control schemes including proportional-integral controllers, proportional-resonant controllers, hysteresis controllers, repetitive controllers, and deadbeat controllers. It also evaluates the performance of applying fuzzy logic control to a VSI serving as an active power filter to mitigate current harmonics. Various aspects that should be considered when selecting VSI topologies, reference frames, filters, and control strategies for microgrids are analyzed.
This document summarizes research on using a Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) to enhance power quality in a distribution system network. It begins by describing common power quality issues like voltage sags and how DSTATCOM can help mitigate them. It then provides details on the components of a DSTATCOM including the voltage source converter, controller, and instantaneous current component theory for control. Simulations are presented showing that a DSTATCOM is effective at mitigating voltage sags and fluctuations caused by load and line disturbances. The conclusions are that DSTATCOM is an efficient means of compensating for power quality issues from distributed energy resources on distribution grids.
Power-Sharing of Parallel Inverters in Micro-Grids via Droop control and Virt...IRJET Journal
This document discusses two power-sharing control strategies - droop control and virtual impedance - for parallel inverters in microgrids. Droop control simulates the frequency-power characteristics of conventional power systems but has limitations like load-dependent voltage regulation. Virtual impedance modifies the output impedance of inverters to improve current sharing. The document analyzes these approaches and compares their performance in sharing power between parallel inverters through MATLAB simulations under different weather conditions. It finds that both techniques effectively share load power while improving system stability and response, with virtual impedance providing better voltage regulation.
IRJET- Different Control Strategies for Power Control of Voltage Source Conve...IRJET Journal
This document discusses and compares different control strategies for power control of voltage source converters in microgrids, including proportional-integral controllers, proportional-resonant controllers, vector control, and hysteresis current control. It describes issues with traditional PI control approaches and how alternative strategies can help address these issues. Specific control methods covered include a novel self-tuning PI controller, proportional-resonant controllers, vector control of voltage source converters to suppress voltage fluctuations, a vector control strategy for grid-tied converters, and hysteresis current control for interfacing renewable energy sources to a microgrid.
IRJET- Level of Service & Throughput Maximization at Operational Toll PlazasIRJET Journal
This document discusses different control strategies for power control of voltage source converters in microgrids. It begins by summarizing a novel self-tuning PI controller that uses a critic agent to continuously assess performance and adjust PI gains. It then discusses proportional resonant controllers that can eliminate steady state error and selectively compensate harmonics. Another method proposes controlling vector-controlled voltage source converters to suppress dc-link voltage fluctuations during faults. Finally, it examines a hysteresis current controller for an inverter interfacing renewable energy sources with a microgrid.
A Review paper on Power Quality Improvement Techniques in a Grid Integrated S...IRJET Journal
This document reviews power quality improvement techniques for grid-integrated solar photovoltaic systems. It discusses how shunt active power filters (SAPF) using fuzzy logic and DC-DC PID controllers can improve power quality by reducing harmonics. SAPF generates harmonic currents that are opposite in polarity and equal in magnitude to the original harmonics, cancelling them out. The document also reviews other power quality improvement methods like reactive power compensation, flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices, and active filters.
Mitigation of Fault in the Distribution System by using Flexible Distributed ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Power Factor Control at ABA Control 33/11kV Injection Substation Using Auto T...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that implemented reactive power compensation at the Aba Control 33/11kV injection substation in Nigeria using a static var compensator (SVC) with an auto-tuning regulator. The substation currently operates at a low power factor of 0.82, resulting in high losses. A 15MVAr SVC was installed to improve the power factor to 0.96. Simulation results showed that real and reactive power losses were reduced from 1.572 p.u. and 3.7525 p.u. to 0.1356 p.u. and 0.65237 p.u. respectively after compensation. Voltage regulation across buses was also maintained below 10%. The auto-tuning regulator was able
IRJET-Simulation and Modeling of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Compensation Of...IRJET Journal
The document describes the simulation and modeling of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) for mitigating voltage sags and swells in a power distribution system. A DVR is a custom power device that injects voltage in series with the distribution line to regulate the voltage at a load. The simulation model includes a DVR connected between a power source and sensitive load. Simulation results show that during a 50% voltage sag or 25% voltage swell, the DVR is able to quickly inject the appropriate compensating voltage to keep the load voltage at its nominal level. The DVR utilizes a control scheme based on dq0 transformation to identify voltage disturbances and determine the offset voltage required for compensation.
This document summarizes research on using a Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) to enhance power quality in a distribution system network. It begins by describing common power quality issues like voltage sags and how DSTATCOM can help mitigate them. It then provides details on the components of a DSTATCOM including the voltage source converter, controller, and instantaneous current component theory for control. Simulations are presented showing that a DSTATCOM is effective at mitigating voltage sags and fluctuations caused by load and line disturbances. The conclusions are that DSTATCOM is an efficient means of compensating for power quality issues from distributed energy resources on distribution grids.
Power-Sharing of Parallel Inverters in Micro-Grids via Droop control and Virt...IRJET Journal
This document discusses two power-sharing control strategies - droop control and virtual impedance - for parallel inverters in microgrids. Droop control simulates the frequency-power characteristics of conventional power systems but has limitations like load-dependent voltage regulation. Virtual impedance modifies the output impedance of inverters to improve current sharing. The document analyzes these approaches and compares their performance in sharing power between parallel inverters through MATLAB simulations under different weather conditions. It finds that both techniques effectively share load power while improving system stability and response, with virtual impedance providing better voltage regulation.
IRJET- Different Control Strategies for Power Control of Voltage Source Conve...IRJET Journal
This document discusses and compares different control strategies for power control of voltage source converters in microgrids, including proportional-integral controllers, proportional-resonant controllers, vector control, and hysteresis current control. It describes issues with traditional PI control approaches and how alternative strategies can help address these issues. Specific control methods covered include a novel self-tuning PI controller, proportional-resonant controllers, vector control of voltage source converters to suppress voltage fluctuations, a vector control strategy for grid-tied converters, and hysteresis current control for interfacing renewable energy sources to a microgrid.
IRJET- Level of Service & Throughput Maximization at Operational Toll PlazasIRJET Journal
This document discusses different control strategies for power control of voltage source converters in microgrids. It begins by summarizing a novel self-tuning PI controller that uses a critic agent to continuously assess performance and adjust PI gains. It then discusses proportional resonant controllers that can eliminate steady state error and selectively compensate harmonics. Another method proposes controlling vector-controlled voltage source converters to suppress dc-link voltage fluctuations during faults. Finally, it examines a hysteresis current controller for an inverter interfacing renewable energy sources with a microgrid.
A Review paper on Power Quality Improvement Techniques in a Grid Integrated S...IRJET Journal
This document reviews power quality improvement techniques for grid-integrated solar photovoltaic systems. It discusses how shunt active power filters (SAPF) using fuzzy logic and DC-DC PID controllers can improve power quality by reducing harmonics. SAPF generates harmonic currents that are opposite in polarity and equal in magnitude to the original harmonics, cancelling them out. The document also reviews other power quality improvement methods like reactive power compensation, flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices, and active filters.
Mitigation of Fault in the Distribution System by using Flexible Distributed ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Power Factor Control at ABA Control 33/11kV Injection Substation Using Auto T...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that implemented reactive power compensation at the Aba Control 33/11kV injection substation in Nigeria using a static var compensator (SVC) with an auto-tuning regulator. The substation currently operates at a low power factor of 0.82, resulting in high losses. A 15MVAr SVC was installed to improve the power factor to 0.96. Simulation results showed that real and reactive power losses were reduced from 1.572 p.u. and 3.7525 p.u. to 0.1356 p.u. and 0.65237 p.u. respectively after compensation. Voltage regulation across buses was also maintained below 10%. The auto-tuning regulator was able
IRJET-Simulation and Modeling of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Compensation Of...IRJET Journal
The document describes the simulation and modeling of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) for mitigating voltage sags and swells in a power distribution system. A DVR is a custom power device that injects voltage in series with the distribution line to regulate the voltage at a load. The simulation model includes a DVR connected between a power source and sensitive load. Simulation results show that during a 50% voltage sag or 25% voltage swell, the DVR is able to quickly inject the appropriate compensating voltage to keep the load voltage at its nominal level. The DVR utilizes a control scheme based on dq0 transformation to identify voltage disturbances and determine the offset voltage required for compensation.
Simulation and Modeling of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Compensation Of Volta...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that simulates and models a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) for mitigating voltage sags and swells. A DVR is a custom power device that injects voltage in series with the distribution system using a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) to regulate the load voltage. The paper presents a DVR model built in MATLAB/Simulink that uses a PI controller with abc to dq0 transformation to calculate the compensating voltage during disturbances. Simulation results demonstrate the DVR's ability to effectively compensate for voltage sags and swells and maintain the load voltage, improving power quality.
Enhanced dynamic performance of grid feeding distributed generation under va...IJECEIAES
Controlling weak grid-connected systems is very challenging. In transient, frequency and voltage oscillations may lead to voltage and/or frequency stability problems and finally lead to system collapse. During steady-state operation and at the point of common coupling (PCC), voltage degradation and grid voltage background harmonics restrict the inverter's functionality, reduce the power flow capability and cause poor power quality. With weak grid connection, grid impedance variance will contaminate the voltage waveform by harmonics and augment the resonance, destabilizing the inverter operation. In this paper, complete mathematical modeling is carried out and state feedback-plus-integral control is implemented to support the stabilization of the system. The proposed controller is adopted to provide a smooth transient under sudden load change by controlling the injected grid current under different grid inductance values. Furthermore, the proposed control is used to reduce the order and size of the inverter output filter while maintaining system stability. The proposed control has been compared with the conventional proportional integral (PI) controller under different scenarios to validate its effectiveness and to strengthen its implementation as a simple controller for distributed generator applications.
IRJET- Series Voltage Regulator for Radial DC – MicrogridIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using a series voltage regulator (SVR) to regulate voltage in a radial DC microgrid. The SVR combines a dual active bridge and full bridge DC-DC converter. It operates in two modes: power control using the dual active bridge to maintain a constant voltage, and voltage control using the DC-DC converter to provide adjustable output voltage. The SVR configuration is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate its performance under different load conditions. The simulation results show that the SVR is able to maintain a constant output voltage despite variations in load, thus overcoming problems with voltage fluctuations in DC distribution systems.
IRJET - Design and Simulation of DSTATCOM using Fuzzy Logic ControllerIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and simulation of a DSTATCOM (distributed static compensator) using a fuzzy logic controller. A DSTATCOM is a shunt-connected voltage source converter that can generate or absorb reactive power to improve power quality issues like voltage sags and swells. The document first provides background on power quality issues and the factors driving increased focus on power quality. It then describes the basic components and operating principle of a DSTATCOM for reactive power compensation and power factor correction. Finally, it discusses controlling strategies for DSTATCOM, including using a fuzzy logic supervisor to vary the gains of a PI controller and improve transient performance of the DC link voltage during load changes.
IRJET- Improvement of Power System Stability in Wind Turbine by using Facts D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a predictive power control strategy to improve the stability of power systems with wind farms that use doubly fed induction generator wind turbines. The strategy involves using a super capacitor energy storage system to control the active power from the grid side converter and using a static synchronous series compensator to reduce low frequency oscillations. A model predictive control approach is used to predict the future system response and increase damping. Simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink show the control strategy is able to stabilize voltage and current signals within 0.25 and 0.29 seconds respectively, improving upon conventional PI control.
Compensation of Balanced and Unbalanced Voltage Disturbance using SRF Control...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) controlled by synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory to compensate for balanced and unbalanced voltage sags and swells in a distribution system. The DVR injects voltage to maintain the load voltage at a constant level during disturbances. It is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results demonstrate the DVR successfully compensates for various balanced disturbances including single sag/swell events and multiple sag/swell occurrences. The DVR provides compensation by injecting the appropriate compensating voltage as determined by the SRF control scheme.
Modeling Optimization Voltage Index Unified Power Flow Controller Equivalent ...IJMTST Journal
This paper presents an active-reactive power control strategy for voltage source converters (VSCs) based on derivation of the direct and quadrature components of the VSC output current. The proposed method utilizes a multivariable proportional-integral controller and provides almost completely decoupled control capability of the active and reactive power with almost full disturbance rejection due to step changes in the power exchanged between the VSC and the grid. It also imposes fast transient response and zero steady-state error as compared to the conventional power control approaches. The applicability of the proposed power control strategy for providing the robust stability of the system against the uncertainties of the load parameters is also investigated. The superiority of the proposed control strategy over conventional approaches in the new condition of supplying the load is demonstrated. The theoretical aspects of the proposed multivariable-based power control strategy and the conventional approaches are reviewed and simulation results are presented in two separate sections. MATLAB/Simulink 2009a is used to simulate different scenarios of the simulation.
This paper studies the suitability of a vector based current control which is mostly employed for its faster response in the reactive current applications of static compnesators (STATCOMs). The current control is mostly achieved using proportional-integral (PI) controllers because of the advantage of their good tracking and small variations. However, due to the dependency of PI controllers on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) system dynamics, performance variations arise during steady-state STATCOM non-ideal operations. This paper presents an improved MMC based STATCOM control with a d-q compensation algorithm added to the vector based current control. The algorithm is derived to tackle the effects of the dynamics of the MMC and the STATCOM ideal variations without the use of any additional controller. The control is achieved by providing a power compensation in the d,q-axis which injects currents at the input of the PI controllers in order to improve the steady-state performance of the STATCOM control.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document proposes a matrix converter-based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) system for power quality enhancement. The DVR uses a single matrix converter instead of a conventional AC/DC/AC converter. It is connected between the distribution feeder and load to mitigate voltage sags. The control system is based on dqo modeling of the matrix converter. It injects power from an energy storage device like a flywheel to restore the load voltage during sags. Simulation results show the DVR is able to effectively reduce sags and regulate the supply voltage, improving power quality.
A Review of Analysis and Modeling of Grid Connected Three Phase Multilevel Un...IRJET Journal
This document reviews a five-level multiple-pole structure for a grid connected three phase multilevel unity power rectifier that aims to improve power factor and reduce total harmonic distortion using fewer components. The proposed design is a five-level/multiple-pole multilevel unity power factor rectifier that achieves unity power factor and input current shaping with a reduced number of components. It uses a simple control method based on average current control at a low switching frequency to compensate for grid current harmonics. Simulation results show the design has better dynamic response and tracking under unbalanced grid conditions compared to other existing rectifier topologies.
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm Based Improvement of Efficiency in Interleaved B...IJPEDS-IAES
The reliability, efficiency, and controllability of Photo Voltaic power systems can be increased by embedding the components of a Boost Converter. Currently, the converter technology overcomes the main problems of manufacturing cost, efficiency and mass production. Issue to limit the life span of a Photo Voltaic inverter is the huge electrolytic capacitor across the Direct Current bus for energy decoupling. This paper presents a two-phase interleaved boost converter which ensures 180 angle phase shift between the two interleaved converters. The Proportional Integral controller is used to reshape that the controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the control inputs and also real coded genetic algorithm is proposed for tuning of controlling parameters of Proportional Integral controller. The real coded genetic algorithm is applied in the Interleaved Boost Converter with Advanced Pulse Width Modulation Techniques for improving the results of efficiency and reduction of ripple current. Simulation results illustrate the improvement of efficiency and the diminution of ripple current.
The document discusses micro inverters, which convert direct current from solar panels into alternating current. It examines two common inverter control methods - voltage source inverter control and power-type PWM inverter control. It then proposes an improved PWM inverter control system that can achieve maximum power point tracking and ensure high power quality from photovoltaic cells. Simulation results show the improved system controls grid current waveform and achieves unity power factor while allowing arbitrary power output. The methodology section outlines the system components and PWM pulse generation process. It examines types of single-phase grid-connected inverters and concludes the improved control method regulates voltage/current waveforms and stability while enabling flexible power transfer.
Voltage Support and Reactive Power Control in Micro-grid using DGIJMER
The document presents a control scheme for distributed generators in a microgrid system to provide voltage support and reactive power control. The control scheme uses a hierarchical power-voltage-current structure to facilitate flexible operation of distributed generators in both grid-connected and isolated microgrid modes. Simulation results show the control scheme enables:
1) Smooth transition between grid-connected and isolated modes while maintaining voltage regulation.
2) Robust performance during disturbances like islanding events and addition of nonlinear loads.
3) Accurate power sharing between distributed generators in both modes of operation.
The study evaluates the control scheme's performance under different operating conditions and demonstrates its effectiveness in providing flexible and robust control of distributed generators in a microgrid system.
A NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING ANN TECHNIQUE FO...IJERD Editor
The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a Micro grid-connected hybrid generation
system with versatile power transfer. This hybrid system allows maximum utilization of freely available
renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energies. For this, an adaptive MPPT algorithm along with
standard perturbs and observes method will be used for the system.
The inverter converts the DC output from non-conventional energy into useful AC power for the
connected load. This hybrid system operates under normal conditions which include normal room temperature
in the case of solar energy and normal wind speed at plain area in the case of wind energy. However, designing
an optimal micro grid is not an easy task, due to the fact that primary energy carriers are changeable and
uncontrollable, as is the demand. Traditional design and optimization tools, developed for controlled power
sources, cannot be employed here. Simulation methods seem to be the best solution.
The dynamic model of the proposed system is first elaborated in the stationary reference frame and
then transformed into the synchronous orthogonal reference frame. The transformed variables are used in
control of the voltage source converter as the heart of the interfacing system between DG resources and utility
grid. By setting an appropriate compensation current references from the sensed load currents in control circuit
loop of DG, the active, reactive, and harmonic load current components will be compensated with fast dynamic
response, thereby achieving sinusoidal grid currents in phase with load voltages, while required power of the
load is more than the maximum injected power of the DG to the grid. In addition, the proposed control method
of this paper does not need a phase-locked loop in control circuit and has fast dynamic response in providing
active and reactive power components of the grid-connected loads.
LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL IN TWO AREA NETWORK INCLUDING DGIAEME Publication
Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is associate integral a part of Energy Management
System. This paper deals with the automatic generation control of interconnected multi area grid
network. The first purpose of the AGC is to balance the full system generation against system load
and losses so the specified frequency and power interchange with neighboring systems are
maintained. Any pair between generation and demand causes the system frequency to deviate from
regular worth. So high frequency deviation could result in system collapse. This necessitates
associate correct and quick acting controller to take care of constant nominal frequency. The
limitations of the conventional controls are slow and lack of efficiency in handling system nonlinearity.
This leads to develop a control technique for AGC. In this paper both conventional and
PI viz. Proportional Integral controller approach of automatic generation control has been
examined. PI based AGC has been used for all optimization purposes. System performance has
been evaluated at various disturbances such as, load disturbances, grid disturbances and both load
and grid disturbances. Various responses due to conventional and proposed PI based AGC
controllers have been compared at load disturbances, grid disturbances and both load and grid
disturbances.
Seamless Transitions between Grid-Connected and Stand-Alone Operations of Dis...IJERD Editor
Control of the Distributed Generation (DG) system is important in both grid-connected and standalone
modes and the system stability becomes very crucial during the transfer between these two modes. If the
system does not have a proper transfer procedure, severe transient voltages or currents will occur, which may
damage the entire system. A seamless transfer can ensure smooth operation and quick attainment of steady state.
In order to solve these transition problems, this paper presents the development and test of a control strategy for
DG capable of working in grid-connected and intentional islanding connection modes with seamless transitions
from both operational modes.
IRJET- Analysis of Load Frequency Control for a Distributed Grid System Invol...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes load frequency control for a distributed grid system involving wind, hydro, and thermal power plants using conventional and fuzzy logic controllers. It models a three-area system with area 1 containing a thermal plant, area 2 containing a hydro plant, and area 3 containing wind generation. It simulates the system responses to a 1% load disturbance in one area using each controller and compares the undershoot and settling time. The fuzzy logic controller provides better dynamic response with lower undershoot, overshoot, and faster settling time compared to the conventional PI controller. This shows fuzzy logic control is more effective at maintaining frequency stability in an interconnected power system with various generation sources.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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Controlling weak grid-connected systems is very challenging. In transient, frequency and voltage oscillations may lead to voltage and/or frequency stability problems and finally lead to system collapse. During steady-state operation and at the point of common coupling (PCC), voltage degradation and grid voltage background harmonics restrict the inverter's functionality, reduce the power flow capability and cause poor power quality. With weak grid connection, grid impedance variance will contaminate the voltage waveform by harmonics and augment the resonance, destabilizing the inverter operation. In this paper, complete mathematical modeling is carried out and state feedback-plus-integral control is implemented to support the stabilization of the system. The proposed controller is adopted to provide a smooth transient under sudden load change by controlling the injected grid current under different grid inductance values. Furthermore, the proposed control is used to reduce the order and size of the inverter output filter while maintaining system stability. The proposed control has been compared with the conventional proportional integral (PI) controller under different scenarios to validate its effectiveness and to strengthen its implementation as a simple controller for distributed generator applications.
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This document summarizes a research paper on using a series voltage regulator (SVR) to regulate voltage in a radial DC microgrid. The SVR combines a dual active bridge and full bridge DC-DC converter. It operates in two modes: power control using the dual active bridge to maintain a constant voltage, and voltage control using the DC-DC converter to provide adjustable output voltage. The SVR configuration is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate its performance under different load conditions. The simulation results show that the SVR is able to maintain a constant output voltage despite variations in load, thus overcoming problems with voltage fluctuations in DC distribution systems.
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This document discusses the design and simulation of a DSTATCOM (distributed static compensator) using a fuzzy logic controller. A DSTATCOM is a shunt-connected voltage source converter that can generate or absorb reactive power to improve power quality issues like voltage sags and swells. The document first provides background on power quality issues and the factors driving increased focus on power quality. It then describes the basic components and operating principle of a DSTATCOM for reactive power compensation and power factor correction. Finally, it discusses controlling strategies for DSTATCOM, including using a fuzzy logic supervisor to vary the gains of a PI controller and improve transient performance of the DC link voltage during load changes.
IRJET- Improvement of Power System Stability in Wind Turbine by using Facts D...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a predictive power control strategy to improve the stability of power systems with wind farms that use doubly fed induction generator wind turbines. The strategy involves using a super capacitor energy storage system to control the active power from the grid side converter and using a static synchronous series compensator to reduce low frequency oscillations. A model predictive control approach is used to predict the future system response and increase damping. Simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink show the control strategy is able to stabilize voltage and current signals within 0.25 and 0.29 seconds respectively, improving upon conventional PI control.
Compensation of Balanced and Unbalanced Voltage Disturbance using SRF Control...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) controlled by synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory to compensate for balanced and unbalanced voltage sags and swells in a distribution system. The DVR injects voltage to maintain the load voltage at a constant level during disturbances. It is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results demonstrate the DVR successfully compensates for various balanced disturbances including single sag/swell events and multiple sag/swell occurrences. The DVR provides compensation by injecting the appropriate compensating voltage as determined by the SRF control scheme.
Modeling Optimization Voltage Index Unified Power Flow Controller Equivalent ...IJMTST Journal
This paper presents an active-reactive power control strategy for voltage source converters (VSCs) based on derivation of the direct and quadrature components of the VSC output current. The proposed method utilizes a multivariable proportional-integral controller and provides almost completely decoupled control capability of the active and reactive power with almost full disturbance rejection due to step changes in the power exchanged between the VSC and the grid. It also imposes fast transient response and zero steady-state error as compared to the conventional power control approaches. The applicability of the proposed power control strategy for providing the robust stability of the system against the uncertainties of the load parameters is also investigated. The superiority of the proposed control strategy over conventional approaches in the new condition of supplying the load is demonstrated. The theoretical aspects of the proposed multivariable-based power control strategy and the conventional approaches are reviewed and simulation results are presented in two separate sections. MATLAB/Simulink 2009a is used to simulate different scenarios of the simulation.
This paper studies the suitability of a vector based current control which is mostly employed for its faster response in the reactive current applications of static compnesators (STATCOMs). The current control is mostly achieved using proportional-integral (PI) controllers because of the advantage of their good tracking and small variations. However, due to the dependency of PI controllers on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) system dynamics, performance variations arise during steady-state STATCOM non-ideal operations. This paper presents an improved MMC based STATCOM control with a d-q compensation algorithm added to the vector based current control. The algorithm is derived to tackle the effects of the dynamics of the MMC and the STATCOM ideal variations without the use of any additional controller. The control is achieved by providing a power compensation in the d,q-axis which injects currents at the input of the PI controllers in order to improve the steady-state performance of the STATCOM control.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document proposes a matrix converter-based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) system for power quality enhancement. The DVR uses a single matrix converter instead of a conventional AC/DC/AC converter. It is connected between the distribution feeder and load to mitigate voltage sags. The control system is based on dqo modeling of the matrix converter. It injects power from an energy storage device like a flywheel to restore the load voltage during sags. Simulation results show the DVR is able to effectively reduce sags and regulate the supply voltage, improving power quality.
A Review of Analysis and Modeling of Grid Connected Three Phase Multilevel Un...IRJET Journal
This document reviews a five-level multiple-pole structure for a grid connected three phase multilevel unity power rectifier that aims to improve power factor and reduce total harmonic distortion using fewer components. The proposed design is a five-level/multiple-pole multilevel unity power factor rectifier that achieves unity power factor and input current shaping with a reduced number of components. It uses a simple control method based on average current control at a low switching frequency to compensate for grid current harmonics. Simulation results show the design has better dynamic response and tracking under unbalanced grid conditions compared to other existing rectifier topologies.
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm Based Improvement of Efficiency in Interleaved B...IJPEDS-IAES
The reliability, efficiency, and controllability of Photo Voltaic power systems can be increased by embedding the components of a Boost Converter. Currently, the converter technology overcomes the main problems of manufacturing cost, efficiency and mass production. Issue to limit the life span of a Photo Voltaic inverter is the huge electrolytic capacitor across the Direct Current bus for energy decoupling. This paper presents a two-phase interleaved boost converter which ensures 180 angle phase shift between the two interleaved converters. The Proportional Integral controller is used to reshape that the controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the control inputs and also real coded genetic algorithm is proposed for tuning of controlling parameters of Proportional Integral controller. The real coded genetic algorithm is applied in the Interleaved Boost Converter with Advanced Pulse Width Modulation Techniques for improving the results of efficiency and reduction of ripple current. Simulation results illustrate the improvement of efficiency and the diminution of ripple current.
The document discusses micro inverters, which convert direct current from solar panels into alternating current. It examines two common inverter control methods - voltage source inverter control and power-type PWM inverter control. It then proposes an improved PWM inverter control system that can achieve maximum power point tracking and ensure high power quality from photovoltaic cells. Simulation results show the improved system controls grid current waveform and achieves unity power factor while allowing arbitrary power output. The methodology section outlines the system components and PWM pulse generation process. It examines types of single-phase grid-connected inverters and concludes the improved control method regulates voltage/current waveforms and stability while enabling flexible power transfer.
Voltage Support and Reactive Power Control in Micro-grid using DGIJMER
The document presents a control scheme for distributed generators in a microgrid system to provide voltage support and reactive power control. The control scheme uses a hierarchical power-voltage-current structure to facilitate flexible operation of distributed generators in both grid-connected and isolated microgrid modes. Simulation results show the control scheme enables:
1) Smooth transition between grid-connected and isolated modes while maintaining voltage regulation.
2) Robust performance during disturbances like islanding events and addition of nonlinear loads.
3) Accurate power sharing between distributed generators in both modes of operation.
The study evaluates the control scheme's performance under different operating conditions and demonstrates its effectiveness in providing flexible and robust control of distributed generators in a microgrid system.
A NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING ANN TECHNIQUE FO...IJERD Editor
The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a Micro grid-connected hybrid generation
system with versatile power transfer. This hybrid system allows maximum utilization of freely available
renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energies. For this, an adaptive MPPT algorithm along with
standard perturbs and observes method will be used for the system.
The inverter converts the DC output from non-conventional energy into useful AC power for the
connected load. This hybrid system operates under normal conditions which include normal room temperature
in the case of solar energy and normal wind speed at plain area in the case of wind energy. However, designing
an optimal micro grid is not an easy task, due to the fact that primary energy carriers are changeable and
uncontrollable, as is the demand. Traditional design and optimization tools, developed for controlled power
sources, cannot be employed here. Simulation methods seem to be the best solution.
The dynamic model of the proposed system is first elaborated in the stationary reference frame and
then transformed into the synchronous orthogonal reference frame. The transformed variables are used in
control of the voltage source converter as the heart of the interfacing system between DG resources and utility
grid. By setting an appropriate compensation current references from the sensed load currents in control circuit
loop of DG, the active, reactive, and harmonic load current components will be compensated with fast dynamic
response, thereby achieving sinusoidal grid currents in phase with load voltages, while required power of the
load is more than the maximum injected power of the DG to the grid. In addition, the proposed control method
of this paper does not need a phase-locked loop in control circuit and has fast dynamic response in providing
active and reactive power components of the grid-connected loads.
LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL IN TWO AREA NETWORK INCLUDING DGIAEME Publication
Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is associate integral a part of Energy Management
System. This paper deals with the automatic generation control of interconnected multi area grid
network. The first purpose of the AGC is to balance the full system generation against system load
and losses so the specified frequency and power interchange with neighboring systems are
maintained. Any pair between generation and demand causes the system frequency to deviate from
regular worth. So high frequency deviation could result in system collapse. This necessitates
associate correct and quick acting controller to take care of constant nominal frequency. The
limitations of the conventional controls are slow and lack of efficiency in handling system nonlinearity.
This leads to develop a control technique for AGC. In this paper both conventional and
PI viz. Proportional Integral controller approach of automatic generation control has been
examined. PI based AGC has been used for all optimization purposes. System performance has
been evaluated at various disturbances such as, load disturbances, grid disturbances and both load
and grid disturbances. Various responses due to conventional and proposed PI based AGC
controllers have been compared at load disturbances, grid disturbances and both load and grid
disturbances.
Seamless Transitions between Grid-Connected and Stand-Alone Operations of Dis...IJERD Editor
Control of the Distributed Generation (DG) system is important in both grid-connected and standalone
modes and the system stability becomes very crucial during the transfer between these two modes. If the
system does not have a proper transfer procedure, severe transient voltages or currents will occur, which may
damage the entire system. A seamless transfer can ensure smooth operation and quick attainment of steady state.
In order to solve these transition problems, this paper presents the development and test of a control strategy for
DG capable of working in grid-connected and intentional islanding connection modes with seamless transitions
from both operational modes.
IRJET- Analysis of Load Frequency Control for a Distributed Grid System Invol...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes load frequency control for a distributed grid system involving wind, hydro, and thermal power plants using conventional and fuzzy logic controllers. It models a three-area system with area 1 containing a thermal plant, area 2 containing a hydro plant, and area 3 containing wind generation. It simulates the system responses to a 1% load disturbance in one area using each controller and compares the undershoot and settling time. The fuzzy logic controller provides better dynamic response with lower undershoot, overshoot, and faster settling time compared to the conventional PI controller. This shows fuzzy logic control is more effective at maintaining frequency stability in an interconnected power system with various generation sources.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
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Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
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