Volcanoes Presentation with material chiefly drawn from the Geological Society of the UK.
Presented to Reddam House Waterfall learners on 14 March 2022
Volcanoes: Its characteristics and products.Mrityunjay Jha
This Powerpoint presentation provides basic information about the volcanoes. It describe about the characteristics of volcanoes such as volcano types, types of cones, volcanic products, types of lava and their eruption characteristics, structures formed by lava flow, association of volcanoes with plate tectonics and the distribution of volcanoes around the world. Several liquid, solid and gaseous volcanic products are described. Slide is presented in an interactive manner so that presenter can induldge students with the presentaion by asking question about the name of different figures shown in the presentaion.
Volcanoes: Its characteristics and products.Mrityunjay Jha
This Powerpoint presentation provides basic information about the volcanoes. It describe about the characteristics of volcanoes such as volcano types, types of cones, volcanic products, types of lava and their eruption characteristics, structures formed by lava flow, association of volcanoes with plate tectonics and the distribution of volcanoes around the world. Several liquid, solid and gaseous volcanic products are described. Slide is presented in an interactive manner so that presenter can induldge students with the presentaion by asking question about the name of different figures shown in the presentaion.
A brief explanation of what a volcano is, its parts, and how it erupts.
Link to Powerpoint presentation with animations:
https://1drv.ms/p/s!AqlgXtwNT9zAgihsvLpaBRIUmINw?e=ThXPlx
Volcanoes and earthquakes education powerpointShubham Saha
This power point is intended to educate you about volcanoes and earthquakes as it is very easy to understand and very descriptive. This can help you in school projects, work purposes or even just for your knowledge. Enjoy....
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. What is a volcano? Where volcanoes take place? Where do they form? Creating a new volcano. Types of volcanoes. Cone-shape volcanoes. Shield volcanoes.
Story mode about volcanic eruption preparedness, Philippine setting
credits to Internet and book sources for information and data
Links are broken
(created for a group/school presentation)
A presentation on Volcanoes, Plate Tectonics and Igneous Rocks for high school use.
Compiled by James Campbell with resources from the Geological Society of the UK which has wealth of useful material.
A brief explanation of what a volcano is, its parts, and how it erupts.
Link to Powerpoint presentation with animations:
https://1drv.ms/p/s!AqlgXtwNT9zAgihsvLpaBRIUmINw?e=ThXPlx
Volcanoes and earthquakes education powerpointShubham Saha
This power point is intended to educate you about volcanoes and earthquakes as it is very easy to understand and very descriptive. This can help you in school projects, work purposes or even just for your knowledge. Enjoy....
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. What is a volcano? Where volcanoes take place? Where do they form? Creating a new volcano. Types of volcanoes. Cone-shape volcanoes. Shield volcanoes.
Story mode about volcanic eruption preparedness, Philippine setting
credits to Internet and book sources for information and data
Links are broken
(created for a group/school presentation)
A presentation on Volcanoes, Plate Tectonics and Igneous Rocks for high school use.
Compiled by James Campbell with resources from the Geological Society of the UK which has wealth of useful material.
Grade 8 Integrated Science Chapter 15 Lesson 2 on volcanoes. This lesson goes into detail about volcanoes, plate boundaries, lava chemistry, eruption types, and volcano types. The purpose of this lesson is for students to understand where and why volcanoes form and what factors cause differing volcanic features.
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface
The presentation covers the description , types, origin , world distribution , effects caused by volcanoes.
Geography Project on Volcanoes, made by a 14 year old student as his school submission work, has almost all the required information about the Volcanoes and includes case studies & maps of major volcanic regions of the world, active volcanoes of the world, Volcanic eruptions in the modern times.
Copyright (c) 2021-2022 Ishan Ketan Bhavsar
TO BE USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY
Diamond exploration, mining, financing and driving entrepreneurial behaviour.James AH Campbell
A presentation entitled:
"Diamond exploration, mining, financing and driving entrepreneurial behaviour".
to the Antwerp World Diamond Council and Gordon Institute of Business ('GIBS') global seminar entitled "From Mine to Finger. A deep dive into the world of diamonds". 7 February 2024 at GIBS.
Most of the participants are either entrepreneurs in the diamond downstream space or academics from both institutions.
Corporate Governance for South African Mining Companies (a practitioner's view)James AH Campbell
Corporate Governance for South African Mining Companies (a practitioner's view).
Compliance & Reporting in the Minerals Industry
15th September 2023
University of the Witwatersrand
(MINN7052A)
Attracting Funds to Develop the Diamond Potential of Southern AfricaJames AH Campbell
Attracting Funds to Develop the Diamond Potential of Southern Africa
JAHCampbell
24 Aug 2023
Presentation to the Kimberely International Diamond Conference.
Prospecting for Solutions: Challenges facing the South African Mining IndustryJames AH Campbell
Prospecting for Solutions: Challenges facing the South African Mining Industry
James Campbell
Presentation to Drexel University MBA group in Johannesburg on 11 May 2023.
Is there any overlap between Corporate Governance & Public Reporting?James AH Campbell
Is there any overlap between Corporate Governance & Public Reporting?
Presentation to the Geological Society of South Africa.
10th October 2022, Johannesburg.
Prospecting for Solutions: Challenges facing the South African Mining IndustryJames AH Campbell
Prospecting for Solutions: Challenges facing the South African Mining Industry.
Society of Economic Geologists, SA Chapter.
6th October 2022, University of the Witwatersrand.
Corporate Governance for South African Mining Companies (a practitioner's view)James AH Campbell
Corporate Governance for South African Mining Companies (a practitioner's view).
Compliance & Reporting in the Minerals Industry
27th September 2022,
University of the Witwatersrand
The Future of Botswana's Diamond Resources
James AH Campbell
Botswana Resources Infrastructure and Energy Forum ('BRIEF')
Gaborone, Botswana
16-17 May 2022
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
3. Volcanic bombs: large lumps of rock and molten
blobs of magma thrown out from the volcano
Ash, steam & gas: material erupted from the volcano
Geyser: vent that shoots steam and boiling water
into the air
Sill: flat sheet of igneous rock formed underground
Ash, steam & gas
Crater
Secondary vent
Volcanic bombs
Lava
Sills
Magma chamber
Geysers
Conduit
Main vent
Dykes
4. • Magma collects in
magma chamber
• As magma is added the
pressure increases
causing fractures
• Magma is less dense than
surrounding solid rock so
rises
• Erupts on the surface
through a volcano as
lava, ash and gas
5. Outer
core
(liquid)
Inner
core
(solid)
• Plates are made from the
lithosphere
• The lithosphere is broken up
into tectonic plates which
move around on top of the
asthenosphere
• Lithosphere is rigid and
brittle so can fracture and
buckle
• Asthenosphere is solid rock
but is plastic and can flow
8. Plates moving AWAY
from each other
Volcanoes
Magma
New ocean
crust
David Karnå / CC by 3.0
Iceland
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
(lower mantle)
9. Magma
Plate melts
Volcano
Plate is subducted
Oceanic and
Continental plates
Mount St. Helens,
Washington, USA
Oceanic crust
~2.9 g/cm3
Continental crust
~2.7 g/cm3
10. Oceanic and
oceanic plates
Older
oceanic plate
Younger
oceanic plate
Oceanic
island arc
Magma
Plate melts
Plate is subducted
Ocean trench
Mount Mayon,
Philippines
17. Olympus Mons on Mars
Shallow slopes
made from lava
Runny basalt
magma
Kilauea lava lake,
Hawaii
Wolf Volcano, Galapagos
Islands
Erta Ale Volcano, Ethiopia
Photo: filippo_jean/CC-By-2.0
18. Steep slopes
made from
lava and ash
Sticky magma
Mount St. Helens,
Washington, USA
Mount Fuji, Japan
Mayon Volcano,
Philippines
Cotopaxi, Ecuador
19. ´A´a lava, Guatemala
Photo: Librex/CC-By-2.0
Pahoehoe lava,
Hawaii
Columnar joints,
Isle of Mull
Pillow lava,
Cornwall
26. • Mid Atlantic Ridge –
divergent plate
boundary
• North American and
Eurasian plates moving
apart at 25mm/year
• Iceland also lies above a
‘hotspot’
• Eyjafjallajökull is in
Iceland's Eastern
Volcanic Zone
• 200km thick ice cap
27. David Karnå / CC by 3.0
Fissure eruption at
Fimmvörðuháls
Ash column after explosive
eruption
Explosive eruption at
Eyjafjallajökull
20th March 2010
10km high plume
Boaworm / CC by 3.0
28. • European airspace was closed from 15-21 April 2010.
107,000 flights were cancelled, airline industry lost £1.1
billion (International Air Transport Association)
• Many industries relying on air freighted products were
badly affected → shortages of imported fruits, flowers
and electronic hardware
• River levels raised by 3m
• Agricultural land, roads, bridges and buildings damaged
by flooding
• 800 people were evacuated
29.
30. • Mount Nyiragongo is in the
Democratic Republic of Congo
• Part of East African Rift Valley, a
developing divergent plate
boundary
• Crater contains persistent lava
lake
• The lava emitted in eruptions at
Nyiragongo is often
unusually fluid (nephelinite -
very low SiO2 content)
32. • Nyiragongo erupted on 17th January 2002
• 13km fissure opened up on the south side of the
volcano
• Lava flows reached speeds of 60km/hr in the direction
of Goma and Lake Kivo
• 14-34 million m3 of lava
• Eruption of lava stopped after ~12 hours but lava
continued to flow towards and into Lake Kivo for a 3
days
• 45 fatalities in first 24 hours due to lava flows and CO2
asphyxiation
33. THE PRESENTER
A huge thank you and acknowledgements to the Geological
Society of the UK from which this material was chiefly drawn
https://twitter.com/JAHC1
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jamesahcampbell/
https://www.slideshare.net/JamesAHCampbell1
https://www.youtube.com/JamesCampbell_JAHC
James Campbell has spent over 35-years in the diamond industry in a variety of
leadership roles both in major and junior companies. He is currently Managing
Director of Botswana Diamonds plc. Previously he held leadership roles at
Rockwell Diamonds Inc, Stellar Diamonds plc, Lucara Diamond Inc, African
Diamonds plc, West African Diamonds plc, Shefa Gems and De Beers where he
spent over 20-years with notable appointments including General Manager
Exploration and Nicky Oppenheimer's Personal Assistant. James is also Chairman
of the leadership development Non-Profit Organisation Common Purpose SA.
James holds a degree in Mining & Exploration Geology from the Royal
School of Mines (Imperial College, London) and an MBA with
distinction from Durham University. James is a Fellow of the IOM3,
SAIMM, GSSA and IODSA. He is also a C.Eng (UK), C.Sci (UK) and
Pr.Sci.Nat.