This document summarizes key concepts in vitrification and cryobiology. It discusses the components involved in vitrification including cryoprotectants like sucrose, ethylene glycol, DMSO, and propylene glycol. It outlines the steps in vitrification - adding cryoprotectants, cooling cells to -196C, warming/thawing, and removing cryoprotectants. Variables that can influence vitrification effectiveness are discussed. Composition of vitrification and warming solutions from different studies are presented. Similar survival rates between vitrification and slow freezing are noted. Open questions around water removal from oocytes during vitrification are raised. The need for long term follow up studies on neonatal outcomes is emphasized.
process of preserving an embryo at sub-zero temperatures, generally at an embryogenesis stage corresponding to pre-implantation.this presentation will clear you about slow freezing rapid freezing and vitrification method of embryo freezing.
process of preserving an embryo at sub-zero temperatures, generally at an embryogenesis stage corresponding to pre-implantation.this presentation will clear you about slow freezing rapid freezing and vitrification method of embryo freezing.
Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy.
EMBRYO QUALITY ASSESSMENT, WHICH TO SELECT? Rahul Sen
Traditional embryo evaluation systems are simple, non-invasive, cost-effective & mainstay in majority of IVF laboratories. Embryo selection based on combinations of morphology scores at different stages of embryonic development with time may be more effective
In-vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process by which oocytes are fertilized by sperm outside the women’s womb, in vitro. It still represents one of the most exciting modern scientific developments and continues to have a tremendous impact on
people's lives.
Here, we will discuss all about the embryo development inside the dish.
Also we discuss which embryo to choose for transferring into female's uterus.
The Embryology laboratory should been designed to provide an environment that is as close to optimum as possible for the growth of human embryos and to provide the best resulting pregnancy rates for patients undergoing IVF cycles.
Here, we discuss what is the components of IVF laboratory.
Effect of stem- extract of Adenia cessampeloides on malondialdehyde (MDA) and...iosrjce
Adenia cessampeloides is a popular plant whose stem is used as fish poison by the local people in
Ohaukwu local government area of Rivers- state in Nigeria. Its leaves are however, consumed locally for its
high nutrient quality. Here, the Adenia cessampeloides stem aqueous extract on malondialdehyde(MDA) and
superoxide dismutase(SOD) in Clara patrichus(fishes) were studied using standard methods. The results
showed that MDA decreased as the concentration of the extract increased and SOD activity also increased as
the concentration of the extract increased. The results also showed that oxidative stress or cellular damages
might be prevented by use of the plant stem extract
Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy.
EMBRYO QUALITY ASSESSMENT, WHICH TO SELECT? Rahul Sen
Traditional embryo evaluation systems are simple, non-invasive, cost-effective & mainstay in majority of IVF laboratories. Embryo selection based on combinations of morphology scores at different stages of embryonic development with time may be more effective
In-vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process by which oocytes are fertilized by sperm outside the women’s womb, in vitro. It still represents one of the most exciting modern scientific developments and continues to have a tremendous impact on
people's lives.
Here, we will discuss all about the embryo development inside the dish.
Also we discuss which embryo to choose for transferring into female's uterus.
The Embryology laboratory should been designed to provide an environment that is as close to optimum as possible for the growth of human embryos and to provide the best resulting pregnancy rates for patients undergoing IVF cycles.
Here, we discuss what is the components of IVF laboratory.
Effect of stem- extract of Adenia cessampeloides on malondialdehyde (MDA) and...iosrjce
Adenia cessampeloides is a popular plant whose stem is used as fish poison by the local people in
Ohaukwu local government area of Rivers- state in Nigeria. Its leaves are however, consumed locally for its
high nutrient quality. Here, the Adenia cessampeloides stem aqueous extract on malondialdehyde(MDA) and
superoxide dismutase(SOD) in Clara patrichus(fishes) were studied using standard methods. The results
showed that MDA decreased as the concentration of the extract increased and SOD activity also increased as
the concentration of the extract increased. The results also showed that oxidative stress or cellular damages
might be prevented by use of the plant stem extract
Artificial intelligence and reproductive Medicine.pptxG A RAMA Raju
PowerPoint slides and provides an overview of the critical role of AI in reproductive medicine. It highlights the technological advancements, case studies, and ethical considerations, painting a comprehensive picture of this exciting intersection of technology and healthcare.
Describes tThe precise dosage and duration of progesterone administration for luteal support in IVF are still topics of ongoing research, which could potentially lead to suboptimal outcomes such as miscarriage or preterm birth if not correctly managed.The efficacy of progesterone in reducing miscarriage and preterm birth rates in IVF, creating uncertainty about the best approach to luteal phase support.
Current trends in embryology- role of Time-lapse embryo monitoring .pptxG A RAMA Raju
. Time-lapse embryo monitoring is a compact modular benchtop incubator that incorporates time-lapse imaging to capture critical developmental stages of embryo development. Designed to offer an individualized and undisturbed incubation, the time-lapse incubator provides stable culture conditions in an optimal environment.#geri
#krishnaivf
Can time lapse incubation and monitoring be beneficial for art monitoring in ...G A RAMA Raju
After close to 45 years of assisted reproduction and a glance back at what are major milestones had impacted the practice of assisted reproduction. The first is the birth of Louis brown in 1978. A decade and a half later, the advent of icsi, tese icsi, has changed the management of male factor infertility. A decade later, in the early 2000s, we had the vitrification initially of the embryos, latter oocyte, and reproductive tissue. Now maybe we are. on the threshold of another revolution, and this time into ivf laboratory where the closed door of embryo development has to be opened to the miracle of early human embryology development through time-lapse embryo monitoring. This presentation walks you through the development
The presentation is about male factor infertility.
Absence of sperms, also known as Azoospermia. The treatments of an Azoospermia had changed a lot in the last 25 years starting in 1995 when the first successful case of non-obstructive Azooxpermia was published in the journal of human reproduction. This lecture elaborates on the various methods that are used for obtaining sperm from the testis and also explains the current progress happening in this field of stem cells in the management of males. Infertility,
Lh in assisted reproduction by DR G A RAMARAJUG A RAMA Raju
Luteinizing hormone (LH) in synergy with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates normal follicular growth and ovulation. FSH is frequently used in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Recent studies have facilitated better understanding on the complementary role of the LH to FSH in regulation of the follicle; however, role of LH in stimulation of follicle, optimal dosage of LH in stimulation and its importance in advanced aged patients has been a topic of discussion among medical fraternity. Though the administration of exogenous LH with FSH is obligatory for controlled ovarian stimulation in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, there is still a paucity of information of its usage in other patient population.A Brief introduction of Lh polymorphism in ovarian stimulation
In recent years ,our understanding of Lh is increasing day by day.In this presentation effort made to provide current understanding of Lh inassisted reproduction.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
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We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
22. OSMOTIC ALTERATION
OTHER SACCHARIDES
Sucrose
CPA
DMSO
Ethylene glycol PROPYLENE GLYCOL
GLYCEROL
Gamete media g1
HEPES BUFFERED MEDIA
23.
24. Composition of Vitrification Solutions
V1:
ES: 7.5% BUFFER
of EG
+ 7.5% of
DMSO
V2: EG + Propanediol
VS: 15% of EG + 15% of DMSO +
0.6M of SUCROSE
V3: EG + Propanediol + FICOLL
Sage Bio Pharma Vitrolife
Rama Raju et al
ES: 7.5%
of EG
+ 7.5% of 1,2
Propanediol
VS: 15% of EG + 15% of 1,2
Propanediol + 0.5M of SUCROSE
25. Composition of Warming Solutions
W1:
Sucrose
1M Sucrose
W2: Sucrose
0.5M Sucrose
W3: Sucrose
Sage Bio Pharma Vitrolife
Rama Raju et al
1M Sucrose
0.5M Sucrose
0.25M Sucrose
Medi Cult
26.
27.
28.
29. Vitrification and slow freezing
similar results
30.
31. Japanese group
vajata
We are working on
removal of water from
oocyte and working on
that
34. The odds of post-thawing survival rate of cleavage-stage embryos after vitrification or slow freezing
Devroey, P. et al. Hum Reprod Update 2009 15:391-408; doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp012
Copyright restrictions may apply.
41. Use of hospital Long Increase risk of
epilepsy
services hospitalization infection
Sleep Behavior
Cerebral palsy Convulsions
disturbances problems
Congenital
malformation
Need for long tern follow up to look deep
Falling pictures(Intermediate)To reproduce the picture effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. Select the picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate, the Height box is set to 2.93” and the Width box is set to 4.41”. Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click More, and then click Beveled Matte, White (first row, second option from the left). Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box, enter 5°.Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Picture Styles group, click the FormatPicture dialog box launcher. In the FormatPicture dialog box, in the left pane, click Shadow. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, and then under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Left (first row, third option from the left). In the Distance box, enter 20 pt. Drag the picture into the top right corner of the slide.Select the picture. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Drag the second (duplicate) picture to the left middle of the slide.Select the second picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, under Size and rotation, in the Rotation box, enter 0°.Right-click the second picture and click Change Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. Select the second picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate, the Height box is set to 2.93” and the Width box is set to 4.41”. Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Picture Styles group, click the FormatPicture dialog box launcher. In the FormatPicture dialog box, in the left pane, click 3-D Rotation. In the 3-D Rotation pane, click the button next to Presets, under Perspective click Perspective Relaxed (second row, third option from the left), and then do the following: In the X box, enter 0°.In the Y box, enter 320°.In the Z box, enter 10°.In the Perspective box, enter 80°. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back. Select the second picture. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Drag the third picture to the bottom right corner of the slide, under the first picture.Right-click the third picture and click Change Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. Select the third picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate, the Height box is set to 2.93” and the Width box is set to 4.41”. Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Picture Styles group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatPicture dialog box, in the left pane, click 3-D Rotation. In the 3-D Rotation pane, click the button next to Presets, under Perspective click Perspective Relaxed (second row, third option from the left), and then do the following: In the X box, enter 0°.In the Y box, enter 300°.In the Z box, enter 0°.In the Perspective box, enter 60°. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 70%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1, Lighter 5% (sixth row, second option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 87, Green: 78, Blue: 51.
Falling pictures(Intermediate)To reproduce the picture effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. Select the picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate, the Height box is set to 2.93” and the Width box is set to 4.41”. Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click More, and then click Beveled Matte, White (first row, second option from the left). Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, under Size and rotate, in the Rotation box, enter 5°.Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Picture Styles group, click the FormatPicture dialog box launcher. In the FormatPicture dialog box, in the left pane, click Shadow. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, and then under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Left (first row, third option from the left). In the Distance box, enter 20 pt. Drag the picture into the top right corner of the slide.Select the picture. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Drag the second (duplicate) picture to the left middle of the slide.Select the second picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, under Size and rotation, in the Rotation box, enter 0°.Right-click the second picture and click Change Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. Select the second picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate, the Height box is set to 2.93” and the Width box is set to 4.41”. Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Picture Styles group, click the FormatPicture dialog box launcher. In the FormatPicture dialog box, in the left pane, click 3-D Rotation. In the 3-D Rotation pane, click the button next to Presets, under Perspective click Perspective Relaxed (second row, third option from the left), and then do the following: In the X box, enter 0°.In the Y box, enter 320°.In the Z box, enter 10°.In the Perspective box, enter 80°. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back. Select the second picture. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Drag the third picture to the bottom right corner of the slide, under the first picture.Right-click the third picture and click Change Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. Select the third picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate, the Height box is set to 2.93” and the Width box is set to 4.41”. Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Picture Styles group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatPicture dialog box, in the left pane, click 3-D Rotation. In the 3-D Rotation pane, click the button next to Presets, under Perspective click Perspective Relaxed (second row, third option from the left), and then do the following: In the X box, enter 0°.In the Y box, enter 300°.In the Z box, enter 0°.In the Perspective box, enter 60°. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 70%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1, Lighter 5% (sixth row, second option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 87, Green: 78, Blue: 51.